This will give you a brief summary on India's New Education Policy 2020 which is changed after 34 year and almost all things are covered.

1. NEP 2020 1
BY-
Nachiket M.V
Rohan M
Kiran S
Rahul G
Satish B

2. NEW EDUCATION POLICY 2020
Making the official announcement on Wednesday, 29th of July 2020,
Prakash Javadekar, Union Minister informed, “The Cabinet under Prime
Minister Narendra Modi has given approval to new education policy for
the 21st century. It is important, as for 34 years there were no changes
in the education policy."
Universal high-quality education is the best way forward for developing
and maximizing our country's rich talents and resources for the good of
the individual, the society, the country, and the world.
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3. India will have the highest population of young people in the world
over the next decade, and our ability to provide high-quality
educational opportunities to them will determine the future of our
country.
The world is undergoing rapid changes in the knowledge landscape.
With various dramatic scientific and technological advances, such as
the rise of big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, many
unskilled jobs worldwide may be taken over by machines, while the
need for a skilled workforce, particularly involving mathematics,
computer science, and data science, in conjunction with
multidisciplinary abilities across the sciences, social sciences, and
humanities, will be increasingly in greater demand.
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4. Previous Policy
The implementation of previous policies on education has focused
largely on issues of access and equity. A major development since the
last Policy of 1986 to 1992 has been the Right of Children to Free and
Compulsory Education Act 2009 which laid down legal underpinnings
for achieving universal elementary education.
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5. Vision of the National Education Policy 2020
An education system that contributes to an equitable and vibrant
knowledge society, by providing high-quality education to all.
Develops a deep sense of respect towards the fundamental rights,
duties and Constitutional values, bonding with one’s country, and a
conscious awareness of one’s role and responsibilities in a changing
world
Instils skills, values, and dispositions that support responsible
commitment to human rights, sustainable development and living,
and global well-being, thereby reflecting a truly global citizen
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6. Key Principles of NEP
Respect for Diversity & Local Context - Recognition of the importance of
India’s classical languages will undoubtedly give learners a holistic world
view. The focus of NEP-2020 on ethics and human and Constitutional values.
Use of Technology - In teaching and learning, removing language barriers, for
physically disabled students, and in educational planning and management.
Optimum use of technology for all types of types of children in this policy is
done.
Unique Capabilities - Recognizing, identifying them in each student. Hidden
talents in children should be identified and made them work on that area.
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7. India’s future and India’s leadership role
in upcoming fields
Computational thinking Increased emphasis on mathematics and
computational thinking throughout the school years. Activities involving
coding will be introduced in Middle Stage.
Mathematical thinking and problem solving It includes mathematical thinking
and problem solving through a variety of innovative methods, including the
regular use of puzzles and games
Including modern subjects in schools Teaching of contemporary subjects at
middle and secondary stages: Artificial Intelligence, Design Thinking, Holistic
Health, Organic Living, Environmental Education, Global Citizenship Education
(GCED)
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8. MAJOR CHANGES IN SCHOOL EDUCATION
Early Childhood Care and Education - The Foundation of Learning ECCE
ideally consists of flexible, play-based, activity-based, and inquiry-
based learning, languages, numbers, counting, colors , sports, logical
thinking, problem-solving, painting and other visual art and craft. It also
includes a focus on developing social capacities, sensitivity, good
behavior, courtesy, ethics, personal and public cleanliness. The overall
aim of ECCE will be to attain optimal outcomes in the domains of
physical and motor development, cognitive development, socio-
emotional-ethical development, cultural/artistic development, and the
development of communication and early language.
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9. The primary goal will be to ensure to provide high quality of ECCE
across the country in proper manner. Followings are the ways in which
this can be attained
(a) stand-alone Anganwadi
(b) Anganwadi’s co-located with primary schools
(c) stand-alone pre-schools
All of which would recruit workers/teachers specially trained in the
curriculum and pedagogy of ECCE
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10. NCERT will be developing Framework for systematic training of these
Anganwadi workers/teachers to provide high quality ECCE
Anganwadi workers/teachers with qualifications of 10+2 and above
shall be given a 6-month certificate programmed in ECCE
Lower educational qualifications than 10+2 shall be given a one-year
diploma program covering early literacy, numeracy, and other
relevant aspects of ECCE.
These programmes may be run through digital/distance mode using
DTH channels as well as smartphones, allowing teachers to acquire
ECCE qualifications with minimal disruption to their current work.
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11. Curtailing Dropout Rates and Ensuring
Universal Access to Education at all Levels
One of the primary goals of the schooling system must be to ensure that
children are enrolled in and are attending school. Through initiatives such as
Samagra Shiksha and the Right to Education Act.
As per the 75th round household survey by NSSO in 2017-18, the number of
out of school children in the age group of 6 to 17 years is 3.22 crore. It will be a
top priority to bring these children back into the educational fold as early as
possible and goal to achieve 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio in preschool to
secondary level by 2030.
There are 2 ways to bring back these dropout Children back to school, one is
to provide effective and sufficient infrastructure and another carefully tracking
students and as well as their learning levels
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12. Restructuring School System and Pedagogy
The structure and curricular framework for school education will therefore be
guided by a 5+3+3+4 design.
Foundational Stage in two parts, that is, 3 years of Anganwadi/pre-school + 2
years in primary school in Grades 1-2; both together covering ages 3-8
Preparatory Stage Grades 3-5, covering ages 8-11
Middle Stage Grades 6-8, covering ages 11-14
Secondary Stage Grades 9-12 in two phases, i.e. 9 and 10 in the first and 11
and 12 in the second, covering ages 14-18.
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13. NEP 2020 13

14. Power Of Language & Multilingualism
The NEP 2020 is not restricted to education in ‘English’ language!
It openly favors education in mother tongue/regional/local language.
In addition to this, one of the oldest & ancient languages ‘Sanskrit’ is
to be promoted as well.
No specific language will be forcefully imposed.
All efforts will be made in preparing high-quality bilingual textbooks
and teaching-learning materials for science and mathematics, so that
students are enabled to think and speak about the two subjects both
in their home language/mother tongue and in English.
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15. Change Assessment for Student
Development
It is proposed to set up a National Assessment Centre, PARAKH
(Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for
Holistic Development), as a standard-setting body under MHRD that
fulfils the basic objectives of setting norms, standards, and guidelines
for student assessment and evaluation for all recognized school boards
of India. monitoring achievement of learning outcomes in the country,
and encouraging and helping school boards to shift their assessment
patterns towards the skill requirements of the 21st century in
agreement with the stated objectives of this Policy.
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16. MAJOR CHANGES IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Higher education plays an extremely important role in promoting
human as well as societal well-being and in developing India as
envisioned in its Constitution - a democratic, just, socially-conscious,
cultured, and human nation upholding liberty, equality, fraternity, and
justice for all. Higher education significantly contributes towards
sustainable livelihoods and economic development of the nation.
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17. Some of the major problems currently faced
by the higher education system-
A rigid separation of disciplines, with early specialization and
streaming of students into narrow areas of study
Limited access particularly in socio-economically disadvantaged
areas, with few HEIs that teach in local languages
Limited teacher and institutional autonomy
Large universities joined with different colleges resulting in low
standards of undergraduate education.
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18. Changes Made In Higher Education
Moving towards a higher educational system consisting of large,
multidisciplinary universities and colleges, with at least one in or near
every district, and with more Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
across India that offer medium of instruction or programs in
local/Indian languages
Moving towards a more multidisciplinary undergraduate education
Revamping subjects, pedagogy, assessment, and student support for
enhanced student experiences
All entrance exams for higher education institutes and universities
will be held commonly.
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19. To verify the integrity of faculty and institutional leadership positions through
merit-appointments and career progression based on teaching, research, and
service
Establishment of a National Research Foundation to fund outstanding peer-
reviewed research and to actively seed research in universities and colleges
Governance of Higher Education Institution (HEIs) by high qualified
independent boards having academic and administrative autonomy
Increased access and equity, providing scholarships for underprivileged
students, online education, Open Distance Learning and all infrastructure and
learning materials made available to each and every student
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20. Institutional Restructuring and Consolidation
The main thrust of this policy regarding higher education is to end the
fragmentation of higher education by transforming higher education
institutions into large multidisciplinary universities, colleges, and Higher
Education Institution clusters/Knowledge Hubs, each of which will aim to have
3,000 or more students. This would help build vibrant communities of
scholars and peers, break down harmful activities, enable students to become
well-rounded across disciplines including creative and analytic subjects as well
as sports, develop active research communities.
Growth will be in both public and private institutions, with a strong emphasis
on developing public institutions.
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21. More HEIs shall be established and developed in underserved regions
to ensure full access, equity, and inclusion. There shall, by 2030, be at
least one large multidisciplinary HEI in or near every district. Steps
shall be taken towards developing high-quality higher education
institutions both public and private that have medium of instruction
in local/Indian languages or bilingually. The aim will be to increase the
Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education including vocational
education from 26.3% (2018) to 50% by 2035. While a number of new
institutions may be developed to attain these goals.
Institutions will have the option to run Open Distance Learning (ODL)
and online programmes, in order to enhance their offerings, improve
access, increase GER, and provide opportunities for lifelong learning.
All ODL programmes and their components leading to any diploma or
degree will be of standards and quality equivalent to the highest
quality programmes run by the HEIs on their campuses.
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22. HEIs will have the flexibility to offer different designs of Master’s programs:
(a) There may be a 2-year program with the second year devoted entirely to
research for those who have completed the 3-year Bachelor ’s program
(b) For students completing a 4-year Bachelor’s program with Research, there
could be a 1-year Master’s program
(c) There may be an integrated 5-year Bachelor’s/Master’s program.
Undertaking a Ph.D. shall require either a Master’s degree or a 4-year
Bachelor’s degree with Research. The M.Phil. program shall be discontinued.
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23. Internationalization
India will be promoted as a global study destination providing premium
education at affordable costs thereby helping to restore its role as a Vishwa
Guru. An International Students Office at each HEI hosting foreign students
will be set up to coordinate all matters relating to welcoming and
supporting students arriving from abroad. Research/teaching
collaborations and faculty/student exchanges with high-quality foreign
institutions will be facilitated, and relevant mutually beneficial MOUs
(memorandum of understanding) with foreign countries will be signed.
High performing Indian universities will be encouraged to set up campuses
in other countries, and similarly, selected universities e.g., those from
among the top 100 universities in the world will be facilitated to operate in
India.
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24. Financial support for students
Financial assistance to students shall be made available through various
measures. Efforts will be made to the merit students belonging to SC,
ST, OBC, and other Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs).
The National Scholarship Portal will be expanded to support, foster, and
track the progress of students receiving scholarships. Private HEIs will
be encouraged to offer larger numbers of scholarships to their
students.
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25. Changes In Other Key Areas
Under the NEP 2020, the name of the Ministry of Human Resource and
Development (MHRD) was changed to Ministry of Education (MOE).
Minister responsible for this is Ramesh Pokhriyal.
Technology Use and Integration-
An autonomous body, the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF),
will be created to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the
use of technology to enhance learning, assessment, planning,
administration, and so on, both for school and higher education.
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26. The NETF will have the following functions
a) Build intellectual and institutional capacities in educational technology;
b) Finding new directions for research and innovation.
The aim of the NETF will be to use of technology and the latest
knowledge and research as well as the opportunity to consult and share
best practices.
Universities will aim to offer Ph.D. and Masters programs in core areas
such as Machine Learning as well as Artificial Intelligence and
professional areas like health care, agriculture, and law.
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27. A rich variety of educational software, for all the above purposes, will
be developed and made available for students and teachers at all
levels. All such software will be available in all major Indian languages
and will be accessible to a wide range of users including students in
remote areas and Divyang students. Teaching-learning e-content will
continue to be developed by all States in all regional languages, as
well as by the NCERT, CIET, CBSE, NIOS, and other bodies/institutions,
and will be uploaded onto the DIKSHA platform. This platform may
also be utilized for Teacher ’s Professional Development through e-
content.
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28. PROS AND CONS OF NEP 2020
PROS of NEP 2020 –
It replaces the 10+2 system with 5+3+3+4 structure, which states 12 years of
schooling and 3 years of pre-schooling, thus kids with the experience of
schooling at an earlier stage.
The NTA will conduct a common entrance exam for universities at a national
level.
The government will be setting up new ways of research and innovations at
the university and college level by setting NRF (National Research Foundation).
Students gain greater exposure to vocational skills and Coding being taught
from Class 6
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29. CONS of NEP 2020 –
The implementation of the language i.e. the teaching up to 5th grade
to be continued in the regional languages is the utmost problem. The
child will be taught in regional language and therefore will have less
approach towards the English language, which is required after
completing 5th grade.
English as optional till class 8 as it is not mandatory, so the eminent
schools will anyway not give up on English and the gap would be
wider between students going to English medium school and GOVT
school as govt schools will skip English language and it would be
difficult for child to learn English
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30. CONCLUSION
The new education policy focuses on the child’s overall development. The
policy is destined to achieve its objective by 2030. There was a need for
change to the existing education policy which was earlier implemented in
1986. The resulting change is the approval of the New Education policy. The
policy has many positive features but the same can only be achieved by
strictly making it happen.
The new education policy is laid down with several initiatives that are really
the need of the present scenario. The policy is concerned with attention on
skill development along with the study curriculum. Merely dreaming of
anything will not make it work, as proper planning and working according to
that will only help in fulfilling the objective. No sooner the objectives of NEP
are achieved, will launch our nation towards progress.
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31. NEP 2020 31