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Sex Differences in Estimated vs Actual Smartphone Use
- 1. INTRODUCTION • Social uses (e.g., social media) are more prevalent in women than men, whereas process uses (e.g., entertainment) are more prevalent in men than women (van Deursen et al., 2015). • However, these sex differences may not emerge in estimates of smartphone use given the inaccuracies in reporting the number and types of online use (Andrews et al, 2015; Araujo et al., 2017). METHODS • Participants: Undergraduate iPhone users age 18 to 35; N = 189, (111 Women; 78 Men) • Procedures: Participants estimated the percentage of smartphone usage for each of the iPhone categories. Then using the iPhone screen-time feature, participants indicated the weekly time spent per category in hours and minutes, which were converted into actual use percentages. RESULTS & DISCUSSION • Consistent with Van Deursen et al. (2015), social uses were greater for women than men, but with the opposite pattern for entertainment uses. • However, this sex difference was obtained in the actual but not the estimated percentages, thereby further underlying the importance of using actual rather than estimated reports. Zahra Alkhayat, Fatima Naeem, Rida Waseem, Gregory A. Norville, and Lara L. Jones, PhD 40 62 24 16 40 52 28 23 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 Estimated (%) on Social Uses Actual (%) on Social Uses Estimated (%) on Entertainment Actual (%) on Entertainment Sex Differences in Social and Entertainment Smartphone Use Women (n = 111) Men (n = 78) p = .88 p = .002 p = .10 p = .016 * * Percentage of Smartphone Use Sex differences were found for actual (but not estimated) social and entertainment use. Women reported a higher percentage of social use, while men reported a higher use of entertainment. Sex Differences in Estimated vs. Actual Smartphone Use Social 52% Health & Fitness 1% Games 5% Entertain. 23% Productivity 6% Reading & Reference 5% Education 2% Creativity 4% Other 2% Men-Actual Smartphone Use(%) Social 62% Health & Fitness 1% Games 4% Entertain. 16% Productivity 5% Reading & Reference 4% Education 3% Creativity 4% Other 1% Women-Actual Smartphone Use (%) More Results… Estimated vs. Actual Use • Social use was underestimated for both women, t(110) = 11.79, p < .001, and men, t(77) = 4.68, p < .001. • Entertainment use was overestimated for both women, t(110) = 4.49, p < .001, and men, t(77) = 2.83, p = .006.