Networking Concepts

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2. Topic of Presentation
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3.  Contents
What is network?
Uses of networks
History of networking
Types 0f networking
How networks are structured?
Network Topologies
Network Protocols
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4. Networking:
-
____”When two or more computers connected
to each other through some communication
media is called Networking.____”
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5. for example:-
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6. History of networking:-
 Over the five decades that Unisys has been involved in the
computer industry, it has participated in
 the development of networking technologies while working
under contract for the Department of Defense (DOD) and other
government agencies and in the course of developing its
commercial
 product offerings. During this time Unisys has made several
significant technical contributions
 furthering the development of networking in the industry at
large.
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7. Why Networking?
Sharing information — i.e. data communication
 Like this
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8. Uses of networks:-
 Network allows user to share program and
data simultaneously.
 Network allows users to share peripheral
devices.
 Network allows user to share email
through network.
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9. Example
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10. Types of networks
 Local Area Network(LANs)
 Wide Area Network (WANs)
 Metropolitan Area Network(MANs)
 Campus Area Network(CANs)
 Home Area Network(HANs)
 Intranet and Extranet
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11. Local Area network
 Its is digital communication system
capable of interconnecting a large number
of computer terminals and devices with in
a limited area.
 Its speed is faster than WANs.
 But is small in covering area.
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12. For example
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13. Wide area network
 Its is digital communication system
capable of interconnecting a large number
of computer terminals and devices
through different cities.
 Its is slower than WAN.
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14. For example
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15. Metropolitan area
network
 A MANs connect a geographical area larger
than LAN but LESS than WAN such as city
with dedicated or high performance
hardware.
 Mobile phones system based on MANs.
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16. For example
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17. Campus Area Network
 A CANs follow the same principle as LANs
work.
 With a CAN different campus offices and
organization can be linked together.
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18. For example
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19. Home area network
 A home network (HANs) is a network
contained a person’s digital devices from
multiple computer and devices such as
 Printer
 Telephones
 DVDs
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20. For example
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21. Intranet and extranet
 Its is privately own-secure business
network based on internet technology not
necessarily to the internet.
 Information is available to all employees.
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22. Extranet
 Its combination of multiple intranets.
 Intranets of different companies are
connected each other to share data and
information.
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23. Extranet
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24. Intranet
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25. How network are structured ?
 Following are the ways to form a
network.
 Client/server Networks.
 Peer to Peer Networks.
 Hybrid Network.
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26. Client/server Networks
 Inthis type of network one or
more computer are dedicated
server and the remaining
computer works as client.
 The client are all other
computers on the network.
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27. advantages
• Advantages of client/server networks
• Facilitate resource sharing – centrally
administrate and control
• Facilitate system backup and improve
fault tolerance
• Enhance security – only administrator
can have access to Server
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28. Disadvantages
• Disadvantages of client/server networks
• High cost for Servers
• Need expert to configure the network
• Introduce a single point of failure to the
system
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29. For example
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30. Peer to peer network
 In this network every computer plays a
role of server or client depending upon
the nature of communication .
 All computers have equal rights.
 No one computer can control over other
computer.
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31. advantages
• Advantages of peer-to-peer networks:
• Low cost
• Simple to configure
• User has full accessibility of the
computer
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32. Disadvantages of peer-to-peer
o May have duplication in
resources
Difficult to uphold security
policy
Difficult to handle uneven
loading
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33. For example
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34. Hybrid network
 Ithas the combined feature of
both client and peer to peer
networks
 The user take advantage of
both networks.
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35. advantages
 Its provide both the facility of peer to
peer model and client server model
DISADVANTAGE
 Hard ware cost .
 Maintenance.
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36. For example
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37. Network topologies
 ____”
The scheme of joining
computer in a network is
called topology___”
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38. Types of topologies
 Bus Topology
 Ring Topology
 Star Topology
 Tree Topology
 Mesh Topology
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39. Bus Topology
 In bus topology all the computer are
connected in the series with a common
communication medium.
 The communication medium is called
BUS.
 Bus is used in LAN because It is To
installed.
 If the one node of bus fail then the whole
network will be destroy.
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40. For example
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41. Ring topology
 In ring topology every device has exactly
two neighbor for communication
purpose and the last computer is
connected to the first computer all the
computer are connected in ring shape.
 A failure in cable or a device breaks the
loop and the entire network fails.
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42. For example
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43. Star topology
 All the computer are connected to
central HUB OR Switch.
 Twisted pair cable is used in star
topology.
 Its is mostly use in LAN because it is
easy to maintain .
 If the HUB or SWITCH or fail then entire
network becomes fail.
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44. For example
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45. Tree topology
 Tree topology integrates the multiple
star topologies together on to a bus all
the computer are connected in such a
way to form tree like structure.
 It has combined feature of STAR and
BUS topology.
 It is difficult to configure.
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46. For example
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47. Mesh topology
 In mesh topology every computer
directly connected to every other
computer on the network.
 Mesh topology used in WAN.
 The installation of mesh topology is
difficult.
 Its performance is not affected with the
heavy transmission of data.
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48. For example
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49. Protocols
 Protocols are the rules to exchange data
between two devices.
Types of Protocols:
 Ethernet
 Token Ring
 ARCnet
 DSL
 TCP/IP
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50. Ethernet
 Its is most commonly used in LAN
protocols.
 Ethernet is used in BUS topology with
high speed network cable.
 It is relatively simple and cheaper.
 All the computer in Ethernet using same
cable to send or receive data.
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51. Ethernet cable Ethernet converter
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52. Token ring
 Token ring passing protocols is used in
ring topology.
 A token is an electronic signal.
 The token ring is associated with IBM
(international Business Machines)
 Which worked with the concept of ring
network
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53. Token passing technology
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54. ARCnet
 Arc net stands for Attached Resource
Computer Network.
 It used either pair or co-axial cable.
 The original ARCnet protocol was very
slow
 ARCnet is inexpensive, reliable, easy to
setup and easy to expand
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55. sadadasdasd
Co-axial cable
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56. TCP/IP
 TCP/IP stand for Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
 It is WAN protocol.
 Two different types of computer
connect each other using this
protocol.
 TCP/IP differs for different
computers.
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57. ISDN
 ISDN stands for Integrated Services
Digital Network.
 ISDN modem is different from dial up
modem
 It provides better transmission rate
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58. ISDN MODEM DAIL-UP MODEM
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59. DSL
 DSL stands for Digital Subscribe Line.
 It provides high speed transmission of
data over telephone line.
 It is alternative of isdn modem.
 Its is use every where in office, homes
etc.
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60. DSL MODEM
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61.  Summary of Presentation
What is network?
Uses of networks
History of networking
Types 0f networking
How networks are structured?
Network Topologies
Network Protocols
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