Presentation to MCGM regarding Mumbai Development Plan 2014-34 - SWM

1. Mumbai Development Plan (2014-2034) Solid Waste Management Stakeholder Workshop to provide inputs to the Preparatory Studies document provided by MCGM 21st January, 2014 Conference Room, F(S) Ward Office Stree Mukti Sanghatana AAKAR Observer Research Foundation Mumbai

2. • Report available on following link has been referenced for this presentation http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/go/km/docs/documents/MCGM %20Department%20List/Chief%20Engineer%20%28Developm ent%20Plan%29/Preparatory%20Studies%20Report/PREPARA TORY%20STUDIES_PART_2_B.pdf Pages 165-168 (as per numbering in the report) Pages 15-18 (as per the PDF page reader) 2

3. Critique of Preparatory Studies document Many figures provided are not referenced and will need clarification. We feel that Preparatory Studies is an important document which will form the basis for further planning and all the data, assumptions and assertions made in the document need to be discussed and countered for their correctness or otherwise. 3

4. Nowhere in the whole document is the mention about reduction of waste at source. This has become the dominant philosophy for solid waste management, which guides all decisions regarding policy, land use, budget and operations in many parts of the world now. 4

5. Peoples vision document was submitted by “Hamara Shehar Vikas Niyojan – Mumbai DP Program” in September 2013. Those recommendations have not been included in the preparatory studies document 5

6. Existing crisis • No admission of the crisis's at Deonar and Kanjur • From a land use point of view the municipal corporation must admit and inform citizens of how challenging finding land for landfill sites has been. • Using the same as a basis it should layout and justify a plan for a decentralised and waste reduction at source policy 6

7. Photo: Vanashakti 7

8. Photo: Vanashakti 8

9. Livelihood linkages of solid waste not discussed adequately 9

10. • Table 34 on page 165 Mentions Number of community collection points as 3,751 Does this include the kind of sites shown in following slides? 10

11. Photo: Rishi Aggarwal 11

14. Review of the data and statements made in Challenges on page 166 14

15. 630 gm average waste generated per person per day Averages are misleading. Is this per family or per person? A classification of data needs to be done on following accounts 1. Bulk generators like restaurants, hotels, vegetable markets etc. and individual households and residential buildings 2. Slum and non-slum 15

16. 619 MT Was a study conducted? Total recovered waste including recyclables No reference given for this number? 16

17. 369 MT No reference to data source? per day of the solid waste generated is treated by converting it into organic manure, vermi-composting, vermi-culture No mention of any of the operational bio-gas plants Would an increase in decentralised treatment of organic waste be desirable? 17

18. Point no 5 page 166 “Lack of segregation of waste cause operation difficulties and eventually environmental damage at treatment issues. Land constraints are and very high land prices pose a challenge towards identification of land for locating sorting centres” How much land is required for sorting centres? Has the MCGM done a study on the same before arriving at a conclusion? 18

19. “The rest of the entire solid waste collected including construction and demolition waste are dumped in the landfill sites without any treatment” Is this an admission by the MCGM of failure and irresponsibility in implementing the MSW 2000 Rules? Use of word landfill sites incorrect. These facilities are unscientific garbage dumps 19

20. In 2005 a comprehensive survey was carried out by the SWM cell of the All India Institute of Local SelfGovernment (AIILSG), Mumbai, and a local NGO, the CLEAN-Sweep Forum, under the assistance of the US-Asia Environment Program (US-AEP) of USAID, to examine the ALM system and suggest necessary steps to revitalize this effective movement of peoples’ participation and help in developing its institutionalisation in the municipal set-up. The genesis of this research study was the extensive deliberations spread over a year, which CSF had with municipal officials such as the AMC in charge of SWM, which resulted in MCGM calling for a Project Report on the subject. http://mumbaiswm.wordpress.com/2009/07/31/cleansweep-report-on-preformance-of-alms/ 20

21. Table 5.1: Consolidated Quantitative Data of ALMs Surveyed in Mumbai Sr. Details No. M Ward Rest of City Total 1 22 23 45 63,015 88,845 4,405 kgs 6,164 kgs. 2,228 kgs. 3438 kgs. 51% 56% 795 kg 1,006 kg (16%) No.of ALMs surveyed No. of residents (at 5 per 25,830 family) 2 Total Waste generated in 1,759 kgs the ALM (minus inert) 2.1 Waste not going to 1,210 kgs. dumping grounds 2.2 Percentage of total waste 69% not going to dump 2.3 ‘Dry’ waste not going to 211 kg dump 21

22. 2.4 ‘Wet’ waste not going to dump 999 kg 1433 kg 2432 kg (40%) 2.5 Mixed waste still going to dump 549 kg 2177 kg 2726 kg (44%) 3 Waste generated p. family 0.340 kg 0.350 kg 0.345 kg ave* 0.234 kg 0.177 kg 0.190 kg ave (dry+wet+mixed) 4 Waste saved from dump per family per day 4.1 Total amount saved by ALMs for MCGM Rs.1936 Rs. @ Rs. 1.60 kg. per day/ per month per day per day 3565 Rs. 5501 per Rs. 58080 Rs. day Rs. 1,65,030 1,06,950 5 Compost generation per month 6 Employment Generation Full/part time 7 / 26 workers 3000 kg 4300 kg 7300 kg 65 / 20 72 / 46 22

23. In the absence of high quality, reliable and detailed data, it is not possible to calculate land requirement for decentralised waste management 23

24. We challenge the point there is paucity of lands Making the Development Plan should logically be done keeping in mind that influencing the SWM policy would have significant impact on increasing or decreasing the land requirements in the 2014-2034 timeframe THE RIGHT SWM POLICY WILL HELP REDUCE THE DEMAND FOR LAND 24

25. Suggestions Preparatory studies document needs to provide ward wise statistics for following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Hotel/Restaurant waste Vegetable market waste House hold waste Low/high income house holds Garden waste Religious waste Biomedical waste Slaughter house 25

26. Suggestions • Provide space for decentralised waste management in each of the 151 planning sectors identified. • 415 sqkm is Planning Area for DP2014-34. Each sector = 2.74 sqkm = 677 acres • It will be desirable to devote at least one acre for decentralised waste management facilities in each sector. 26

27. Suggestions • Bio-mining at Gorai dumping ground to create space for developing bio gas plants, windrows, dry waste sorting centres and other waste management facilities • Significant population in R Wards and a large part of the waste can avoid travelling till Kanjur and Deonar. 27

28. Glass Metal Green Plastic landfill

29. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND ECONOMICS • 1 MT biodegradable waste is going to be 1 to 2 MT food for tomorrow. • Decentralized plants can substantially reduce transportation costs and associated hazards. • 1 MT biodegradable waste resource processing through Nisargruna generates • employment for 1 person • 15-30 Kg fuel (Methane gas) • 50-90 Kg manure

30. 1 MT biodegradable waste resource will generate 30 Kg Methane This is equivalent to 630 Kg CO2 for carbon emission purpose Every tonne of biodegradable waste produced reduces 1 MT of CO2 considering methane generated and fuel saved for transportation. This is equivalent to 1 CER (Certified emission reduction)

31. Average installation cost for 1. 1-5 MT/day plants would be Rs. 17-20 Lakhs per tonne ($28000 to 32000) 2. 10 to 25 MT/day plants would be Rs. 15 Lakhs/MT

32. Average O&M cost per annum for 1. 1-5 MT/day plants would be Rs. 1.2 Lakhs per tonne 2. 10 to 25 MT/day plants would be Rs. 0.8 Lakhs/MT

33. Space economy in Nisargruna plants Capacity Space Quantity processed MT M2 in 30 years (MT) 1 60 9900 2 100 19800 5 400 49500 10 1000 99000 25 2000 247500 50 4000 495000 Average life of a Nisargruna plant will be 30 years

34. • Paying back Nature’s loan • Improving the environment • Maintaining the resource recycling in equilibrium • Improving the health aspects of city and country • Reducing carbon emissions through • Vehicular transportation check • Using biogas to replace fossil fuels • Stopping the emission of methane at dumps • Using manure replacing urea

35. NISARGRUNA PLANT: RAW MATERIALS Type of material No. of plants Locations > 100 Most of the existing plants Vegetable market > 30 Some plants receive mix materials Abattoir discards 4 Deonar, Solapur, Kalyan Bone protein factory discards 3 Chandrapur Kitchen discards Cattle dung 10 Nasik, Chiplun, Pali, Anjangaon, Vasai, Tara

36. Compost pits Brick Construction •Suitable for organic waste •Output – compost  Provide suitable solutions -Brick constuction (Available in various capacities) SIZES 100 families 3 pits of size 5’x3’x2’ Maintenance Output - Compost

37. Biogas Plants 100 Kg Biogas Plant at TISS Output- Biogas and Manure

38. TCS, THANE • 1MT/day Food resource from TCS canteen • Area 40 m2 • Biogas for Kitchen • June 2009

39. Balloon room Generator Gas dome Solar heater New waste resource processing room

40. Sustainable Solid Waste Management Solutions for Mumbai Saurabh Shah 15 Jan 2014

41. Situation in Mumbai Population of Mumbai 1,50,00,000 Number of Wards 151 Average Population of each ward 1 Lac Per Capita Waste Generation per day 0.5 kg Percentage Organic Waste 50% Total Organic Waste per day per Ward 12,500 kg Total Inorganic Waste per day per Ward 12,500 kg

42. Solution for Mumbai • Each ward to have its own de-centralized waste management center (DWMC) • Each DWMC to be housed in a facility of about 2000 square meters • DWMC to have 3 sections – Waste Receiving and Segregation Section (200 sq m) – Organic Waste Treatment Section (1000 sq m) – Dry Waste Recycling Section (800 sq m) • The DWMC can be co-located with Public Toilets urinals as a multi utility complex • DWMC to employ rag pickers to be trained for Capacity Building by local NGO’s • In case of unavailability of a single piece of land, the DWMC can be further split into 3-4 DWMC’s each of 500 sq m

43. Solution for Mumbai • Excel’s de-centralized Organic Waste Converter (OWC) technology can be utilized to convert the organic waste into rich compost • Garden waste can be converted into fuel pellets or briquettes using a briquetting technology • Dry Waste Recycling can be carried out by NGO’s working closely with ragpickers, kabadiwalas and recylcers

44. Thank you 44