1. Writing your introduction
Prof. Dr. Ron Martinez
PRPPG7000 - Academic Writing in English

2. Syllabus outline
• 28/08 - Introduction
• 04/09 - IMRaD, Most common errors,
electronic tools
• 11/09 - Strategic planning for your article:
CARS and other approaches
• 18/09 - Title, Abstract e Introduction
• 25/09 - Writing your Introduction
• 02/10 - Coherence, cohesion and clarity, and
use of authorial voice
• 09/10 - (Introduction due) The Method and
Results sections
• 16/10- The Discussion section
• 23/10 - Discussing and Concluding
• 30/10 - Writing (no class)
• 06/11 - Students exchange articles (no class)
• 13/11 - (peer feedback due) Special guest
speaker
• 20/11 - Plagiarism, the submission process

3. Today...
• your Introduction writing process
• importance of “They Say/I Say” in shaping the Introduction
• typical problems in the Introduction
• peer feedback

4. From “Julie”
“We wrote the introduction some time ago, but now with the
guidelines of the C.A.R.S. everything is clearer. We also
used the corpus to help us. We are happy with the result of
the writing of the introduction. My advisor is very
collaborative and always helps me to write and review the
writing both in Portuguese and English.”

5. From “Josie”
“No que diz respeito aos recursos, tenho recorrido ao
CAPA, ja tive umas 3 orientações com a equipe, além de
participar do dia da escrita. Quanto ao envolvimento da
minha orientadora, entendo que, ao mesmo tempo que me
deu autonomia para escrever, acabou faltando um pouco
de sugestões de melhorias, pois as revisões dela tiveram
(em sua maioria) o foco na correção do que foi escrito, o
que é de extrema importância também.”

6. From “Josie”
“No que diz respeito aos recursos, tenho recorrido ao
CAPA, ja tive umas 3 orientações com a equipe, além de
participar do dia da escrita. Quanto ao envolvimento da
minha orientadora, entendo que, ao mesmo tempo que me
deu autonomia para escrever, acabou faltando um pouco
de sugestões de melhorias, pois as revisões dela tiveram
(em sua maioria) o foco na correção do que foi escrito, o
que é de extrema importância também.”

14. Sent from student Rafael:

15. Sent from student Rafael:

20. Good introduction?
Much was written on interaction in electroacoustic mixed works. Several
analytical strategies have been published, such as Menezes (2002),
Bachratá(2012), O'Callaghan; Eigenfeldt (2010), as well as on the techniques
(CAMPOS 2005; ROWE, 1993), and on aesthetics aspects (BREIBJBERG, 2011;
GARNETT, 2001, ROWE, 1999) of this kind of interaction. However, until now,
few efforts were made to relate these actions. In this research, we intend to
contribute with some of this proposes in order to delineate aspects of the
interaction in this repertoire. Our attention will be in aesthetics issues, but, for
this, we will also refer to the mentioned fields.

21. Good introduction?
Much was written on interaction in electroacoustic mixed works. Several
analytical strategies have been published, such as Menezes (2002),
Bachratá(2012), O'Callaghan; Eigenfeldt (2010), as well as on the techniques
(CAMPOS 2005; ROWE, 1993), and on aesthetics aspects (BREIBJBERG, 2011;
GARNETT, 2001, ROWE, 1999) of this kind of interaction. However, until now,
few efforts were made to relate these actions. In this research, we intend to
contribute with some of this proposes in order to delineate aspects of the
interaction in this repertoire. Our attention will be in aesthetics issues, but, for
this, we will also refer to the mentioned fields.

22. Good introduction?
Much was written on interaction in electroacoustic mixed works. Several
analytical strategies have been published, such as Menezes (2002),
Bachratá(2012), O'Callaghan; Eigenfeldt (2010), as well as on the techniques
(CAMPOS 2005; ROWE, 1993), and on aesthetics aspects (BREIBJBERG, 2011;
GARNETT, 2001, ROWE, 1999) of this kind of interaction. However, until now,
few efforts were made to relate these actions. In this research, we intend to
contribute with some of this proposes in order to delineate aspects of the
interaction in this repertoire. Our attention will be in aesthetics issues, but, for
this, we will also refer to the mentioned fields.

23. Good introduction?
Much was written on interaction in electroacoustic mixed works. Several
analytical strategies have been published, such as Menezes (2002),
Bachratá(2012), O'Callaghan; Eigenfeldt (2010), as well as on the techniques
(CAMPOS 2005; ROWE, 1993), and on aesthetics aspects (BREIBJBERG, 2011;
GARNETT, 2001, ROWE, 1999) of this kind of interaction. However, until now,
few efforts were made to relate these actions. In this research, we intend to
contribute with some of this proposes in order to delineate aspects of the
interaction in this repertoire. Our attention will be in aesthetics issues, but, for
this, we will also refer to the mentioned fields.

24. Much was written on interaction in electroacoustic mixed works. Several
analytical strategies have been published, such as Menezes (2002),
Bachratá(2012), O'Callaghan; Eigenfeldt (2010), as well as on the techniques
(CAMPOS 2005; ROWE, 1993), and on aesthetics aspects (BREIBJBERG, 2011;
GARNETT, 2001, ROWE, 1999) of this kind of interaction. However, until now,
few efforts were made to relate these actions. In this research, we intend to
contribute with some of this proposes in order to delineate aspects of the
interaction in this repertoire. Our attention will be in aesthetics issues, but, for
this, we will also refer to the mentioned fields.

25. Much has been written on interaction in electroacoustic mixed works. Several
analytical strategies have been published, such as Menezes (2002),
Bachratá(2012), O'Callaghan; Eigenfeldt (2010), as well as on the techniques
(CAMPOS 2005; ROWE, 1993), and on aesthetics aspects (BREIBJBERG, 2011;
GARNETT, 2001, ROWE, 1999) of this kind of interaction. However, until now,
few efforts were made to relate these actions. In this research, we intend to
contribute with some of this proposes in order to delineate aspects of the
interaction in this repertoire. Our attention will be in aesthetics issues, but, for
this, we will also refer to the mentioned fields.

26. Much has been written on interaction in electroacoustic mixed works. Several
analytical strategies have been published, such as Menezes (2002),
Bachratá(2012), O'Callaghan; Eigenfeldt (2010), as well as on the techniques
(CAMPOS 2005; ROWE, 1993), and on aesthetics aspects (BREIBJBERG, 2011;
GARNETT, 2001, ROWE, 1999) of this kind of interaction. However, until now,
few efforts were made to relate these actions. In this research, we intend to
contribute with some of this proposes in order to delineate aspects of the
interaction in this repertoire. Our attention will be in aesthetics issues, but, for
this, we will also refer to the mentioned fields.

27. Much has been written on interaction in electroacoustic mixed works. Several
analytical strategies have been published, such as Menezes (2002),
Bachratá(2012), O'Callaghan; Eigenfeldt (2010), as well as on the techniques
(CAMPOS 2005; ROWE, 1993), and on aesthetics aspects (BREIBJBERG, 2011;
GARNETT, 2001, ROWE, 1999) of this kind of interaction. However, until now,
few efforts have been made to relate these actions. In this research, we intend
to contribute with some of this proposes in order to delineate aspects of the
interaction in this repertoire. Our attention will be in aesthetics issues, but, for
this, we will also refer to the mentioned fields.

28. Much has been written on interaction in electroacoustic mixed works. Several
analytical strategies have been published, such as Menezes (2002),
Bachratá(2012), O'Callaghan; Eigenfeldt (2010), as well as on the techniques
(CAMPOS 2005; ROWE, 1993), and on aesthetics aspects (BREIBJBERG, 2011;
GARNETT, 2001, ROWE, 1999) of this kind of interaction. However, until now,
few efforts have been made to relate these actions. In this research, we intend
to contribute with some of this proposes in order to delineate aspects of the
interaction in this repertoire. Our attention will be in aesthetics issues, but, for
this, we will also refer to the mentioned fields.

29. Much has been written on interaction in electroacoustic mixed works. Several
analytical strategies have been published, such as Menezes (2002),
Bachratá(2012), O'Callaghan; Eigenfeldt (2010), as well as on the techniques
(CAMPOS 2005; ROWE, 1993), and on aesthetics aspects (BREIBJBERG, 2011;
GARNETT, 2001, ROWE, 1999) of this kind of interaction. However, until now,
few efforts have been made to relate these actions. In this research, we intend
to contribute with some of this proposes in order to delineate aspects of the
interaction in this repertoire. Our attention will be in aesthetics issues, but, for
this, we will also refer to the mentioned fields.

33. "They Say, I Say"
• "(A) writer needs to indicate not only
what his or her thesis is, but also what
larger conversation that thesis is
responding to." (p. 20)
• "(W)hen is comes to constructing an
argument […], remember that you are
entering a conversation and therefore
need to start with 'what others are
saying'…" (p. 20)

40. “THEY SAY”

41. “THEY SAY”
“I SAY”

42. INTRODUCTION

47. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

48. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

49. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

50. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

51. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

52. Be careful with “extraneous
information” in your Introduction!

54. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

55. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

56. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

57. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

58. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

59. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. A
comparison between the existing software will be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each
software and the best application for each one, verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity,
accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction
between the software and the user and what are the purposes of each software. Mainly the plotted
networks and the results given by each software will be analyzed, showing what each one shows or
does not show and its best application.

60. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit your research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help something in your research. Many
who enter bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a
larger learning curve most of the timeA comparison between the existing software will be done
demonstrating the ups and downs of each software and the best application for each one, verifying
the attributes such as speed, complexity, accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will
also be analyzed, how the interaction between the software and the user and what are the purposes
of each software. ...

61. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit their research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help at all in their research. Many who
enter bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the timeA comparison between the existing software will be done
demonstrating the ups and downs of each software and the best application for each one, verifying
the attributes such as speed, complexity, accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will
also be analyzed, how the interaction between the software and the user and what are the purposes
of each software. ...

62. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit their research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help at all in their research. After all, many
who enter bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, and this leads to
a larger learning curve most of the timeA comparison between the existing software will be done
demonstrating the ups and downs of each software and the best application for each one, verifying
the attributes such as speed, complexity, accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The interfaces will
also be analyzed, how the interaction between the software and the user and what are the purposes
of each software. ...

63. In biology we have a lot of data to analyze and bioinformatics has emerged to aid in the analysis of
large amounts of data. Some of the forms used today are graphical representations of biological
networks, so it is possible to make a more efficient analysis of certain data. Many tools have already
been produced in order to provide better visualization and understanding of the data. Many who enter
bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, this leads to a larger
learning curve most of the time and although there are several software to aid in research and
analysis, people do not always know the which is better or which is going to fit their research better,
and sometimes do not even know if using the software will help at all in their research. After all, many
who enter bioinformatics have only one side of training, biology or computer science, and this leads to
a larger learning curve most of the time Therefore, a comparison between the existing software will
be done demonstrating the ups and downs of each software and the best application for each one,
verifying the attributes such as speed, complexity, accuracy, ergonomics, among others. The
interfaces will also be analyzed, how the interaction between the software and the user and what are
the purposes of each software. ...

65. 1) Identify problems. 2) How to improve?
There were three little pigs, of different ages. There was a wolf nearby.
They needed to build a home. The first pig decided to build a house of
straw. The second built a house of sticks. Its name was Porky. The
third pig took longer to build his house. His house was made of bricks.
Bricks are a more expensive material. A hungry wolf came to eat the
pigs. The pigs hid inside their homes. The wolf easily blew down the
first house. It took longer to blow down the second house, but the wolf
did it. The third house was made of bricks. It was impossible to blow
down.

66. Now talk about your Introduction
1. If you your Introduction today…
a. First talk about your research to your partner/group
b. Then ask for feedback (e.g. identifiable CARS)
2. If you don’t have a printed Introduction today…
a. Talk about how you are currently “conceptualizing” your Introduction
b. Give feedback to others
3. If you are in the “remote” group, and you are alone…
i. Re-read your Introduction considering today’s points

67. On our site...
1. Download an Introduction (choose Portuguese or English).
2. Identify any problems (for example, extraneous information).
3. Try to “fix” the problems. Consult with another person.

68. Homework
• Task on Go Formative
• Write, write, write!