This document discusses the vision and strategies for information technology development in Indonesia. It covers topics like layering of IT, technical standards, core technologies, principles of the National Information Infrastructure, and initiatives in Singapore like TradeNet and data hubs. It also explores trends in communication, computer, and content technologies, providing examples like wireless WAN, HDSL, multicast backbone, and application-specific devices. The document emphasizes observing grassroots technological developments and opportunities they provide.

1. Perkembangan Teknologi
Informasi Abad 21
Onno W. Purbo
Computer Network Research Group (CNRG)
Institut Teknologi Bandung
yc1dav@cnrg.itb.ac.id.
yc1dav@garuda.drn.go.id.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

2. Information Technology
Communication
Computer
Content
Computer Network Research Group ITB

3. Information Technology
3C
Computer Network Research Group ITB

4. Outline
q Visi
q Layering & Strategies in Information
Technology.
q Filosofi dibalik trend teknologi informasi
sebuah phenomena de-facto vs. de-jure.
sebuah phenomena arus bawah vs. atas.
q Sisi praktis perkembangan Teknologi
informasi.
q Penutup
Computer Network Research Group ITB

5. Objectives
Melihat beberapa sisi perkembangan
teknologi informasi
Membaca Filosofi Perkembangan
Teknologi Informasi
Computer Network Research Group ITB

6. Visi
Mari Belajar Dari Visi Negara Lain
Computer Network Research Group ITB

7. Vision
q IT2000 - Vision of An Intelligent Island
(Singapore) - http://www.ncb.gov.sg
q National Information Infrastructure (NII) -
ada banyak Web yang membawa NII.
q Asia Pacific Information Infrastructure
(APII).
q Information Superhighway.
q One Stop, Non-Stop Services.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

8. Arus Atas & Arus Bawah
Sebuah Phenomena
dalam Perkembangan
Information
Technology.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

9. Pelajaran Utama
kita perlu memperhatikan
secara seksama
perkembangan arus
bawah yang terjadi .....
Computer Network Research Group ITB

10. Pelajaran Utama
Pergeseran konsep yang
fundamental IT banyak
terjadi justru dibawah!
contoh
Internet ...
Computer Network Research Group ITB

11. Contoh Komentar Para
Legendaris Arus Bawah
“Either lead or follow but please
don’t block the road for those
who would move forward” - Phil
Karn.
“The IETF rejects presidents,
kings and voting. We believe in
rough consensus and working
code” - David Clarke.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

12. Visi Arus Bawah
Low Cost Equipments
No Regulation only Concensus
Independent Service
Distributed System
Small & Specific
Computer Network Research Group ITB

13. Strategies in Information
Technology
Konseptualisasi
Information
Technology
Computer Network Research Group ITB

14. Layering of Information
Technology
Legal Framework
National IT Application
Policies and
Standards
Technical
Common Network
Services
Telecommunication
Network
Computer Network Research Group ITB

15. Technical Standards
q Digital Media
q Open Systems
q Bar-coding
q Smart Cards
q Security
q High Definition TeleVision (HDTV).
q Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).
q Document Representation (HTML, SGML)
Computer Network Research Group ITB

16. Core Information Technology
q Multimedia
q Real Time Computing
q Knowledge Systems
q Advanced Telecommunications & Networking
q Human Interface
q Systems and Models
Computer Network Research Group ITB

17. Principle of the NII
q Distributed
– 'Middleware' such as APIs, RPCs, and
Messages
q Ubiquitous
– Information Appliances and Utility
q Reliable
– Fault Tolerance, Distributed Systems, DCE
q Secure
– Communications, Data and User Access
Security
Computer Network Research Group ITB

18. Principle of the NII
q Multi-service
– Bandwidth on Demand - Gigabit Networks
q Easy to Use
– Ergonomics and Multilingual Characters
q Open
– Standards for Interoperability, Portability,
Integration
Computer Network Research Group ITB

19. Let’s see
Singapore
One of my favorite!
Computer Network Research Group ITB

20. Singapore’s IT Milestones
IT 2000
Informatisation
1992
National IT Plan 1986
National Computeriztion Plan 1980
Computer Network Research Group ITB

21. Singapore’s National IT Plan
IT Manpower
IT
Collaboration
Coordination
IT Culture Application
Information Communication IT
Infrastructure Industry
Climate for Creativity &
Entrepreneurship
Computer Network Research Group ITB

22. IT2000
Vision of an Intelligent Island
Information Appliances
IT links Computers
Accessing
In Every Home, Office,
Rich Array
School, Factory,
of Multimedia Services
and Government ...
Advanced National Smart Infrastructure
Information - Ports, Schools,
Infrastructure Roads
Computer Network Research Group ITB

23. IT2000 Sectoral Group
q Tourist & Leisure q Financial Services.
Services. q Media Publishing &
q Transportation. Information Services.
q Retail, Wholesale & q Manufacturing.
Distribution. q IT Industry.
q Construction & Real q HealthCare.
Estate. q Government
q Education & Training.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

24. Some Singapore’s Initiatives
q Trade-Net
q Establishment of Data Hubs.
q Student’s & Teacher’s Workbench.
q Internet for Schools.
q Construction and Real Estate NETwork.
q Legal Services - Court Vision 21.
q Helthcare MediNet
q Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
q TourNet
q Borderless Library Network.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

25. Singapore’s TradeNet
q Customs. q Carriers.
q Wholesalers. q Transport Companies.
q Distributors. q Banks.
q Retailers. q Information Providers.
q Importers / Exporters. q Insurance Companies.
q Freight Forwarders. q Air Cargo Agents.
q Shipping Agents. q Other Gov’t Agencies.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

26. Tradenet’s Performance
q SIM Award 1989.
q 20 Gov’t Agencies.
q 8500 Companies.
q 95% electronic submission.
q Approval reduced from 2 days to 15 mins.
q 20-30% increase in user productivity.
q 24 hour operation.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

27. TradeNet Key Factor.
q Human Resource.
q Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).
Computer Network Research Group ITB

28. Singapore’s Data Hub
q Land Hub
– Physical land-related data including lot
boundaries, buildings, utilities, roads.
q Estab Hub
– Business information like name, registration
number, paid-up capital, directors information.
q People Hub
– Personal data like name, NRIC, address, sex,
date of birth etc.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

29. Data Hubs Benefits
q Reduced effort in data collection and
processing.
q Minimise redudancy and duplication of data
storage.
q Less of a bother for the citizen to fill up
common information already known.
q More timely, accurate and consistent data.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

30. User’s Perspectives
Arah Perkembangan
di Bawah
(arus bawah)
Computer Network Research Group ITB

31. Demand Push
q High Speed
2Mbps WAN is bare minimum!
q Video / Multimedia Applications
Virtual Reality is one of the
ultimate goal!
Computer Network Research Group ITB

32. Konsekuensi Teknologi
Application Specific
Personal Interaction - Multimedia
Computer Network Research Group ITB

33. Trend Communication
Technology
High Speed Clear Channel
atau
Small High Speed Packet
Computer Network Research Group ITB

34. Apa yang di inginkan user?
High speed & low cost!
Tidak harus B-ISDN / ATM / E1 / T1
dkk dll .....
Computer Network Research Group ITB

35. Arus Bawah Memilih
High Speed Clear Channel
(low cost!)
Computer Network Research Group ITB

36. Konsekuensi Lain
High Speed Switching Router
Computer Network Research Group ITB

37. Trend Computer Technology
Small
Low Cost
Application Specific
Computer Network Research Group ITB

38. Bisa kita Perhatikan
q Mainframe vs. Personal Computer.
q RISC Processsors.
q Palmtop application specific computing
devices .....
Computer Network Research Group ITB

39. Apa yang di inginkan user?
q High speed & low cost!
q bukan multi-purpose devices.
q rela membeli banyak cheap / low
cost application specific appliances.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

40. Trend Content
Multimedia
Interactive
Computer Network Research Group ITB

41. Apa yang di inginkan user?
Live Personal Communication
& information retrieval
Computer Network Research Group ITB

42. Hal lain yang diinginkan ..
Network Security!
Computer Network Research Group ITB

43. Cukup dengan Filosofi
Get real!
Computer Network Research Group ITB

44. Teknologi Komunikasi
Clear Channel High Speed
Computer Network Research Group ITB

45. Contoh Nyata Teknologi
Komunikasi
q Wireless Wide Area Network
q Teknologi HDSL & sebangsanya.
q Multicast Backbone (MBONE)
q 100Mbps Ethernet
Computer Network Research Group ITB

46. Peralatan Wireless WAN
q Card Wireless Ethernet
q Speed 2Mbps s/d 10Mbps
q Distance 15-40 km :-) ....
q Antenna Yagi / Disc
q PC sebagai router ke LAN Ethernet
Computer Network Research Group ITB

47. Wireless LAN
PC dengan spesifikasi:
386
4Mbyte RAM
PC / Workstation Cukup Floppy
Ethernet card ke LAN
Computer Network Research Group ITB

48. Wireless LAN
PC / Workstation Wireless Ethernet Card
Spec. 250mW
915MHz / 2.4GHz
2,048Mbps
Teknologi CDMA
US$750 / buah
Computer Network Research Group ITB

49. Wireless LAN
Loop Yagi Antenna
PC / Workstation
Antenna Loop Yagi
915Mhz
Rp. 100.000,-
Disc 2.4GHz
Computer Network Research Group ITB

50. Wireless LAN
15 Km @ 250mW
915MHz CDMA
PC / Workstation PC / Workstation
Percobaan di ITB, Bandung
Dengan Antenna Loop Yagi 915MHz
Jarak 15 km LAN-to-LAN Connection 2Mbps
(sponsor PT. Compact Microwave Indonesia)
Computer Network Research Group ITB

51. Mungkinkah Membuat Sendiri
Wireless LAN Equipments?
Sangat Mungkin!
Chip Set CDMA Cellular banyak
dipasaran ....
Computer Network Research Group ITB

52. Bagaimana Dengan Regulasi?
q MenParPostel belum mempunyai
regulasi tentang CDMA ....
q Peluang untuk melakukan
penelitian & perubahan regulasi
untuk CDMA di Indonesia
Computer Network Research Group ITB

53. Teknologi HDSL
q Modem HDSL
q Speed 2,048Mbps
q Distance 5 km via chopper wire
q PC dengan Interface card / Router
Computer Network Research Group ITB

54. HDSL Equipment
HDSL Modem 2Mbps
Campus / Local
Area Network
Twisted Telephone
Cable
PC / Workstation
Computer Network Research Group ITB

55. Konsep Multicast Backbone
q IP address MBone 224.0.0.0
q Client akan “monitor” pada IP address
MBONE.
q Menggunakan software switching
mrouted
Computer Network Research Group ITB

56. Visualisasi MBONE
Client
Transmit pada
224.0.0.x Workstation
Client
Workstation Workstation
Server
Video
Client
Workstation
Computer Network Research Group ITB

57. Aplikasi MBONE
q Video Broadcasting via Internet
q TV Broadcasting via Internet
q TV Reflector di Internet
q Video Teleconference via Internet
Computer Network Research Group ITB

58. Teknologi Komputer
Application Specific
Computing Devices
Computer Network Research Group ITB

59. Contoh Nyata
q Internet Toaster US$500 :-) ....
q Processor + 4Mb RAM +
Modem - US$250 ...
Computer Network Research Group ITB

60. Argumentasi Intel
q Visi “The Connected PC”.
q Reduced Microprocessor Price.
q Imbedded Multimedia.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

61. Content
Interactive Multimedia
Network Security
Computer Network Research Group ITB

62. Contoh Nyata
Java & HotJava
CU-see-Me
(Video Conference)
Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML)
Computer Network Research Group ITB

63. CU-see-Me
Computer Network Research Group ITB

64. Cybercast Station
http://www.nus.sg/Cybercast/Cybercast.html
Mac Quadra Internet
CU-see-Me Client US
Reflector Sites
UK
Reflector
Audio cybercast.nus.sg
Video
Japan
VCR
Australia
Internet
MBone Tunnel
cybercast.nus.sg
Computer Network Research Group ITB

65. Cybercast Station
Satellite / Microwave Disc
Forhttp://www.nus.sg/Cybercast/Cybercast.html
Receiving Broadcast
Transmission
Mac Quadra Internet
CU-see-Me Client US
Reflector Sites
UK
Reflector
Audio cybercast.nus.sg
Video
Japan
VCR
Australia
Internet
MBone Tunnel
cybercast.nus.sg
Computer Network Research Group ITB

66. Cybercast Station
http://www.nus.sg/Cybercast/Cybercast.html
Mac Quadra Internet
CU-see-Me Client US
Reflector Sites
VCR to remove the RF signal
UK
and split video & audio signals
Reflector
Audio cybercast.nus.sg
Video
Japan
VCR
Australia
Internet
MBone Tunnel
cybercast.nus.sg
Computer Network Research Group ITB

67. Cybercast Station
http://www.nus.sg/Cybercast/Cybercast.html
MacQuadra sebagai server
Mac Quadra InternetCU-see-Me
CU-see-Me Client US
Reflector Sites
UK
Reflector
Audio cybercast.nus.sg
Video
Japan
VCR
Australia
Internet
MBone Tunnel
cybercast.nus.sg
Computer Network Research Group ITB

68. Cybercast Station
Reflector / Relay24 jam
http://www.nus.sg/Cybercast/Cybercast.html
Bagi trsnsmisi video
Mac Quadra Internet
CU-see-Me Client US
Reflector Sites
UK
Reflector
Audio cybercast.nus.sg
Video
Japan
VCR
Australia
Internet
MBone Tunnel
cybercast.nus.sg
Computer Network Research Group ITB

69. Cybercast Station
http://www.nus.sg/Cybercast/Cybercast.html
Mac Quadra Internet
CU-see-Me Client US
Reflector Sites
UK
Reflector
Audio cybercast.nus.sg
Video
MBone Tunnel
Japan
VCR untuk transmisi via
Firewall / Internet
Australia
Internet
MBone Tunnel
cybercast.nus.sg
Computer Network Research Group ITB

70. Some Cool URLs in Internet
q http://irdu.nus.sg/vrml/ VRML site
q http://irdu.nus.sg/hotjava/HotJava Web site
q http://nusinfo.nus.sg:80/Major/vod.html
Video on Demand
Computer Network Research Group ITB

71. High Profit IT Business
q Human Resource
q Manufacturing backed by Research &
Development
Computer Network Research Group ITB

72. Bagaimana dengan
Indonesia?
Sekelumit R&D di ITB
Computer Network Research Group ITB

73. Sekelumit kegiatan R&D ITB
q NOC untuk Bandung-Net.
q 2Mbps Ku-Band gate ke Asian Internet
Interconnection Initiative / AI3 (Nara, Japan).
q 38.4Kbps L-Band gate ke Partners gateway
(Kashima, Japan).
q HDLC Card 64-256Kbps.
q GMSK 19.2Kbps & 64-256Kbps modem.
q DSP based modems (support Motorola
International Inc).
q Terminal Node Controllers untuk packet
network.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

74. Network Center - CNRG-ITB The EE-Net Backbone
to PT. Telkom (telkom.co.id)
~14,4Kbps most of the time
MultiTech 28.8Kbps C-Band SCPC Ground Station
sumbangan PT. PanSystem PT. Elektrindo Nusantara
HP 9000
Ethernet
series 400
DNS 386 - NOS
486 - FreeBSD
Novell Server (no harddisk)
DNS & mail gate
To ITB Main Library
Thick Ethernet
Thin Ethernet
486 - NOS 486 - NOS
From LPP Jogyakarta 486 - NOS Pentium in Progress
Modem
From PT. Holycommindo
2Mbps link Ku-Band via
JCSat to WIDE JAPAN
Dedicated 139MHz
HF SSB 300bps HF SSB VHF 148MHz
1200/9600bps
Computer Network
7MHz network Research Group 14MHz Net
ITB to LAPAN Bogor
Bandung Network

75. Kerjasama / Sponsored R&D
q 38.4Kbps C-Band gate ke PT. Elektrindo
Nusantara.
q Leased line 28.8-14.4Kbps via MultiTech &
Motorola Vanguard 300 (PT. Telkom,
PT.PanSystem & PT. Abhitama Citra Abadi)
q Operasi 9 gateway radio (7 VHF & 2 HF) -
(partly PT. Hollycommindo Hitech).
q Operasi 2 link 2Mbps WaveLAN (PT.
Compact Microwave Indonesia)
Computer Network Research Group ITB

76. Beberapa Obsesi CNRG-ITB
q Running an Indonesian MBone Tunnel &
Reflector Site.
q Running CU-see-Me Teleconference site
(butuh videoblaster + multimedia kit).
q Build 2-10Mbps Wireless Equipments.
q Build 2Mbps HDSL modem & interface.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

77. Summary
q Human Resource would be the key to
success.
q Belajar dari pergerakan arus bawah di
Information Technology.
q Belajar dari pergerakan National
Information Infrastructure - antisipasi
market shift.
Computer Network Research Group ITB

78. Computer Network Research Group ITB

79. Computer Network Research Group ITB