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SOUTH, CENTRAL, AND
WEST ASIAN ARTS
Arts Quarter - III

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PERIODS OF INDIAN ART
LESSONS:
RANGOLI
PAKISTAN
UZBEKISTAN, KAZAKHSTAN, TAJIKISTAN
01
02
03
04
05 TURKMENISTAN AND KYRGYZSTAN
03
06 ARTS AND CRAFTS OF THE MIDDLE EAST

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PERIODS OF INDIAN ART

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Anjanta Caves of Maharashtra
The Ajanta Caves of Maharashtra, India
are 30 rock-cut cave monuments that date
back from the 2nd century BCE to the
600 CE, including paintings and
sculptures considered to be masterpieces
of Buddhist religious art , as well as
frescos that are reminiscent of the Sigiriya
paintings in Sri Lanka.

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The Image of Shiva
Classical Period ( 5th to 6th centuries)
The image of Shiva, the destroyer
develop into Shiva the Cosmic- dance the
four arm figure, where one hand holds the
fire with which he destroys, another holds
a drum, which is the first sound heard in
the world at birth, the third arm points up
in a reassuring gesture and a fourth points
down to the dwarf in which he dances.

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Islamic Ascendancy (1192-1757) or
Transitional Period
This was the period of evolution from Vedism
into Hinduism or Brahmanism. The two great
Indian epics: the Mahabharata and the
Ramayana emerged in this period.

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MOGUL PERIOD ( 16TH CENTURY)
Moguls contributed to the
enrichment of Indian culture, in
painting and in architecture. The
most splendid example is the Taj
Majal built in 1632 by Shah Jahan
in memory of his wife.

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DIWALI
Diwali is celebrated by Hindus in India and all
around the world in October or November. It is the
Hindu New Year and is either a 3-day or 5- day holiday
depending on where you come from.
It is a very exciting and colorful holiday, where
homes are cleaned to welcome the New Year and
windows are opened so that the Hindu goddess of
wealth, Lakshmi, can enter. Hindus believed that she
cannot enter a house which is not lit up, so every
household burns special Diwali clay lamps (diyas) to
light the way for the goddess, which is why the holiday
is also known as the 'Festival of Lights'.

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RANGOLI

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RANGOLI
Rangoli is one of the most beautiful and
most pleasing art forms of India. It is
comprised of two words: 'rang' meaning
'color' and 'aavalli' meaning 'colored
creepers' or 'row of colors'. Rangoli, the art
of making designs or patterns on the walls
or the floor of the house, uses finely ground
white powder along with different colors.
Numerous households in the Indian
subcontinent make use of Rangoli designs
for decorating the courtyard of their house.

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The traditional form of Rangoli made use of
designs and motifs based on nature, such as
mangoes, creepers, flowers, swans, peacocks,
etc. Even the colors in the traditional art form
were extracted from natural dyes, like barks of
trees, leaves, indigo plant, etc. These days,
synthetic dyes have more or less replaced the
natural dyes of the earlier times.

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PAKISTAN

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Did you know?
Pakistani architecture is divided into four recognized periods:
● Pre-Islamic
● Islamic,
● Colonial and
● Post-Colonial

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Around the middle of the 3rd millennium
BCE, an advanced urban culture
developed for the first time in the region,
with large buildings, some of which still
survive to this day like Mohenjo Daro,
Harappa and Kot Diji which are among
the pre-Islamic settlements that are now
tourist attractions.

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Across Pakistan, brightly colored flamboyant trucks painted with
images of idealized landscapes, famous personalities, flowers and
trees turned village lanes, city streets and long-distance highways
into a national gallery without walls, a free-form, kaleidoscopic
exhibition in perpetual motion.

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PAKISTAN TRUCK ART

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Other arts of Pakistan includes painted chests and jars

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UZBEKISTAN, KAZAKHSTAN, TAJIKISTAN

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People who inhabited the region of
present Uzbekistan was very popular in
making printed cloth. Printed table-
cloths, curtains, bed-spreads, shawls and
various coverlets performed utilitarian
function and served as a daily-round
ornament.

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● Kazakhstan‟s visual arts are relatively
young. In ancient times, nomads used to
draw on rocks and, today, these petroglyphs
can be found throughout Kazakhstan.
● Fine art in Kazakhstan varies in style,
direction and genre. The most captivating
work by Kazakhstan artists in different
periods can be seen in museums across the
country.

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● Tajiks have been making fabrics, utensils,
musical instruments, carpets, furniture,
jewelry and many other things for many
centuries.

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● The art of decorative carving is very
important for local residents. Carving is
mostly present in architectural monuments,
household structures and objects, musical
instruments, and souvenirs.
● When Islam came, Tajik‟s carving
gradually changed to Arabian inscriptions
using images of people and animals while
some carvers prefer “vegetative”,
geometrical patterns. In architecture,
ornaments in the form of lotus, tulips and
other flowers are more common.

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TURKMENISTAN AND KYRGYZSTAN

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The most unique and beautiful carpets in
the world are produced by Turkmenistan and
depends upon its shape and purpose. Carpet
weaving is an ancient art, and each tribe
developed its own distinctive pattern.
Turkmen carpets have been traditionally
woven out of wool, cotton, and silk by women,
using horizontal looms. The method of weaving
has been modernized, but the beauty and
quality of the fabrics remains.

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Turkmenistan is also the source of keteni, a homespun silk that
is used for the beautiful dresses worn by Turkmen women on special
occasions. The embroidery uses different patterns that are as unique
as a family seal.
"KETENI" CLOTH IS AN OBJECT OF ONE OF THE
WONDERFUL TRADITIONS OF THE TURKMEN PEOPLE

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Kyrgyz women produce a wide range of textiles, mostly from
the felt of their sheep. Nowadays ancient patterns are adapted to the
tourist and export market, but it is still a living tradition and that all
yurts and most houses contain hand-made carpets or rugs called
SHIRDAKS.

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Large elaborately embroidered wall hangings called Tush kyiz,
are traditionally made in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, by elder
women to commemorate the marriage of a son or daughter.
Colors and designs are chosen to symbolize Kyrgyz traditions
and rural life. Flowers, plants, animals, stylized horns, national
designs, and emblems of Kyrgyz life are often found in these ornate
and colorful embroideries.

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ARTS AND CRAFTS OF THE MIDDLE EAST

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The Middle East is rich in cultural heritage, and this is clearly evident
in the variety and quality of regional arts and crafts.
Typical artistic forms from the region include:
● embroidery ceramics
● wood carving
● inlaid wood designs
● Calligraphy
● hammered metalwork
● blown glassworks

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Metalwork craftsman hammering a design A Lebanese man sculpting soap blocks
Although these are some of the most acclaimed art forms contributed by the Middle
East, the Middle Eastern aesthetic can be seen in almost any product from the region
even including such things as handmade soap from Syria or Lebanon.

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PERFORMANCE TASK

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ACTIVITY 1: Rangoli Art
You will need:
● Glue Plain
● Paper plate
● Pencil
● Illustration Board
● Colored sand (different colors)

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Directions:
1. Sketch your design lightly in pencil or chalk.
2. When you are happy with your design, finalize the outline with heavier
lines.
3. Use glue to outline your design.
4. Roll the paper plate into a cone and snip a small hole in the narrow end.
5. Fill the larger opening with colored sand. Use your finger as a stopper on
the small hole you made. This is how you will control the flow of the
sand.
6. Fill in your design with sand according to your choice and color
combination. This is the most interesting step, and usually the most fun.
7. Apply different design patterns:

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A. Anjanta Caves of Maharashtra
B. The Image of Shiva
C. Taj Majal
D. Diwali
E. Festival of Lights
F. ‘Colored creepers’ or ‘row of colors’
G. ‘Color’
H. Pakistan Art Truck
I. Uzbekistan
J. Shirdaks