changes Open Science in High-Energy Physics - Salvatore Mele at OpenCon

1. Change Alley: Open Science in High-Energy Physics a.k.a. what’s impossible and what’s not November 14th, 2015 OpenCon 2015 - Brussels Salvatore.Mele@CERN.ch

2. HEP – High Energy Physics (crawling Wikipedia)

3. What is the world made of ? International Catalog of World Coins

4. How does stuff work ? ﬂickr.com/photos/paulm/2253776428/

5. International co-operation

6. LHC 10’000+ scientists+engineers, 113 countries, 20+ years

7. 27 Km, -271.25°C, 99.999999% of speed of light

8. Four “detectors”

9. Large as a cathedral ﬂickr.com/photos/the_yes_man/4012514457

10. 100 million “sensors”, 40 million pictures/second

11. More than 100PB(=100’000TB) on tape at CERN

12. Welcome to CERN Discovery of the Higgs boson

13. article 2899 authors references

14. 90% of HEP articles: 1-5 authors (mostly theorists)

16. L3 detector at CERN LEP accelerator

17. Head of Open Access at CERN

18. Wikipedia

20. ﬂickr.com/photos/londonmatt/3163571645

21. ﬂickr.com/photos/funky64/3925955346

22. impossible

23. Observer,Alamy

24. Wikipedia

25. Scholarly communication would have been impossible without scientiﬁc journals

26. Observer,Alamy

27. smaismrmilmepoetaleumibunenugttauiras

28. Altissimum planetam tergeminum observavi

29. Once upon a time, when air-mail was fast…

30. …HEP scientists wrote papers…

31. …passed them through the cyclostyle/mimeograph… Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh

32. …then mailed them to journals AND colleagues…

33. …other scientists read these PREPRINTS…

34. …libraries catalogued these PREPRINTS…

35. … into Open Access repositories.

36. T. Berners-Lee, CERN, ’91: the web is born

37. P. Ginsparg ’91:“Preprints on the internet?” arXiv.org

38. 97% of HEP journals’ content is in arXiv.org

39. Effects of global (green) Open Access in HEP Open Access accelerates Science! Scientiﬁc dialogue on subject repositories % of HEP journals content is OA as preprin Journals no longer have a communication role! en Access subject repositories accelerate Scienc HEP articles also available OA! Years ! Citatations! 0 ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 8 !-1 ! 4! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! Only published ! Gentil-Beccot, Mele, Brooks arXiv:0906.5418

40. Is impossible to convert existing journals to Open Access limiting the use of fresh money, and with no burden for researchers

41. ﬂickr.com/photos/ipalatin/6031936991

42. Observer,Alamy

43. SCOAP3.org Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics

44. Re-use the CERN model…

45. …of international co-operation…

46. build a global partnership

47. Re-use money …

48. …spent by libraries for subscriptions…

49. …and liaise with Funding Agencies…

50. …to pay peer-review/publishing services…

51. …and not for content...

52. …which is “mostly open” anyhow!

53. Keep scientists happy !

54. Sweden 0,8% Mexico 0,8% Taiwan 0,8% Portugal 0,9% Netherlands 0,9% Iran 0,9% Israel 1,0% Poland 1,3% Switzerland 1,4% Korea 1,8% CERN 2,0% India 2,6% Brazil 2,6% Canada 2,7% Spain 2,9% Russia 3,4% France 3,8% China 5,3% United Kingdom 6,7% Italy 6,9% Japan 7,2% Germany 9,1% United States 24,9% Other Countries 9,3% Cern Scientific Information Service Distribution of HEP publications, average 2005-2006 J. Krause et al. CERN-OPEN-2007-014 Estimated cost: 5M€/year fairly distributed: each country contributes share of HEP publications

55. Took some time to get organized

56. Publisher Journal Nuclear Physics B Physics Letters B Advances in High Energy Physics Chinese Physics C Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics New Journal of Physics Acta Physica Polonica B Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics European Physical Journal C Journal of High Energy Physics

57. Start SCOAP3

58. Publisher Journal articles Nuclear Physics B 605 Physics Letters B 1’659 Advances in High Energy Physics 312 Chinese Physics C 44 Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 414 New Journal of Physics 17 Acta Physica Polonica B 33 Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 148 European Physical Journal C 1’045 Journal of High Energy Physics 3’839 Articles as of November 13th 2015: Share of all HEP 8’116 >50%

59. 3 times cheaper than hybrid APCs ~10 times cheaper for public purse 99.98% compliance

60. Publisher Journal APC Nuclear Physics B $ 2’000 Physics Letters B $ 1’800 Advances in High Energy Physics $ 1’000 Chinese Physics C £ 1’000 Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics £ 1’400 New Journal of Physics £ 1’200 Acta Physica Polonica B € 500 Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics £ 1’000 European Physical Journal C € 1’500 Journal of High Energy Physics € 1’200 Average effective APC 2014: (In 2014 SCOAP3 pays max 2011 #articles, rest free) € 1’042

61. SCOAP3 journals APC (2014, in Euro) 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Sources: Journal Cita?on Report, publishers’ websites, scoap3.org, webarchive.org 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Impact Factor (2012) Chart: C. Romeu et al. (2014) The SCOAP3 ini1a1ve and the Open Access - Ar1cle- Processing-Charge market: global partnership and compe11on improve value in the dissemina1on of science DOI: 10.2314/CERN/C26P.W9DT a)  hUps://github.com/OpenAPC/openapc-de; b)  hUp://ﬁgshare.com/ar?cles/2015_Jan_June_UK_APC_data_combined/1509860 c)  hUp://blog.wellcome.ac.uk/2015/03/03/the-reckoning-an-analysis-of-wellcome- trust-open-access-spend-2013-14/ Average APC 2014 paid by German universi?es: € 1,234a SCOAP3 average eﬀec?ve APC 2014: € 1,042 Average APC 2015 paid by UK higher educa?on inst: € 2,351b Average APC 2013-2014 paid by the Wellcome Trust: € 2,502c Real costs to the system (very liUle fresh money)

62. Partnership Dec 2013 Partners joined during 2014 Partners joining in 2015 Partnership today: 43 countries + 3 IGOs Austria Belgium Canada CERNa China Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong Hungary IAEAb NEW: Iceland Israel Italy Japan JINRc Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland NEW: Taiwan Turkey United Kingdom United States of America NEW: 12 additional U.S. Universities a) European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva b) International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna c) Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna representing 12 of its member states 46 countries, 3 IGO, 3’000 libraries today, and growing

63. Research intensive countries supporting SCOAP3 Territory size shows the proportion of all scientiﬁc papers published in 2001 written by authors living there http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=205

64. SCOAP3 Partner Other countries with at least one SCOAP3 author 18’000 authors from 90 countries

65. Piled Higher and Deeper by Jorge Cham www.phdcomics.com title: "Sharing" - originally published 9/4/2015 phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=1818

66. Piled Higher and Deeper by Jorge Cham www.phdcomics.com title: "Sharing" - originally published 9/4/2015 data

67. Open Data in High-Energy Physics is impossible (too complex, large, dangerous, un-understandable, useless…)

68. Observer,Alamy

69. L3 detector at CERN LEP accelerator

70. hep-ex/0406049; 10.1016/j.physrep.2004.07.002

71. hep-ex/0406049; 10.1016/j.physrep.2004.07.002

72. hep-ex/0406049; 10.1016/j.physrep.2004.07.002

73. hep-ex/0406049; 10.1016/j.physrep.2004.07.002

74. hep-ex/0406049; 10.1016/j.physrep.2004.07.002

75. hep-ex/0406049; 10.1016/j.physrep.2004.07.002

76. hep-ex/0406049; 10.1016/j.physrep.2004.07.002

77. Welcome to CERN To ﬁnd the Higgs boson…

78. …analyse ~100PB(=100’000TB) on tape at CERN

79. What you really need to understand the Universe?

80. ﬂickr.com/photos/mbiddulph/3240818979

81. Persistent Identiﬁers: no-proﬁt, community-driven, infrastructures

82. width. Acknowledgments AF thanks Dean Carmi, Erik Kuflik, Francesco Riva, Alfredo Urbano, Tomer Volansky and Jure Zupan for collaboration on closely related projects. AF also thanks the organizers of the conference Windows on the Universe for the invitation and support. References 1. G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], Phys. Lett. B 716, 1 (2012) [arXiv:1207.7214 [hep-ex]]. S. Chatrchyan et al. [CMS Collaboration], Phys. Lett. B 716, 30 (2012) [arXiv:1207.7235 [hep-ex]]. 2. B. Grzadkowski et al. , JHEP 1010, 085 (2010) [arXiv:1008.4884 [hep-ph]], 3. R. Contino et al. JHEP 1307 (2013) 035 [arXiv:1303.3876 [hep-ph]]. 4. A. Falkowski, F. Riva and A. Urbano, arXiv:1303.1812 [hep-ph]. 5. G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], Phys. Lett. B 726 (2013) 88 [arXiv:1307.1427 [hep-ex]]. 6. ATLAS Collaboration, “Data from Figure 7 from: Measurements of Higgs boson produc- tion and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC: H ! ,” http://doi.org/10.7484/INSPIREHEP.DATA.A78C.HK44 7. ATLAS Collaboration, “Data from Figure 7 from: Measurements of Higgs boson pro- duction and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC: H ! ZZ⇤ ! 4`,” http://doi.org/10.7484/INSPIREHEP.DATA.RF5P.6M3K 8. ATLAS Collaboration, “Data from Figure 7 from: Measurements of Higgs boson pro- duction and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC: H ! WW⇤ ! `⌫`⌫,” http://doi.org/10.7484/INSPIREHEP.DATA.26B4.TY5F 9. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2013-034. 10. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2013-079. 11. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2012-135. 12. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2013-080. 13. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2013-009. 14. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2013-010. 15. CMS Collaboration, CMS-HIG-13-001.

83. ﬂickr.com/photos/nationalmuseumofamericanhistory/12619971753

84. Global community response

85. CMS detector

86. CMS collaboration: 3000 scientists, 85 countries - Consensus

87. CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy CMS data are unique and are the result of vast and long-term moral, human and financial investment by the international community. There is unique scientific opportunity in re-using these data, at different level of abstraction and at different points in time1 . This opportunity calls for our collective responsibility, and poses unprecedented challenges as no data sample of this complexity and value has ever been preserved or made available for later re-use. The CMS collaboration is committed to preserve its data, at different levels of complexity, and to allow their re-use by a wide community including: collaboration members long after the data are taken, experimental and theoretical HEP scientists who were not members of the collaboration, educational and outreach initiatives, and citizen scientists in the general public. CMS upholds the principle that open access to the data will, in the long term, allow the maximum realization of their scientific potential. To that extent, CMS will provide open access to its data after a suitable but relatively short embargo period, allowing CMS collaborators to fully exploit their scientific potential. This policy describes the CMS principles of data preservation, re-use and open access, as well as the relevant actors in all these tasks and their roles and responsibilities. CMS understands that in order to fully exploit all these re-use opportunities, immediate and continued resources are needed. The level of support that CMS will be able to provide to external users depends on the available funding. This policy addresses the moral responsibility of CMS for its data, as well as the increasing concern of fundingDOI: 10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.UDBF.JKR9

88. DOI: 10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.UDBF.JKR9

89. G. Organtini

90. G. Organtini

91. G. Organtini

92. Wikipedia

93. ﬂickr.com/photos/londonmatt/3163571645

94. ﬂickr.com/photos/funky64/3925955346

95. Observer,Alamy

96. ﬂickr.com/photos/hernanpc/16418578245

97. Salvatore.MELE@cern.ch

changes Open Science in High-Energy Physics - Salvatore Mele at OpenCon

Right to Research

changes Open Science in High-Energy Physics - Salvatore Mele at OpenCon