CBSE - 11th - HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION CHAPTE NO.7

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. DEFINITIONS OF TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
1. IMPORTANCE OF TEST, MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION
IN SPORT
1. CALCULATION OF BMI AND WAIST-HIP-RATIO
1. SOMATOTYPES OR BODY TYPES (ENDOMORPHY,
MESOMORPHY AND ECTOMORPHY)
1. MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS

3. Definition of Test :-
Test is a method to determine a student’s ability to
complete certain tasks or demonstrate mastery of a
skill or knowledge of content. Some types would be
multiple choice tests, or a weekly spelling test. While
it is commonly used interchangeably with
assessment, or even evaluation, it can be
distinguished by the fact that a test is one form of an
assessment

6. Definition of Measurement:-
It is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical
quantity such as length or a mass to a unit of measurement, such as
the meter or the kilogram. Measurement can also be defined as
“administration, and scoring of tests”. Measurement generally results
in quantitative data. The data are not information; they are only the
basis of information. By Hopkins and Stanley, 1981 Many types of
measurement techniques have been put to use in physical education
and sports. A brief aspects of various techniques of measurement
used in physical education and sports are anthropometric, strength
and endurance, cardiovascular, athletic ability, sports skill testing,
reaction time and speed, physical fitness, etc. In other words,
measurement is the post test, individual value and is a prerequisite
for evaluation.

9. Definition of Evaluation :-
Evaluation is a process that uses measurement, and the
purpose of measurement is to collect information for
evaluation. “The critical assessment, in as objective a
manner as possible, of the degree to which a service or its
component parts fulfills stated goals”. By St Leger and
Wordsworth-Bell In this definition the focus is on facts as
well as value laden judgments of the programs outcomes
and worth.

12. Importance Of Test, Measurement &
Evaluation:
1. To know about the progress: Both physical education instructors and
students know the progress level of achievement so that they can enhance
the level of progress. If student are not aware of their level, they may fail to
enhance the progress level
2. Ranking Group:With the help of measurement the ranking of students can
be done. The classification of the group can lead to better group
performance.
3. For Motivation: Through the test, measurement and evaluation of
student’s performance, he can compare his progress level with the
progress level of others so that he too can feel motivated to achieve that
level.

13. 4. To know abilities & capacities: With the help of effective tool, the teachers
can come to learn those abilities and capacities of their students which can be
helpful in the preparation of effective planning.
5. Prediction of achievements: The performance can be evaluated easily with
the help of test and measurement. On the basis of present performance of
students the achievement of student can be predicted.

14. IMPORTANCE OF TEST, MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATION
IN SPORTS:-
6. Classification: The classification of sports person based on the testing
of age, sex, body sized (weight and height), sports skill, interest, general
physical fitness, etc.
7. Current Performance Status: Health status is evaluated by testing
health markers like pulse rate, blood pressure, blood parameters
(hemoglobin, sugar, lipids, etc.), routine urine testing, etc. fitness status is
noted by testing basic fitness components like strength, suppleness,
stamina, etc.
8. Selections: It helps invariably used to select the best few participants
for various categories of sports events on the basis of some scientific tests.

15. 9. Training Effects: The training effects on the performance of the athlete
can be evaluated with the help of specific measurement and evaluation
procedures.
10 . Individualisation: It helps to diagnose the participating trainee’s
individual weakness strength or needs. It also helps for making individual
the training schedule.
11. Motivation: It serves as a very effective motivation device and tends
to encourage students to try harder for improving their performance levels
in comparison to their team mates in a positive competitive team spirit and
sportsmanship.
12. Records: It helps to construct norms and standards of performance
expected from a particular group of sport persons and to establish age, sex
or grade level standards for different population groups.

16. CALCULATION OF BMI
AND
WAIST-HIP RATIO

18. Body Mass Index (BMI)
● Body mass index is a measure of Body fat. It is used
to learn about a person’s weight according to hi
height and it is calculated by the BMI formula:
Body Mass Index (BMI) = Weight of body / Height x
Height
= Weight in kg / Height in meter

20. Categories Of Body Mass Index - (BMI)
● Through the category of BMI, one can
determine whether he is required to reduce
or increase the weight for being a
physically fit.

22. CHART - BMI

24. Waist – Hip Ratio
● It is an important tool to measure the fat around the waist
and hips. It is calculated on the basis of the following
formula:
●
Waist-hip ratio = Circumference of waist / Circumference
of hips
● The circumference around hips is measured by tape keeping
in mind that it’s the widest.
● The waist circumference in measured around belly button or

25. ADMINISTRATION
:-

29. CHART WHR

30. Somato Types
It was used by renowned Psychologist William H.
Sheldon to describe a body type on the basis of
human physique.

31. CLASSIFICATION BY

35. ASTHENIC

39. CLASSIFICATION BY
WILLIAM HERBERT SHELDON
In fact the success of an athlete or a
sportsperson comes from a combination of
athletic ability and physique or body build
W.H Sheldon classified the somatotype or
body type of individuals into the following
categories which are stared subsequently

42. A. Endomorphy:
● Endomorph body type is solid and soft and it has tendency to
store fat which leads to wider and higher waist.
● The built of endomorphs is shorter with thick & short limbs.
The following are the traits of Endomorph body:
(i) Large build
(ii) Round Physique
(iii) Soft & round body
(iv) Generally shorter
(v) Wide waist
(vi) Slow metabolic rate
(vii) Hardly lose fat

43. B. Mesomorph:
● A person having mesomorph physique has a large bones and
muscles.
● They possess athletic physique.
● They easily gain and lose body weight.
The following are the traits of Mesomorph body:
(i) Athletic Body
(ii) Hard and tough body
(iii) Rectangular shaped body
(iv) Long Torso
(v) Narrow Waist
(vi) Large head
(vii) Gain fat more easily than ectomorph

44. C. Ectomorphy:
● An typically skinny person.
● They have a light build with small joints and lean muscles.
● Long thin limbs with stringy muscles.
The following are the straits of Ectomorph body:
(i) Small and delicate frame and bone structure
(ii) Flat chest
(iii) Small & thin shoulders
(iv) Lean muscle mass
(v) Fast metabolic rate
(vi) Narrow hips

46. BODY TYPE

49. Measurement Of Health-related
Fitness

59. II. Measurement Of Muscular Strength
– Kraus Weber Test
Kraus Weber Test
● It was introduced by Kraus and Hirschland. It consists of
six tests:

60. Test – 1
● Purpose: To measure the strength of the abdominal and Psoas muscles
● Procedure: The subject lies in supine position i.e., flat on his back and hands behind
his neck, examiner holds his feet to keep him on ground and he is asked to perform
one sit-up.
● Scoring: If he performs he passes and gets 10 marks else he fails and receives 0
marks.
Test – 2
● Purpose: To measure the strength of the abdominal muscles
● Procedure:The subject lies in supine position but his knees are bent and ankles
remain in touch with his buttocks. The examiner holds the feet of the subject. After
command the subject has to roll up to sitting position.
● Scoring: If he performs one sit-up in this condition, he passes else he fails. The

61. Test – 3
● Purpose: To measure the strength of the Psoas and lower back
● Procedure: The subject is advised to lie on supine on the table and hands to be kept
behind the neck. Then he is advised to lift the legs to 10 inches above the table.
● Scoring: If he can raise his feet 10 inches from the ground for 10 second then he gets
10 marks. The scores are awarded keeping in mind the time for which the subject uplifts
his legs.
Test – 4
● Purpose: To measure the strength of the upper back
● Procedure: The subject lies in prone position (i.e. on his stomach with a pillow under his
lower abdomen and his hands behind his neck) on the table, examiner has to press the
back and trunk of subject. The subject is advised to life the legs to 10 inches above the
table.
● Scoring: If subject can raise his legs in such a condition for 10 seconds then he gets 10
else he is marked as per the time he maintains the desired upliftment.

62. Test – 5
● Purpose: To measure the strength of the lower back
● Procedure: The subject lies in prone position on the table, examiner has to press the
legs and hips of the subject. The subject is advised to life the upper body to 10 inches
above the table.
● Scoring: The subject is market 10 if he uplifts his body in such a condition for 10
seconds else he is marked for the time he maintains the desired upliftment.
Test – 6
● Purpose: To measure the strength of the back hamstring
● Procedure: It is also known as floor – touch test, measured flexibility of the trunk,
subject is asked to lean down slowly to touch the floor with finger tips for 3 seconds,
bouncing or jerking is not allowed, examiner holds his knees to prevent any bend.
● Scoring: Full 10 marks are given for complete touch. If subject is unable to touch by
two inches he is awarded 8 marks.

63. Harvard Step Test
I. Harvard Step Test: It is develop by Brouha and his
associates in 1943. Purpose of this test is to measure
cardiovascular fitness.
Equipment Required:
1. Bench which is 20 inches / 50.8 cm high.
2. Stopwatch
3. Metronome

66. 1. Manual Method: the heart rate can be measured from any spot on the
body at which any artery is closed is closed to the surface so that a pulse
can be felt. The most common place for measuring the heart rate is wrist
and neck.
2. Monitor Method: a heart rate monitor or electro cardiogram can be used
to measure more accurate heart rate. A heart rate monitor consists of a
transmitter and receiver. The heart muscles transmit an electron signal
when they contract. The transmitter then sends ans electromagnetic signal
containing heart rate data to the wrist receiver which displays the heart
rate.
(i) Short Form: In this form only heart rate is counted from 1 – 1.5 minutes
after finishing.
(ii) Long Form: In this form the heart rate is counted three times. Firstly
form 1 to 1.5 minutes then between 2 to 2.5 minutes, and between 3 to 3.5
minutes.

67. Scoring :-
Fitness Index For Short Form = (100x test
duration in seconds) divided by (5.5x pulse
count between 1 and 1.5 minutes).
Fitness Index For Long Form = (100x test
duration in seconds) divided by (2x sum of heart
beats in the recovery periods).

68. Example of scoring fitness index
For example the test was conducted for an individual and following reading were
recorded:
Total duration of stepping 300 seconds
1 – 1.5 minutes = 95
2 – 2.5 minutes = 85
3 – 3.5 minutes = 75
Short form fitness score
FI Score = (100*300)/(5.5*95) = 57.4
Long form fitness score

69. Fitness index Score
Male Female
Rating
> 90.0 > 86.0 Excellent
80.0-90.0 76.0-85.9 Good /Above average
65.0-79.9 61.0-75.9 Average
55.0-64.9 50.0-60.9 Below average
< 55 < 50 Poor

70. Advantages:
● Requires minimal cost
● Requires minimum equipment
● Simple to set up and conduct
Disadvantages:
● Easy to perform for taller people.
● Obese cannot perform well.

72. Modified Push up

74. Partial Curl
up test

81. SIT AND REACH FLEXIBILITY
TEST

82. Flexibility
Sit and Reach Test
Purpose: The main aim of sit and reach test is to determine flexibility of an individual.
Equipment Required: A wooden sit and reach box.
Method:
1. The subject advised to sit on floor with legs stretched out straight ahead.
2. Shoes should be removed.
3. The soles of the feet are placed flat against the box.
4. Both knees should be locked and pressed flat to the floor.
5. The palm must face the downwards and the hands on top of each other or side by side.
6. After this the subject reaches forward along the measuring line as far as possible and holds that position for a
moment.
7. During the holds the distance is recorded.
8. No jerky moment is allowed.

85. Muscular Endurance
600 m Run / Walk Test
Purpose: The main aim of this test is to measure aerobic fitness of an individual.
Equipment Required: Standard athletics track, marking cones and stopwatch.
Method:
1. There are several tests which involve running and walking to complete 600 m.
2. To start, all participants line up behind the starting line.
3. On the command ‘go’, the clock will start, and they will begin running at their
own pace.
Scoring: The total time taken to run 600 m is recorded.