4. Marriage provides spiritual, physical, emotional & psychological companionship.
This companionship generates and sustains love, kindness, compassion, mutual
confidence, solace & sakinah. It lays a spiritual & legal foundation for raising a
family. The children born of the matrimonial union become legitimate and mutual
rights of inheritance are established.
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koyal
5. A marriage conducted without the valid consent of one or both
parties and where duress is a factor
Family can force and can be forced
A domestic violence
It can be between children , children and adults and in adults
also
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koyal
6. Forced marriage is different from arranged marriage. In an arranged marriage,
the families of both spouses take a leading role in arranging the marriage but the
choice whether or not to accept the arrangement remains with the prospective
spouses.
In forced marriage, one or both spouses do not (or, in the case of children and some
adults at risk, cannot) consent to the marriage and duress is involved.
If families have to resort to violence or emotional pressure to make someone
marry, that person’s consent has not been given freely and, therefore, it is a forced
marriage.
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koyal
7. The United Nations views forced marriage as a form of human rights abuse, since
it violates the principle of the freedom and autonomy of individuals.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that a woman's right to choose
a spouse and enter freely into marriage is central to her life and dignity,
and equality as a human being
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koyal
8. Under the Criminal Code Act, Marriage under age
of 16 years reads:
Everyone who celebrates, aids or participates in a marriage rite or ceremony
knowing that one of the persons being married is under the age of 16 years is guilty
of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five
years.
Civil Marriage Act also states:
The No person who is under the age of 16 years may contract
marriage.
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koyal
9. Pakistan’s Child Marriage Restraint Act (CMRA) 1929
sets the legal age for marriage to 16 for women and 18 for
men.
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koyal
12. Family pressure
strengthening extended family links
protecting and abiding by perceived cultural, family, religious norms
Vani or compensation marriage(Muhammad Iqbal khan/khan sisters)
Poverty/debt (tahriro Muchena,Nazir Ahmad Afghanistan)
Levirate(marry with brothers widow)
Child marriage
Armed conflict
Marriage by abduction
Wata sata
Quranic marriage
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koyal
13. In rural parts of Pakistan, and its tribal regions, watta satta accounts for over 30% of all
marriages and they don’t care about difference of age
Over 50% of watta satta marriages are within the same village, on a geographical level.
Over three out of four women in watta satta marriage are married to a blood relative
In Islamic communities of Sudan and Mali, bride exchange between two families has also
been observed.
More than 30% of today’s women were married before their 18th birthday.
If there is no reduction in child marriage, an additional 1.2 billion girls will be married by
2050.
Some child brides are as young as eight or nine.
Most adolescent pregnancies (90%) take place within marriage.
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koyal
14. Khansa Bint Khidam said “My father married me to his nephew, and I did not like this
match, so I complained to the Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and grant him
peace). He said to me “accept what your father has arranged.” I said “I do not wish to
accept what my father has arranged.”
He said “then this marriage is invalid, go and marry whomever you wish.”
Abu Hurairah narrates that the Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and grant
him peace) said “when one with whose religion and character you are satisfied asks
your daughter in marriage then accede to his request. If you do not do so then there
will be temptation in the earth and extensive corruption”. (Tirmidhi)
A matron should not be given in marriage except after consulting her; and a virgin
should not be given in marriage except after her permission." The people asked, "O
Allah's Apostle! How can we know her permission?" He said, "Her silence (indicates
her permission)."[Sahih Al-Bukhari 7.67]
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koyal
15. They are Iibas (cover-up) for you and you are libas for them‘ Al Baqarah 187
"A woman may married for four reasons: for her property, for her rank, for her beauty,
and for her religion (and character). So marry the one who is best in the religion and
character and prosper". (Bukhari and Muslim)
When the husband and wife hold each other’s' hands with love and affection; Allah
forgives their sins.' Hadith
If you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marry women of
your choice, two or three or four; but if your fear that you shall not be able to deal justly
(with them), then (marry) only one or that which your right hands possess. That will be
more suitable to prevent you from doing injustice. Q4:3
Prophet (saws) said: When one of you seeks a woman in marriage let him look at whom
he wishes to marry.
Related by Abu Dawood
Mughirah ibn Shu'bah narrated: I sought a woman in marriage. The Messenger of Allah
(saws) asked me :Have you seen her? I said : No. He (saws) then said: Then look at her,
because it is more proper that love should be cemented between you.
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koyal
16. Early and forced marriages can contribute to girls being placed in a cycle of
poverty and powerlessness. Most are likely to experience mistreatment such as
violence, abuse and forced sexual relations. This means that women who marry
younger in age are more likely to be dominated by their husbands. They also
experience poor sexual and reproductive health. Young married girls are more
likely to contract HIV and their health could be in jeopardy. Most people who are
forced into a marriage lack education and are often illiterate. Young ones tend to
drop out of school shortly before they get married
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koyal
17. We believe that education is crucial to reducing the incidence of early and forced
marriage.
This means improving access to quality education for girls, and also educating the
wider community to change the social norms that enable forced marriage to
continue.
We work to raise awareness of girls’ rights at community, national and global
levels, striving to change both legislation and attitudes.
The issues surrounding forced marriage are complex and can’t be eradicated
overnight, but with your support we can work to end the misery of millions of girls
across the world.
Nabeel
koyal
