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Boston Library Consortium Webinar Part 1, Accessibility of AAPB for Academic Libraries
- 1. WELCOME PART 1 OF 2 WEBINARS March 2, 2018 Jessica Hardin Program Coordinator, BLC jhardin@blc.org Casey Davis Kaufman Associate Director,WGBH Media Library and Archives Project Manager, AAPB casey_davis-kaufman@wgbh.org Ryn Marchese Engagement and Use Manager, AAPB ryn_marchese@wgbh.org “Accessibility of AAPB in Academic Libraries”
- 2. a collaboration between the Library of Congress and WGBH Seeking to preserve and make accessible significant historical content created by public media, and to coordinate a national effort to save at-risk public media before its content is lost to posterity. Missio n:
- 3. Packard Campus for Audio Visual Conservation
- 4. WGBH Educational Foundation American Archive of Public Broadcasting
- 6. Goals Coordinate a national effort to preserve and make accessible as much significant public broadcasting materials as possible Become a focal point for discoverability Provide standards and best practices for storing, processing, preserving, and making accessible historical content Facilitate the use of archival content by scholars, educators, students, journalists, media producers, researchers, and the public Increase public awareness of the significance of historical public media and the need to preserve it and make it accessible
- 7. Background Identified more than 3 million items kept at stations, archives, producers, university collections across the country dating back to the 1950s 2.5 million inventory records from 120 stations CPB Digitization Project - 40,000 hours of digital material initially from more than 100 stations Selection of the “Permanent Home”
- 8. More than 50,000 hours of digitized and born digital material from over 100 public broadcasting stations and organizations Website launched October 2015 >31,000 streaming video and audio files in an Online Reading Room (36% of full collection) Public access to the full collection of video and audio on-site at WGBH and the Library of Congress >2.5 million inventory records from 120 stations The AAPB Collection www.americanarchive.org
- 9. Imperative Need The audiovisual records of the 20th century are increasingly at risk. The 2012 National Recording Preservation Plan stated that “many endangered analog formats must be digitized within the next 15 or 20 years before further degradation makes preservation efforts all but impossible.” As this report was years in the making, we may now have no more than 10 to 15 years to preserve this material. Moreover, “audiovisual materials are the fastest-growing segment of our nation’s archives and special collections,” as reported by the Library of Congress.
- 10. 20+ years ago… Public television has been responsible for the production, broadcast, and dissemination of some of the most important programs which in aggregate form the richest audiovisual source of cultural history in the United States. . . . [I]t is still not easy to overstate the immense cultural value of this unique audiovisual legacy, whose loss would symbolize one of the great conflagrations of our age, tantamount to the burning of Alexandria’s library in the age of antiquity. -Television and Video Preservation (1997), a Library of Congress report
- 11. Cultural heritage at stake “I’ve long been frustrated…gaining access to the vast audiovisual record of my period.” ”Working to document recent American history without access to the pictures has been a real challenge.” “Key historical moments and events are lost to us forever.”
- 12. AAPB Collaboration Shared Responsibilities – Overall governance – Policy – Collection development – Ingest – Rights decisions Preservation Access & Outreach
- 13. A Centralized Web Portal for Discovery All AAPB digitized content discoverable through single searches Direct links to public media on other sites (KUHT, Louisiana Public Broadcasting, Minnesota Public Radio, WNYC) One-stop shopping Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) as a model Helps solve the separate silos syndrome for search and discovery
- 14. Access via the AAPB Other Access Points FIX IT, FIX IT+, and ROLL THE CREDITS All metadata available via an API Transcripts for materials in the Online Reading Room available via an API ORR harvested and accessible via the Digital Public Library of America Social media accounts often highlight collections, stations, or themes of interest On Location Access Available to researchers who visit WGBH and the Library of Congress Online Reading Room Access Available within the U.S. for research, educational and informational purposes (download not authorized) Behind firewall subject to terms of use In a category approved by counsel as fair use Streaming only Subject to notice and takedown policy Certain materials not available online are accessible via password-protected two-week access for bona fide research purposes
- 15. Online Reading Room (ORR) ORR totals more than 31,000 programs available to anyone in the United States Online access in accordance with the copyright law of the United States, including the legal doctrine of fair use Access for research, educational, and informational purposes only Inclusion in the ORR determined by analysis of types of programs and examination of individual series and programs
- 17. Metadata • Titles • Contributing Organization • Identifiers • Description • Date • Asset Type • Genres • Creators • Contributors • Publishers • Media Type • Copyright • Duration
- 20. Curated Exhibits Curators contextualize digitized primary and secondary source public television and radio materials. Each curated set of selected recordings present a diversity of perspectives concerning the exhibit's focus. http://americanarchive.org/exhibits
- 23. Special Collections Each Special Collection provides detailed information about the content, such as its creator, recommended search strategies, and related resources. http://americanarchive.org/sp ecial_collections
- 26. Incoming Collections PBS NewsHour Digitization Project Peabody Awards Digitization Project National Educational Television Collection Catalog Project Riverside Radio WRVR Digitization Project
- 27. Other new collection s • CUNY-TV: Magazines and public affairs programs produced by CUNY-TV • KBOO-FM: Community radio from Portland, Oregon from KBOO-FM • New Hampshire Public Radio: 86 interviews and speeches from candidates in New Hampshire presidential primaries from 1996 to 2012 • Southern California Public Radio: Award-winning stories chronicling endangered species and environmental issues in California • Vision Maker Media: Native American films for public broadcasting • WNET: 67 NET programs • Firing Line: metadata with URLs to online media from Stanford University
- 28. Public Broadcasting Preservation Fellowship
- 29. AAPB can be of value for scholarship because of... Geographical breadth • to uncover ways that national and global processes played out on the local scene Chronological reach • to document change (or stasis) over time
- 30. Documents... national history regional history local history news public affairs civic affairs religion social issues science education environmental issues music art literature filmmaking dance poetry
- 31. Genres… debates coverage of events educational lectures news reports call-in radio shows documentaries local news and culture magazines talk shows panel discussions interviews instructional programming
- 32. The Importance of Local History ... “emphasis on diversity” “the history of the nation is many different stories, no one of which can be considered the ‘main’ story” a “skepticism about finding common definitions of American nationalism or discovering common values” among many historians of the 1960s and 1970s History from the bottom up - Alan Brinkley, Political Historian
- 33. The Importance of Local History for... “relating “national experiences to larger processes and local resolutions.” - Thomas Bender Rethinking American History in a Global Age (2002)
- 34. AAPB can be of value for scholarship because of… scholarship pertaining to the period of 1973 onwards is “limited, fragmentary, and politically conflicted” for the 1980s, “the archival and monographic work … has not yet been done” accounts about the 1990s and later have “not really been history” - Kim Phillips-Fein, “1973 to the Present,” in American History Now (2011)
- 35. AAPB can be of value for scholarship because of... Geographical breadth • to uncover ways that national and global processes played out on the local scene Chronological reach • to document change (or stasis) over time
- 36. News Magazines More than 2,600 assets available in the ORR More than 7,331 in the collection Covering 25 states Over 39 organizations From the 1970s – present
- 37. News Reports • Channel 17 Reports (Buffalo) • The Evening Compass (Boston) • Iowa Press • MPR News (Minnesota) • National Native News (Alaska) • New Jersey Nightly News • Newscheck (Southern California) • Newsnight Maryland • Ten O’Clock News (Boston)
- 38. Call-in Radio Shows 2,941 Assets Importance: local programs call out topics of importance with the community members speaking to those issues during that period.
- 39. Documentaries Moving Image 1,460 Sound 250 Top five topics: History – 546 Local Communities – 471 Nature – 175 Social Issues - 163 Race and Ethnicity – 127
- 40. Unedited interviews 6000+ interviews and other raw materials Importance: provides raw, full-length accounts with historical figures and witnesses of historic events, of which only minutes are incorporated into the edited films
- 42. THANK YOU!
Editor's Notes
- Hello and welcome to the first of two webinars hosted by the Boston Library Consortium and the American Archive of Public Broadcasting. Today we’re going to give general overview of the AAPB and then jump into how it can be an accessible resource for academic libraries. My name is Ryn Marchese, I am the Engagement and Use Manager of the AAPB, I’m joined by Casey Davis-Kaufman who is the Project Manager of the AAPB, as well as the Associate Director of the WGBH Media Library and Archives. We’re also joined by Boston Library Consortium’s Program Coordinator (pause) Jessica Hardin. Okay, passing the mic over to Casey, she’s going to give an overview on the creation of the AAPB.
- CASEY
- CASEY ... a collaboration between the Library of Congress… Responsible for the long-term preservation
- CASEY and WGBH in Boston to preserve and make accessible significant public radio and television programs before they are lost to posterity.
- CASEY Not only are we a collaboration with the LOC and WGBH, but we are a collaboration between 100 participating stations across the nation.
- CASEY Reminder of goals: Our primary objective is to preserve public media and assure discoverability and access through a coordinated national effort. In doing this, we support content creators and current stewards of the materials, and facilitate the use of historical public broadcasting by researchers, educators, students, and others.
- CASEY
- CASEY Stations that participated in the inventory had the opportunity to choose items to be digitized – items important to them, or items that the only way they might find out what it is is by digitizing and watching or listening to it. The collection now consists of 50,000 hours of content from over 100 organizations and much of the material is local content creating a quilt of content from across the country. We have been adding content and we launched a website in Oct 2015.
- CASEY Karen: Any magnetic tape that is storing video signals, or even data, is subject to decay. A study conducted recently stated that the audiovisual records of the 20th century are increasingly at risk. We have roughly 10 years to preserve this material before this recorded historic moments are lost. And as we all know – every picture or sound tells a story, it’s own story, very different from a writer’s interpretation that one gets from an article or book..
- CASEY Value of Public Television and Radio
- CASEY Scholars who have supported our work have repeatedly complained about the lack of access to audiovisual materials. A historian of the civil rights movement has written to us, “I have long been frustrated by difficulty [of] gaining access to the vast audiovisual record of my period.” A media historian similarly writes that public broadcasting programs, “remain locked in the collections of its many member stations . . . Bringing them out of obscurity . . . would be an immense boon to scholars not only of media history but of the era as well.”
- CASEY The AAPB functions with mutual respect and cooperation between the Library and WGBH. The Library is responsible for long term preservation of the digital files. WGBH is responsible for maintaining the website for access, and outreach to participating organizations and users. We share responsibilities for the overall health of the AAPB, policies around access and use, collection development, ingest of files and decision around rights.
- CASEY AAPB hopes to provide a centralized web portal of discovery where researchers, educators, students – really anyone – can find relevant public broadcasting programs existing either on our own site or on sites belonging to other archives and stations. With approximately 1,250 public radio and television stations in existence, one access point will aid scholars interested in researching how national or even international topics have been covered in divergent localities over the past 60+ years. AAPB has made a start at becoming that portal. If stations and archives operating their own websites will send us metadata, we will provide direct links from AAPB to digitized files on the other sites. For a researcher, this would be one-stop shopping. This is how the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) operates, and we plan soon to make AAPB files accessible through searches on the DPLA website as well as on our own. We want to help solve the separate silos syndrome.
- RYN Thank you for the overview, Casey! There are three main ways the public can access our collection: The first is on-location access available to researchers who visit WGBH in Boston or the Library of Congress in Washington DC. In addition, we have our Online Reading Room or what we call the ORR. We provide public online access to currently 31,000 items, and we continue to grow what’s available online– as I’ll speak to later. We understand that not every researcher can not come to either the WGBH or LOC for access to the full collection, so we also provide a two-week password protected link for bona fide research purposes. Other ways to access and engage with the collection includes our crowdsourcing games and tools such as FIX IT -- this game uses speech-to-text transcripts and allows volunteers to correct the grammatical errors, and ROLL THE CREDITS, a collaboration with Zooniverse to catalogue and classify vital information presented within the credits of television programs. This information is directly added to the AAPB making it more accessible and searchable. Next we provide APIs for our metadata and speech-to-text transcripts. These are excellent data sets for scholars to explore trends and topics covered in the collection. In addition, our ORR is available through the DPLA. Keep tabs on our social media accounts because we are often launching new new exhibits and collections, as well as highlighting stations and materials that’s we’re still discovering.
- RYN Taking a closer look at the Online Reading Room. Launched in 2015, The AAPB Online Reading Room provides access to digitized video and audio archival materials in the collection for research, educational, and informational purposes. We continually add programs to the ORR. Online access is in accordance with the copyright law of the United States, including the legal doctrine of fair use. Inclusion in the ORR is determined by analysis of types of programs and examination of individual series and programs.
- RYN When users enter the Online Reading Room, they are prompted with a Rule of Use page in which they must agree to to then use the collection.
- RYN As Casey mentioned earlier, the metadata is a key source of searchability for our archive. Among the list of metadata tags we aggregate from participating stations, these are the categories we have accessible to users when viewing asset records. When we have this information, it is searchable and accessible on every record, even the non-digitized records. In this case, although we do not have that content digitized and available, we’re happy to direct those scholars to the participating station to discuss how their non-digitized programs can be accessed.
- Putting that all together, this is the Online Reading Room’s main search page. You can limit your search by media type, a specific genre, topic, organization, or year. And continuing the conversation on accessibility, these are the three points of access you need to pay attention to. Available Online is all the content users can view online. All digitized is the content research can access on-location or via the Limited Research password protected link, and the “All Records” are records that note
- To make programs easier to use in the classroom, we have created a number of topic-based curated exhibits that organize local and national broadcasts into subtopics and provide contextual information.
- RYN American Archive of Public Broadcasting staff and guest curators create exhibits of selected recordings that focus on themes, topics, and events of cultural and historical significance. In the exhibits, curators contextualize digitized primary and secondary source public television and radio materials. Each curated set of selected recordings present a diversity of perspectives concerning the exhibit's focus. We are about to launch a new exhibit titled “Protecting Places: Historic Preservation and Public Broadcasting”. Other topics include public medias coverage of the Southern Civil Rights Movement, Presidential elections, climate change,protests, and the format of the news magazine. We’re always in the market for exhibit ideas, so after perusing the site, feel free to reach out about exhibits you would like to see in the future. *We also provide Digital Exhibit Internships if you know anyone who might be interested!
- RYN This past November we launched the Watergate Hearings, the first exhibit made available to the public to include near complete coverage the the hearings. In November we made available online for the first time public television’s nearly complete coverage of the 1973 Senate Watergate and 1974 House impeachment hearings. The coverage, acclaimed for its even-handedness, brought together for the first time as a team anchors Robert MacNeil and Jim Lehrer, and in the words of Lehrer became a “watershed event” that solidified the place of news and public affairs programming on public television. The exhibit was curated by Library of Congress Junior Fellow Amanda Reichenbach, a history major at Yale. Jim Lehrer reviewed Amanda’s essay that put the coverage into historical context and commented, “It is as terrific as it is accurate.”
- As another amazing resource for educator curricula and scholars is our Special Collections, in which we feature notable collections and provide collection-level description about digitized materials often from a specific television or radio series.
- RYN We launched this part of our site in November with raw interviews from Ken Burns’ The Civil War series, as well as Eyes on the Prize featuring interviews conducted with participants in the American Civil Rights movement during the years from the mid-1950s through to 1965, and raw interviews from American Masters -- interviews conducted with luminaries discussing America’s most enduring artistic and cultural giants. Next week we’ll launch two new collections. One with programs from the National Association of Educational Broadcasters – the predecessor of NPR. And the other collection featuring the Woman Series from the 1970s – produced by WNED in NY, it was a public affairs talk show series focused on issues important to woman.
- RYN Diving in a bit deeper in the collections, here’s a quick view of the Eyes on the Prize homepage. There’s something to be said about watching ordinary people talking about the moment they made history like Rosa Parks, Coretta Scott King, and Melba Beals – one of the original children of the Little Rick Nine.
- And something worth noting, both Eyes on the Prize and Ken Burns’ Civil War interviews have transcripts accompanying the interviews, and with our crowdsourcing games, we’re working on creating more transcripts.
- RYN During the past year, we’ve launched 4 new projects to grow the archive. Thanks to 2 CLIR grants, we have begun to digitize and will make available on our website the complete PBS NewsHour series from 1975 through 2007, all the programs that currently exist on obsolete formats. And, we are creating a national catalog of records describing pre-PBS programs from the 1950’s and 1960’s that were distributed over NET. There is still much much to do, and the AAPB collection is growing! In fact, we plan to add approximately 25,000 hours of new content each year to the AAPB collection. We’re also collaborating with Riverside Church in the City of New York, to support the digitization recordings from WRVR-FM’s 1961-1971 broadcasts, including metadata. The including interviews, speeches, and musical interpretations on matters like civil rights, war, and fine arts, including speeches from Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and Pete Seeger, enhancing study in many disciplines, including theology/religion, political science, music, and communications, especially related to American Christianity, progressive responses to the Civil Rights movement, contemporary issues of race and sexuality, cultural impact of the 1960s, and public radio as a tool for cultural engagement and social media precursor. Additionally, funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, we’re working with the University of Georgia to begin digitizing the Peabody Awards Collection, including programs produced by public radio and television stations from 1941 to 1999 and submitted to the George Foster Peabody Awards. The best of the best.
- RYN These are other new collections you can access online. There is still much much to do. As Casey said, these are just a drop in bucket when it comes to content we hope to preserve in the future, in fact, we plan to add approximately 25,000 hours of new content each year to the AAPB collection. - - - AG: There is still much much to do. So the AAPB collection is growing! In fact, we plan to add approximately 25,000 hours of new content each year to the AAPB collection.
- RYN Just as our mission is to help preserve, we’re also focused on passing that knowledge on. We are working with stations and library schools to train the next generation of archivists to properly manage this material. 2 grants from IMLS have allowed us to create fellowships around digital preservation. This newest program will allow student interns to be paid to learn how to digitize a/v materials. The chosen content will come from public media stations and organizations, and the digital files will be contributed to the AAPB.
- RYN The scope and value of AAPB is based on it’s geographical and chronological depth. It has documented our nation’s history both at the national and global level through the voices of public media from each era, covering topics that have not yet been addressed by scholars. - - - AG: There is much hidden history that was captured by public media, he came to realize, that has yet to be addressed by scholars.
- RYN These are some of the issues and topics documented by public media in the archive. This includes local news and public affairs programs, local history productions that document the heritage of local communities, and programs dealing with education, environmental issues, music, art, literature, dance, poetry, religion, and even filmmaking on a local level.
- RYN In addition to topics, these are genres included within the archive. Again, the lens in-which these genres are presented gives the archive it’s depth and historical significance. These are local voices talking about specific places in real time and in some cases, reflecting on global influences.
- RYN Expanding on that idea, the American Archive contains a wealth of material produced locally for local audiences. These programs represent an untapped important resource. During the 1960s and 1970s, many historians began to focus on social history, a history from the bottom up, instead of on national elites. This “emphasis on diversity,” as Alan Brinkley puts it, presumed “that the history of the nation is many different stories, no one of which can be considered the ‘main’ story.”
- More recently, some historians also have advocated for integrating the national story into wider contexts. The goal is to relate “national experiences to larger processes and also to local resolutions,” as Thomas Bender.
- RYN The material in the collection is especially important because of the era it reflects. There remains much basic excavation and interpretive work in recent American history for the present generation of scholars to accomplish. A recent essay noted that American history scholarship pertaining to the period of 1973 onwards is “limited, fragmentary, and politically conflicted.” Accounts about later periods, the Phillips-Fein concluded, have “not really been history.”
- <THIS IS A REPEAT SLIDE, SO I THINK WE CAN DELETE IT> RYN In summary, the scope and value of AAPB is based on it’s geographically and chronically depth. It has documented our nation’s history both at the national and global level. - - - AG: There is much hidden history that was captured by public media, he came to realize, that has yet to be addressed by scholars.
- RYN Expanding on this importance of seeing and hearing national issues on the local scene, our collection can be especially valuable to scholars in that it provides news, public affairs, and cultural programming from the past 70 years on local topics. Using News Magazines as an example topic, there are more than … - - - Example Genres for local history research AG: Our collection can be especially valuable to scholars in that it provides news, public affairs, and cultural programming from the past 70 years on local topics.
- RYN A digital historian remarked after surveying the collection that it has great potential to uncover events, concerns, issues, and social movements on the local scene that have not yet made it into the larger historical narrative. - - - AG: A digital historian remarked after surveying the collection that it has great potential to uncover events, concerns, issues, and social movements on the local scene that have not yet made it into the larger historical narrative.
- Call-in radio shows are another example of how public media has documented not only the topics of importance in local communities over the past 70+ years but also how their community members felt about them. Call-in radio shows in the collection often cover a topic or issue and allow for listeners to “call-in” and voice their opinions or concerns about the topic.
- Also, since this content was created mostly for local audiences, it’s interesting to see how issues are covered in divergent localities through local documentaries. Documentaries on historical events provide an historiographical resource to show how journalists and scholars interpreted them during a time period in history.
- Also, since this content was created mostly for local audiences, it’s interesting to see how issues are covered in divergent localities through local documentaries. Documentaries on historical events provide an historiographical resource to show how journalists and scholars interpreted them during a time period in history.
- RYN Please engage with us! Share what you find or discover something new, we love to hear from you no matter what.
- Our goal is to not only provide access and discoverability to the collection, but also long term preservation.