The document summarizes key events in architecture, design, and society during the 1970s. It discusses the rise of postmodernism and high-tech architecture as reactions against modernism. Some notable projects included the Pompidou Center in Paris and the Sears Tower in Chicago. Residential architecture saw a return to traditional styles through neo-Mansard homes. The 1970s also saw increased environmental awareness and the beginning of the green building movement in response to the oil crisis.

1. CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE
1970-1980
GLOBAL CONTEXT
PRESENTATION
ON
GROUP MEMBERS:-
SAKSHI AGARWAL
AASHNA ARORA
SUBMITTED TO:-
AR.FARAH NAZ

2. • In the Western world, social progressive values that
began in the 1960s, such as increasing political
awareness and economic liberty of women,
continued to grow. The period also saw the
socioeconomic effect of an ever-increasing number
of women entering the non-agrarian economic
workforce.
• Industrialized countries, except Japan, experienced
an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by
oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab
Petroleum Exporting Countries.
• The economies of much of the developing
world continued to make steady progress in the early
1970s because of the Green Revolution. The Green
Revolution of the late 1960s brought about self-
sufficiency in food in many developing economies.
At the same time an increasing number of people
began to seek urban prosperity over agrarian life. This
consequently saw the duality of transition of diverse
interaction across social communities amid
increasing information blockade across social class.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EVENTS IN THE 1970S
Economic liberty to women
Oil crisis-1973

3. • Novelist Tom Wolf termed 1970sas "'Me'
decade" as new attitude of Americans
towards atomized individualism and away
from communitarianism, in clear contrast with
the 1960s.
• In Asia, beginning of market liberalization by
Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis,
the economy of Japan witnessed a large
boom in this period, overtaking the economy
of West Germany to become the second-
largest in the world.
• The United States withdrew its military forces
from their previous involvement in the Vietnam
War, which had grown enormously unpopular.
• In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan,
which led to an ongoing war for ten years.
• The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in
the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared
war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation
in the Middle East was fundamentally altered
when treaties were signed.
• Africa saw further decolonization in the
decade,
with Angola and Mozambique gaining their
independence in 1975 from the Portugueuse
Empire after the restoration of democracy
in Portugal.
POLITICS IN THE 1970S
Atomized individualismCommunitarianism
Market liberalization in
Japan

4. • Modern architecture was increasingly
criticized as the decade went on from the
point of view of postmodern architects,
such as Philip Johnson, Charles Moore,
and Michael Graves, who advocated a
return to pre-modern styles of architecture
and the incorporation of pop elements as
a means of communicating with a
broader public.
• Early in the decade, several architects
competed to build the tallest building in
the world.
Futuristic 1970–72 prefab office building
AZM in the Netherlands by architect
Laurens Bisscheroux
ARCHITECTURE IN THE 1970S • The decade also brought experimentation in:-
Blue Cross Blue Shield
Building, Chicago, Illinois,
1970s
Geometric design Postmodernism
The Neue
Staatsgalerie in Stuttg
art, Germany,
by James
Stirling (1977–83)
Pop-art
Archizoom, Safari Sofa,
for Poltronova, 1972
Santa Monica by
Frank Gehry
Early deconstructivism
.

5. DESIGN TRENDS
• Marked by a backlash against the bright colors
and futurism of the 1950s and 1960s and a rise
in popularity of dark, earthy tones with
extensive use of brown, green, purple, and
orange.
• Wood decor and panelling was integral to
1970s interior design as well, replacing the
obsession of the 1950s and 1960s with chrome
and aluminium.
• Darker colors not only reflected the back-to-
nature mindset of the decade, but the sluggish
world economy with its lowered optimism and
expectations for the future.
• "High Tech" architecture moved forward
as Buckminster Fuller continued his
experiments in geodesic domes.
Third Avenue at 66th Street, facing
Southwest, 1979.
St John's Wood, london

6. ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN THE 1970S
HIGH-TECH ARCHITECTURE
• Also known as Structural Expressionism, is a type
of Late Modern architectural style that
emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements
of high-tech industry and technology into
building design.
• This category serves as a bridge between
modernism and post-modernism.
• Buildings reveal their structure on the outside as
well as the inside, but with visual emphasis
placed on the internal steel and/or concrete
skeletal structure as opposed to exterior
concrete walls. The style's premier practitioners include :
• Colombo-American architect Bruce
Graham
• Bangladeshi-American architect Fazlur
Rahman Khan for the John Hancock
Centre, Willis Tower and Onterie Center,
• British architects Sir Norman, Sir Richard
Rogers, Sir Michael Hopkins,
• Italian architect Renzo Piano and
• Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava,
known for his organic, skeleton-like
designs.
• Early high-tech buildings were referred to by
historian Reyner Banham as "serviced sheds"
due to their exposure of mechanical services in
addition to the structure.
• Most of these early examples used exposed
structural steel as their material of choice.
• As hollow structural sections had only become
widely available in the early 1970s, high-tech
architecture saw much experimentation with
this material.
GEORGES POMPIDOU CENTER

7. WILLS/SEARS TOWER
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Bruce graham
1973
MARQUETTE PLAZA
Minneapolis,Minnesotta,U.S
-Gunnar birkerts
1973
HOPKINS HOUSE
London,U.K
-Michael hopkins & partners
1976
ONE US BANK PLAZA
St.louis,Missouri,U.S
-Thompson
,Ventulett,Stainback &
Associates
1976
Georges Pompidou Center
Paris,France
Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers
1977
EXAMPLES OF HIGH-TECH ARCHITECTURE

8. ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN THE 1970S
POST-MODERNISM
• The style emerged in 1960s and flourished in
1980s.
Notable architects-
Robert venture, Michael Graves,Charles
Moore, Philip Johnson, Frank Gehry
Beginning in the 1970s, Frank Gehry began
using prefabricated industrial materials to
construct unusual forms on private houses
in Los Angeles, including, in 1978, his own
house in Santa Monica. breaking their
traditional design giving them an
unfinished and unstable look.
The most famous work of architect Charles
Moore is the Piazza d'Italia in New
Orleans (1978), a public square composed of
an exuberant collection of pieces of famous
Italian Renaissance architecture. Drawing
upon the Spanish Revival architecture of the
city hall, Moore designed the Beverly Hills
Civic Center in a mixture of Spanish Revival,
Art Deco and Post-Modern styles..
Notable features:
Complexity and contradiction, Oblique forms,
Color, Humor, Fragmentation

9. THE NEUE STAATSGALERIE
• One of the early postmodernist architects in
Europe was James Stirling (1926–1992).
• He was a first critic of modernist
architecture, blaming modernism for the
destruction of British cities in the years after
World War II.
• He designed colorful public housing
projects in the postmodern style, as well as
the Neue Staatsgalerie in Germany (1977–
1983) and the Kammertheater in Stuttgart
(1977–1982), as well as the Arthur M. Sackler
Museum at Harvard University in the United
States.
KAMMERTHEATER IN STUTTGART
ARTHUR M. SACKLER MUSEUM

10. ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN THE 1970S
CZECH AND SLOVAK FUNCTIONALISM
• The term Danish Functionalism is sometimes used
to describe the Danish branch of functionalistic
architecture which had its heyday in the 1970s.
• Danish Functionalists focused primarily on
functionality at the expense of aesthetics and
produced a number of buildings that are
characterized by straight angles, flat roofs, were
characteristic of Brutalist architecture by virtue of
the minimally decorated concrete slabs that the
buildings themselves are made of.
• A fine example of the Danish Functionalist style
is Aarhus University designed by the architect C.
F. Møller.
• Danish architects such as Kaare Klint and Arne
Jacobsen extended their approach to the
furniture now known as Danish modern.
• Functionalism was a dominant
architectonic style in
former Czechoslovakia in the period of
1928-1970.
• It was a result of fascination first by industrial
development and later by an effort "to
create a new man and new society" during
the period of the socialism .
• Its "program" was formulated by the Club of
architects in Prague in 1924. In 1930s and
then in 1960s and 1970s the position of
functionalism was dominant and almost
exclusive.
DANISH FUNCTIONALISM
Aarhus University- C.F .MOLLER
Danish Modern
chairs,
Danish Design
Museum,
Copenhagen

11. • Today's enthusiasm for green architecture
has its origins in the energy crisis of the
1970s, when architects began to question
the wisdom of building enclosed glass-and-
steel boxes that required massive heating
and cooling systems. Early proponents of
more energy-efficient architecture included
William McDonough, Bruce Fowle and
Robert Fox in America, Thomas Herzog in
Germany, and Norman Foster and Richard
Rogers in Britain.
• These forward-thinking architects began to
explore designs that focused on the long-
term environmental impact of maintaining
and operating a building, looking beyond
the so-called “first costs” of getting it built in
the first place.
THE RISE OF GREEN BUILDING
• High energy costs, environmental concerns
and anxiety about the “sick building
syndrome” associated with the sealed-box
structures of the 1970s all helped to jump-
start the green-architecture movement.
• The crisis, in turn, brought into relief the need
for diversified sources of energy and spurred
corporate and government investment in
solar, wind, water, and geothermal sources
of power.

12. By the late 1960s, domestic architecture
witnessed a shift away from the Modern
influences and back toward styles based on
traditional architectural shapes and detailing.
The Neo-Mansard form was not confined to
houses; it was also found on apartment houses,
small commercial buildings and shopping
centers.
Common Elements:
• Faux mansard roof
• Mansard is most often covered with wood
shakes
• Recessed windows in mansard roof
• Often has mansard roof on more than one
level
• Breakthrough cornice windows on later
examples
RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN THE 1970S
NEO-MANSARD STYLE

13. TIMELINE
1970
Construction begins
on the Sears Tower in
Chicago, designed
by Bruce
Graham and Fazlur
Khan (of Skidmore,
Owings & Merrill)
1971
Rothko Chapel in Houston, Texas,
designed by Mark
Rothko and Philip Johnson is
completed
1972
The Transamerica
Pyramid in San
Francisco, California,
designed by William
Pereira, is completed

14. Louis Kahn's last and arguably most
famous building, the National
Assembly Building
of Dhaka, Bangladesh, was
completed.
TIMELINE
1973
1974
1975
The World Trade
Center towers,
designed by Minoru
Yamasaki, are
opened in New York
Completion of
the Seoul
Tower in Seoul, South
Korea.

15. CN TOWER,
toronto,canada
-WZMH Architects
TIMELINE
1976
The CN Tower in Toronto
opens as the tallest
freestanding structure on
land.
The Barbican Estate,
designed by
Chamberlin, Powell
and Bon, opens in
the City of London
1976 1977
Georges Pompidou Center –
Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers
Charles Moore designs
the Piazza d'Italia
in New Orleans.
1979

16. Singapore:Modern architecture was most
important during the 1970s and 1980s. Brutalist
architecture was common. Some older
commercial buildings, such as the OCBC
Centre by I. M. Pei, and many government office
buildings are examples of this style.

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