1.
Ir.
Dr.
Rosdiadee
Nordin
Faculty
of
Engineering
and
Built
Environment
Universi<
Kebangsaan
Malaysia
Internet
of
Things:
Current
Trends
&
Future
Direc6ons
in
Malaysia
:
adee@ukm.edu.my
:
hDps://sites.google.com/site/rosdiadee/
:
hDp://my.linkedin.com/pub/rosdiadee-­‐nordin

2. Innova<on
in
electronic
fabrica<ons,
affordable
Internet-­‐connected
sensors,
improvement
in
Internet
connec<vity
and
adop<on
of
smart
devices
are
four
key
elements
that
are
driving
the
explosion
of
the
Internet
of
Things
(IoT).
By
2020,
it
is
expected
that
33
billion
of
objects
will
be
connected
via
the
Internet
(ra<o
of
1
user
:
4.12
objects)
and
brings
$14
trillion
of
economic
benefit
globally.
The
total
data
generated
is
forecasted
at
40
zeDabytes,
which
is
five
<mes
bigger
than
the
data
we
generated
in
2015.
It
is
obvious
that
IoT
will
bring
a
significant
impact
by
transforming
our
daily
rou<ne
and
business
into
the
digital
world.
Currently,
IoT
technologies
adop<on
is
immature.
In
Malaysia,
72.2%
of
the
popula<on
can
have
Internet
access
in
2015.
Despite
this
immaturity,
there
is
a
posi<ve
indica<on
across
a
wide
range
of
applica<ons
starts
to
take
place
in
Malaysia.
The
main
aim
of
this
talk
is
to
explore
the
emerging
trends
in
IoT
deployment
with
focus
on
techno-­‐business
and
quality
of
life
improvement.
Recent
advances
around
the
world
and
Malaysia
will
be
highlighted
from
the
selected
case
studies.
Poten<al
IoT
applica<ons
in
Malaysia
will
be
suggested
based
on
the
preliminary
research
findings.
The
talk
will
be
concluded
with
open
issues
and
future
direc<ons
of
IoT
in
Malaysia.

3. Internet of Toaster (IoT)
• Born
at
US
conference,
1989
when
John
Romkey
challenged
to
build
Internet-­‐ready
toaster
• Debut
same
conference
a
year
later,
robo<c
arm
added
a
year
later
• Def.:
Connec<ng
devices
over
the
Internet
&
talk
to
each
other
• Term
Internet
of
Things
introduced
by
a
senior
exec
at
P&G,
Kevin
Ashton
in
1999

4. Percentage of Households with Internet,
Developing Countries, 2014
% OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH INTERNET
5 Singapore 88.0
10 Brunei 79.2
16 Malaysia 65.5
49 Thailand 33.8
53 Indonesia 29.1
[ITU,
‘The
State
of
Broadband
2015’,
Sept
2015]

6. Phone
to
Environments
Case
Studies
Drones
Smart
Grid
Sports
&
Well
Beings
Internet
of
Vehicles
Smart
Village

7. Case Study 1: Drones
• Department
of
Civil
Engineering,
Uni.
of
Illinois
• Construc<on
work
monitoring
by
Drones
• Capture
video
footage
of
monitored
area
• Update
the
work
plan
for
future
extension
Will
Knight,
"New
Boss
on
Construc<on
Sites
Is
a
Drone",
MIT
Technology
Review,
August
26,
2015
[
Online]
“Nokia
Networks,
du
first
in
UAE
to
use
telco
drones
for
beDer
network
planning
&
faster
op<miza<on”,
July,
2015
[Online]
“Nokia
Networks
is
exploring
the
poten<al
uses
of
drones
in
the
telecoms
industry
and,
at
Mobile
World
Congress
2015,
triggered
the
discussion
on
mul<ple
use
cases
including
tower
inspec<on,
network
op<miza<on,
LoS
and
radio
planning
with
drones”

8. Case Study 1: Drones

9. Case Study 2: Smart Grid
TNB
Smart
Grid
Projects
Starts
June
2014
TNB
chief
corporate
officer
Datuk
Roslan
Ab
Rahman
said
the
ini<a<ve
will
see
the
instalment
of
1,000
smart
grid
advance
meters
both
in
Putrajaya
and
Malacca
throughout
the
one-­‐year
period
of
the
pilot
project.
“Currently
we
are
conduc<ng
preliminary
studies
and
prepara<ons
on
the
scheme
as
to
when
we
can
announced
it
this
June,
the
implementa<on
and
the
monitoring
part
of
the
project
will
be
smooth,”
he
told
a
news
conference
at
the
Energy
Efficiency
for
Sustainable
Business
Seminar
2014
in
Putrajaya
yesterday.
[Metering
Interna<onal,
April
24,
2014
]

10. Case Study 3: Wearables

11. Case Study 3: Wearables

12. Case Study 3: Wireless Bicycle Sensors
First
Wireless
Cyclocomputer,
early
90s
First
Patent
on
Mechanical
Cyclocomputer,
1895
IEEE
802.11:
1997
IEEE
802.15
WPAN:
2002
IEEE
802.15.4:
2003
Sadik
Gharghan,
Rosdiadee
Nordin
and
Mahamod
Ismail,
"A
Survey
on
Energy
Efficient
Wireless
Sensor
Networks
for
Bicycle
Performance
Monitoring
Applica<on",
Journal
of
Sensors,
2014

13. Speed, cadence & torque real-­‐Fme
measurements @ Cheras Velodrome
Xbee S1 coordinator node during
measurements
Xbee S1 router node during
measurements
RF module
(Xbee S1)
Dout
USB
cable
Coach
laptop
Coordinator
node
Speed and cadence sensor node
+3.7 V
Router node
Tx
Regulator +3.3V
Arduino nano
Atmega 328p
RF module
(Xbee pro s1)
DinDout
Rx
Schematic diagram level
1 meter 32 - 64 meters
Hardware level
Torque sensor node
Torque
measurement
Speed
and cadence
measurement

14. Speed, cadence, torque measurements in real
Fme
Sadik
Kamel
Gharghan,
Rosdiadee
Nordin,
Mahamod
Ismail,
"An
Ultra-­‐
Low
Power
Wireless
Sensor
Network
for
Bicycle
Torque
Performance
Measurements",
Sensors,
2015,
15(5):
11741-­‐11768
Sadik
Kamel
Gharghan,
Rosdiadee
Nordin,
Mahamod
Ismail,
"Energy-­‐Efficient
ZigBee-­‐based
Wireless
Sensor
Network
for
Track
Bicycle
Performance
Monitoring",
Sensors,
2014;
14(8):15573-­‐15592
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1
13
25
37
49
61
73
85
97
109
121
133
145
157
169
181
193
205
217
229
241
253
265
277
289
301
313
Speed(km/h)
Cadence(RPM)
Time (seconds)
Cadence without RCD algorithm Cadence of SRM
Speed without RCD algorithm Speed of SRM
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Power(watt)
Torque(N.m)
Time (seconds)
Measured torque SRM torque Measured power SRM power

15. Proposed system to transfer data from sensors to the
anchor node (outdoor and indoor velodromes)
150m
315m
65m235m
320m 333m 10m
20m
30m
40m
50m
60m
70m
80m
90m
110m
100m
120m
130m140m160m170m
180m
190m
200m
210m
220m
230m
240m
250m
260m
280m
270m
290m
300m 310m
Pursuit line
32m32m
65m65m
64m
Run-off
1m wide
Safety zone
3.5m wide
Track
7m wide
Mobile
node
Coordinator node
(anchor node 1)
Pursuit line
64m
Anchor node 2
Anchor node 3
Second halfFirst half
Router
AN1(coach)
Main door
Side door
Route
node
34 m
36m
46.5 m
Fitness hall
Exit doorGym room
SeatsSeats
AN3
AN2
16m
25m
O.5m
1m
1m
AN4
1m
1m
5m
O.5m
AN5
10m
AN6
1m
1m
5m
10m
15m
20m
25m
30m
32m
33.2m
37.6m
40m
43.8m

16. Measurement accuracy
1.0E-5
1.0E-4
1.0E-3
1.0E-2
1.0E-1
1.0E+0
1.0E+1
1.0E+2
1.0E+3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
RMSE,logscale
Distance (m)
outdoor LNSM Indoor LNSM
Outdoor PSO-ANN Indoor PSO-ANN
RMSE based on LNSM and Hybrid PSO-ANN
17.55
9.102
0.5
0.087
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
LNSM
(indoor)
LNSM
(outdoor)
Hybrid
PSO_ANN
(indoor)
Hybrid
PSO_ANN
(outdoor)
RMSEinmeters
Sadik
Kamel
Gharghan,
Rosdiadee
Nordin,
Mahamod
Ismail,
"Accurate
Wireless
Sensor
Localiza<on
Technique
based
on
Hybrid
PSO-­‐
ANN
Algorithm
for
Indoor
and
Outdoor
Track
Cycling",
IEEE
Sensors
Journal
[
In
Press]

17. IF
Akyildiz,
JM
Jornet,
“The
Internet
of
nano-­‐things”,
IEEE
Wireless
Communica>ons,
2010,
17(6):
58-­‐63
Cited
by
123
ar<cles
Future in Healthcare

18. Case Study 4: Internet of Vehicles
• Google
done
trials
at
various
loca<ons
around
the
world
• Summer
2015
clocked
1
million
miles
• 14
minor
crashes,
human
fault!

19. Case Study 4: Internet of Vehicles
• Apple
aims
to
release
its
first
car
in
2019
[Wall
Street
Journal]
• Project
Titan,
600
staff
(&
increasing)
• Durable
baDeries!
Will
be
years
before
the
Apple
or
Google
cars
avail
• As
the
technology
progress,
smart
cars
will
• Check
oil,
water,
tyre
pressure,
etc
• Contact
workshop
for
service
or
repairs
(<ming
belt)
• Access
to
diary
for
service
(at
<me
suits
you)

20. Case Study 4: Internet of Vehicles
Gateless
gantry
system
on
trial
at
TPM
Bukit
Jalil,
to
be
deployed
by
2018
[
Paultan.org
]

21. Case Study 4: Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)
CommunicaFon
• Offers
different
type
of
applica<ons:
• Safety
applica<on
• Traffic
efficiency
applica<on
• Informa<on/entertainment
(Infotainment)
applica<on
• Efficient
mobility
management
is
required
• unique
vehicular
environment
characteris<cs
(e.g.,
high
velocity
and
traffic
density)
Mohammed
Balfaqih,
Mahamod
Ismail,
Rosdiadee
Nordin,
Zain
Balfaqih,
"Proxy
Mobile
IPv6
Handover
Management
in
Vehicular
Networks:
State
of
the
Art,
Taxonomy
and
Direc<ons
for
Future
Research",
Wireless
Personal
Communica>ons,
2015,
84(2):
1509-­‐1534

22. Predic6ve
Movement
Detec<on
Next
AR
Predica<on
Network
Ini<ated
Distributed
Par<ally
Distributed
Fully
Distributed
Proac6ve
Binding
Registra<on
Tunnel
Establishment
Traffic
Buffering
802.21 MIH Function
Protocol and Device Hardware
Applications
Connection
Management
802.11p LTE-Advanced WiMAX
L2 Triggers
and Events
Information
Service
Distributed Mobility Management
Smart
Triggers
Information
Service
Handover
Messages
Handover Management
Handover
Policy
Handover
Messages
IEEE802.21IETF
Fast
handover
Distributed
Mobility
Management
Solu<on
(FDMM)
Case Study 4: Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)
CommunicaFon

24. Case Study 4: Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)
CommunicaFon
Mohammed
Balfaqih,
Mahamod
Ismail,
Rosdiadee
Nordin,
Abd
Alrazak
Rahem,
Zain
Balfaqih,
"Fast
Handover
Solu<on
for
Network-­‐Based
Distributed
Mobility
Management
in
Intelligent
Transporta<on
Systems”,
Ad-­‐Hoc
Networks
[Under
Review]

25. OpportuniFes: FiQh
GeneraFon Network
[
Huawei,
“5G:
A
Technology
Vision”
]

26. OpportuniFes: FiQh GeneraFon Network

27. Malaysia
5G
CommiRee
Members
OpportuniFes: FiQh GeneraFon Network

28. The World in 2025: 8 PredicFons for the Next
10 Years (1/3)
• A
$1,000
Human
Brain
• Computer
able
to
calculate
at
10,000
trillion
cycles/sec,
equiv
processing
speed
of
human
brain
• A
Trillion-­‐Sensor
Economy
• Cisco
es<mates
$19
trillion
will
be
generated
• Perfect
Knowledge
• Data
everywhere!
The
World
in
2025:
8
Predic<ons
for
the
Next
10
Years,
By
Peter
Diamandis
ON
May
11,
2015,
SingularityHUB
[Online]

29. The World in 2025: 8 PredicFons for the Next
10 Years (2/3)
• 8
Billion
Hyper-­‐Connected
People
• Facebook
(Internet.org),
SpaceX,
Google
(Project
Loon),
Qualcomm
and
Virgin
(OneWeb):
global
connec<vity
at
1
Mbps
• Disrup<on
of
Healthcare
• $3.8
trillion,
new
business
dematerialize,
demone<ze
&
democra<ze
today’s
bureaucra<c
&
inefficient
system
• Augmented
and
Virtual
Reality
• Facebook
(Oculus),
Google
(Magic
Leap),
Microsoy
(Hololens),
Sony,
Qualcomm,
HTC
The
World
in
2025:
8
Predic<ons
for
the
Next
10
Years,
By
Peter
Diamandis
ON
May
11,
2015,
SingularityHUB
[Online]

30. The World in 2025: 8 PredicFons for the Next
10 Years (3/3)
• Early
Days
of
JARVIS
• Next-­‐genera<on
AI
systems
to
listen
to
conversa<ons,
read
emails
&
bio
data
• Cryptocurrency
• BitCoin
The
World
in
2025:
8
Predic<ons
for
the
Next
10
Years,
By
Peter
Diamandis
ON
May
11,
2015,
SingularityHUB
[Online]

31. Takeaway…
• Progress
on
IoT
at
global
level
with
specific
focus
to
Malaysia
• Adapta<on
at
infancy
• Opportuni<es
&
challenges
at
physical
media
&
network
infrastructure
• Future
poten<als
&
applica<ons

32. Thank you!
Ques<ons?

33. Sequels…
• Opportuni<es,
challenges
and
future
direc<ons
in
TV
White
Space
• World
TV
White
Space
Technology
&
Digital
Inclusion
Conference
2015
• Organizer:
WhiteSpace
Alliance
&
Dynamic
Spectrum
Alliance
• Date:
29th
October
2015
• Venue:
Lebua
at
State
Tower,
Bangkok,
Thailand
• Energy
Efficient
Cellular
Base
Sta<ons
based
on
the
Characteris<cs
of
Malaysia’s
Solar
Radia<on
Exposure
• Organizer:
Ins<tu<on
of
Engineers
Malaysia
(IEM)
• Date:
12th
November
2015
• Venue:
Wisma
IEM