SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 8
By: Esther Wachs Book

FEELING CONFIDENT LANGUAGE CENTER
www.fclc.url.ph
• Between reading, writing, math, social studies, and
science, there's a lot of material for your child to know.
Here's how to help him absorb it all.
• 1. Get the details:
"Studies have shown that parents can have a long-term
impact on memory development by including many
questions and specifics in conversations about past
events with their children," says researcher Catherine
Haden, Ph.D., an associate professor of psychology at
Loyola University Chicago. When you talk about a recent
trip to the circus, for instance, ask your child, "What was
your favorite act?" or "What did the big top look like?" Fill
in the details if he can't provide them.
• 2. Play memory games.
The card game Concentration and toys such as
Simon
and Bop It are good ones. In the car, try
games like "I'm
going on a picnic, and I'm taking . . .
," in which everyone has a turn adding an item and
repeating the
ones said previously.
• 3. Suggest strategies:
Look for memory tricks that can help your child.
For example, when you teach left and right, have her
hold up both hands in the shape of an L. The hand
with the
forward-facing L is the left one. To help her
recall how to read a word with two consecutive
vowels, tell her,
"When two vowels go walking, the
first does the
talking."
• 4. Divide and conquer:
If your child has to memorize a short poem or
some lines in a class play, have him break the task
down into parts and work on the toughest sections
first.
• 5. Practice, practice, practice:
Offer to quiz your child on her spelling words or
multiplication tables. Try repeating the numbers
aloud
with her to make them easier to recall.
After testing her on spelling, have her highlight and
rewrite the difficult
words. Once your child
realizes that memory is an
active process, she'll
feel smarter and more confident
that she can
tackle tricky topics.
www.fclc.url.ph

More Related Content

What's hot

Early Literacy Strategies
Early Literacy StrategiesEarly Literacy Strategies
Early Literacy StrategiesJclark65
 
Susie Almaneih: Making The Most Of Reading Time Together
Susie Almaneih: Making The Most Of Reading Time TogetherSusie Almaneih: Making The Most Of Reading Time Together
Susie Almaneih: Making The Most Of Reading Time TogetherSusie Almaneih
 
Gardner Osborne Acquaintance Night 2016
Gardner Osborne Acquaintance Night 2016Gardner Osborne Acquaintance Night 2016
Gardner Osborne Acquaintance Night 2016Kylie Gardner
 
Language and Literacy
Language and LiteracyLanguage and Literacy
Language and Literacydulcmeli
 
Emergent Literacy
Emergent LiteracyEmergent Literacy
Emergent Literacylesandell
 
Raising Strong Readers Slideshow
Raising Strong Readers SlideshowRaising Strong Readers Slideshow
Raising Strong Readers Slideshowharvardgraduateppe
 
Theories of learning and early literacy
Theories of learning and early literacyTheories of learning and early literacy
Theories of learning and early literacyAmory Boringot
 
Every Child Ready to Read - 2nd edition
Every Child Ready to Read - 2nd editionEvery Child Ready to Read - 2nd edition
Every Child Ready to Read - 2nd editionJessica Chamberlain
 
Emergent literacy
Emergent literacyEmergent literacy
Emergent literacyktcraft0327
 
Early Years Learning at the British International School of Boston
Early Years Learning at the British International School of BostonEarly Years Learning at the British International School of Boston
Early Years Learning at the British International School of BostonDCurtis333
 
Chap. 5 theories of literacy development
Chap. 5 theories of literacy developmentChap. 5 theories of literacy development
Chap. 5 theories of literacy developmentTele Caster
 
Language and literacy
Language and literacyLanguage and literacy
Language and literacyFlorAnna2
 
Autumn term parents
Autumn term parentsAutumn term parents
Autumn term parentsstpetersrcuk
 

What's hot (18)

Early Literacy Strategies
Early Literacy StrategiesEarly Literacy Strategies
Early Literacy Strategies
 
Susie Almaneih: Making The Most Of Reading Time Together
Susie Almaneih: Making The Most Of Reading Time TogetherSusie Almaneih: Making The Most Of Reading Time Together
Susie Almaneih: Making The Most Of Reading Time Together
 
READING READINESS
READING READINESSREADING READINESS
READING READINESS
 
Emergent Literacy
Emergent LiteracyEmergent Literacy
Emergent Literacy
 
Gardner Osborne Acquaintance Night 2016
Gardner Osborne Acquaintance Night 2016Gardner Osborne Acquaintance Night 2016
Gardner Osborne Acquaintance Night 2016
 
What is Every Child Ready to Read?
What is Every Child Ready to Read?What is Every Child Ready to Read?
What is Every Child Ready to Read?
 
Language and Literacy
Language and LiteracyLanguage and Literacy
Language and Literacy
 
Emergent Literacy
Emergent LiteracyEmergent Literacy
Emergent Literacy
 
Raising Strong Readers Slideshow
Raising Strong Readers SlideshowRaising Strong Readers Slideshow
Raising Strong Readers Slideshow
 
Theories of learning and early literacy
Theories of learning and early literacyTheories of learning and early literacy
Theories of learning and early literacy
 
Every Child Ready to Read - 2nd edition
Every Child Ready to Read - 2nd editionEvery Child Ready to Read - 2nd edition
Every Child Ready to Read - 2nd edition
 
Emergent literacy
Emergent literacyEmergent literacy
Emergent literacy
 
Early Years Learning at the British International School of Boston
Early Years Learning at the British International School of BostonEarly Years Learning at the British International School of Boston
Early Years Learning at the British International School of Boston
 
Storytime&Early Literacy
Storytime&Early LiteracyStorytime&Early Literacy
Storytime&Early Literacy
 
Chap. 5 theories of literacy development
Chap. 5 theories of literacy developmentChap. 5 theories of literacy development
Chap. 5 theories of literacy development
 
Unit 1
Unit 1Unit 1
Unit 1
 
Language and literacy
Language and literacyLanguage and literacy
Language and literacy
 
Autumn term parents
Autumn term parentsAutumn term parents
Autumn term parents
 

Similar to 5 ways to boost your child's brainpower

Teaching storytelling through varied learning styles big books (1)
Teaching storytelling through varied learning styles   big books (1)Teaching storytelling through varied learning styles   big books (1)
Teaching storytelling through varied learning styles big books (1)Genevieve Cavaiani
 
Assessment ppt ict module copy
Assessment ppt ict module   copyAssessment ppt ict module   copy
Assessment ppt ict module copyp139722
 
Sharing books in the Early Years (EYFS)
Sharing books in the Early Years (EYFS)Sharing books in the Early Years (EYFS)
Sharing books in the Early Years (EYFS)Sammy Fugler
 
Foundation Stage Curriculum Expectations Presentation
Foundation Stage Curriculum Expectations PresentationFoundation Stage Curriculum Expectations Presentation
Foundation Stage Curriculum Expectations PresentationSandygate
 
Mops presentation
Mops presentationMops presentation
Mops presentationskowald
 
Reading Evening
Reading Evening Reading Evening
Reading Evening Steve Lung
 
Ready To Read For Fr4 K Coaches
Ready To Read For Fr4 K CoachesReady To Read For Fr4 K Coaches
Ready To Read For Fr4 K Coachesdjminimart
 
Educ 457 Lesson Plan #1: Introduction to Worms
Educ 457 Lesson Plan #1: Introduction to WormsEduc 457 Lesson Plan #1: Introduction to Worms
Educ 457 Lesson Plan #1: Introduction to WormsAshley Ambers
 
Developing language
Developing languageDeveloping language
Developing languageCarla Piper
 
Kindergarten Cognition
Kindergarten Cognition Kindergarten Cognition
Kindergarten Cognition Jordan Berry
 
· Promotions· Flyers· Email· Social Media· Advertising· .docx
· Promotions· Flyers· Email· Social Media· Advertising· .docx· Promotions· Flyers· Email· Social Media· Advertising· .docx
· Promotions· Flyers· Email· Social Media· Advertising· .docxalinainglis
 
Brandon.every child, every day.2014
Brandon.every child, every day.2014Brandon.every child, every day.2014
Brandon.every child, every day.2014Faye Brownlie
 
Curriculum evening pp reception
Curriculum evening pp receptionCurriculum evening pp reception
Curriculum evening pp receptions52dmartindale
 
Progressive Education 20th Century
Progressive Education 20th CenturyProgressive Education 20th Century
Progressive Education 20th Centurydrburwell
 
Primary age children 1st grade
Primary age children 1st gradePrimary age children 1st grade
Primary age children 1st gradelopezNO
 

Similar to 5 ways to boost your child's brainpower (20)

Teaching storytelling through varied learning styles big books (1)
Teaching storytelling through varied learning styles   big books (1)Teaching storytelling through varied learning styles   big books (1)
Teaching storytelling through varied learning styles big books (1)
 
Assessment ppt ict module copy
Assessment ppt ict module   copyAssessment ppt ict module   copy
Assessment ppt ict module copy
 
Sharing books in the Early Years (EYFS)
Sharing books in the Early Years (EYFS)Sharing books in the Early Years (EYFS)
Sharing books in the Early Years (EYFS)
 
Heutagogy for Primary Schools
Heutagogy for Primary SchoolsHeutagogy for Primary Schools
Heutagogy for Primary Schools
 
Foundation Stage Curriculum Expectations Presentation
Foundation Stage Curriculum Expectations PresentationFoundation Stage Curriculum Expectations Presentation
Foundation Stage Curriculum Expectations Presentation
 
Teachingouryoungest(1)
Teachingouryoungest(1)Teachingouryoungest(1)
Teachingouryoungest(1)
 
Mops presentation
Mops presentationMops presentation
Mops presentation
 
Planning4
Planning4Planning4
Planning4
 
Reading Evening
Reading Evening Reading Evening
Reading Evening
 
Teaching young learners
Teaching young learnersTeaching young learners
Teaching young learners
 
Ready To Read For Fr4 K Coaches
Ready To Read For Fr4 K CoachesReady To Read For Fr4 K Coaches
Ready To Read For Fr4 K Coaches
 
Educ 457 Lesson Plan #1: Introduction to Worms
Educ 457 Lesson Plan #1: Introduction to WormsEduc 457 Lesson Plan #1: Introduction to Worms
Educ 457 Lesson Plan #1: Introduction to Worms
 
Developing language
Developing languageDeveloping language
Developing language
 
Elisenia_Centeno_Feature Story_
Elisenia_Centeno_Feature Story_Elisenia_Centeno_Feature Story_
Elisenia_Centeno_Feature Story_
 
Kindergarten Cognition
Kindergarten Cognition Kindergarten Cognition
Kindergarten Cognition
 
· Promotions· Flyers· Email· Social Media· Advertising· .docx
· Promotions· Flyers· Email· Social Media· Advertising· .docx· Promotions· Flyers· Email· Social Media· Advertising· .docx
· Promotions· Flyers· Email· Social Media· Advertising· .docx
 
Brandon.every child, every day.2014
Brandon.every child, every day.2014Brandon.every child, every day.2014
Brandon.every child, every day.2014
 
Curriculum evening pp reception
Curriculum evening pp receptionCurriculum evening pp reception
Curriculum evening pp reception
 
Progressive Education 20th Century
Progressive Education 20th CenturyProgressive Education 20th Century
Progressive Education 20th Century
 
Primary age children 1st grade
Primary age children 1st gradePrimary age children 1st grade
Primary age children 1st grade
 

Recently uploaded

ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfVanessa Camilleri
 
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptxmary850239
 
Activity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translation
Activity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translationActivity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translation
Activity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translationRosabel UA
 
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)lakshayb543
 
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...Postal Advocate Inc.
 
ENG 5 Q4 WEEk 1 DAY 1 Restate sentences heard in one’s own words. Use appropr...
ENG 5 Q4 WEEk 1 DAY 1 Restate sentences heard in one’s own words. Use appropr...ENG 5 Q4 WEEk 1 DAY 1 Restate sentences heard in one’s own words. Use appropr...
ENG 5 Q4 WEEk 1 DAY 1 Restate sentences heard in one’s own words. Use appropr...JojoEDelaCruz
 
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONTHEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONHumphrey A Beña
 
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdfInclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdfTechSoup
 
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4JOYLYNSAMANIEGO
 
Transaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management SystemTransaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management SystemChristalin Nelson
 
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...JhezDiaz1
 
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdfVirtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdfErwinPantujan2
 
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxINTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxHumphrey A Beña
 
Full Stack Web Development Course for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course  for BeginnersFull Stack Web Development Course  for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course for BeginnersSabitha Banu
 
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture honsFood processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture honsManeerUddin
 

Recently uploaded (20)

ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
 
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx
 
Activity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translation
Activity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translationActivity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translation
Activity 2-unit 2-update 2024. English translation
 
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)
Visit to a blind student's school🧑‍🦯🧑‍🦯(community medicine)
 
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
USPS® Forced Meter Migration - How to Know if Your Postage Meter Will Soon be...
 
ENG 5 Q4 WEEk 1 DAY 1 Restate sentences heard in one’s own words. Use appropr...
ENG 5 Q4 WEEk 1 DAY 1 Restate sentences heard in one’s own words. Use appropr...ENG 5 Q4 WEEk 1 DAY 1 Restate sentences heard in one’s own words. Use appropr...
ENG 5 Q4 WEEk 1 DAY 1 Restate sentences heard in one’s own words. Use appropr...
 
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONTHEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
 
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdfInclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
Inclusivity Essentials_ Creating Accessible Websites for Nonprofits .pdf
 
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
 
Transaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management SystemTransaction Management in Database Management System
Transaction Management in Database Management System
 
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
ENGLISH 7_Q4_LESSON 2_ Employing a Variety of Strategies for Effective Interp...
 
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
HỌC TỐT TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH GLOBAL SUCCESS ĐÁP ÁN CHI TIẾT - CẢ NĂ...
 
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptxYOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
 
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptxLEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
 
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdfVirtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
Virtual-Orientation-on-the-Administration-of-NATG12-NATG6-and-ELLNA.pdf
 
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxINTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
 
Full Stack Web Development Course for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course  for BeginnersFull Stack Web Development Course  for Beginners
Full Stack Web Development Course for Beginners
 
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
Field Attribute Index Feature in Odoo 17
 
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
Difference Between Search & Browse Methods in Odoo 17
 
Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture honsFood processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
Food processing presentation for bsc agriculture hons
 

5 ways to boost your child's brainpower

  • 1. By: Esther Wachs Book FEELING CONFIDENT LANGUAGE CENTER www.fclc.url.ph
  • 2. • Between reading, writing, math, social studies, and science, there's a lot of material for your child to know. Here's how to help him absorb it all.
  • 3. • 1. Get the details: "Studies have shown that parents can have a long-term impact on memory development by including many questions and specifics in conversations about past events with their children," says researcher Catherine Haden, Ph.D., an associate professor of psychology at Loyola University Chicago. When you talk about a recent trip to the circus, for instance, ask your child, "What was your favorite act?" or "What did the big top look like?" Fill in the details if he can't provide them.
  • 4. • 2. Play memory games. The card game Concentration and toys such as Simon and Bop It are good ones. In the car, try games like "I'm going on a picnic, and I'm taking . . . ," in which everyone has a turn adding an item and repeating the ones said previously.
  • 5. • 3. Suggest strategies: Look for memory tricks that can help your child. For example, when you teach left and right, have her hold up both hands in the shape of an L. The hand with the forward-facing L is the left one. To help her recall how to read a word with two consecutive vowels, tell her, "When two vowels go walking, the first does the talking."
  • 6. • 4. Divide and conquer: If your child has to memorize a short poem or some lines in a class play, have him break the task down into parts and work on the toughest sections first.
  • 7. • 5. Practice, practice, practice: Offer to quiz your child on her spelling words or multiplication tables. Try repeating the numbers aloud with her to make them easier to recall. After testing her on spelling, have her highlight and rewrite the difficult words. Once your child realizes that memory is an active process, she'll feel smarter and more confident that she can tackle tricky topics.