Digital News Report 2018

1. #DNR18 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018You are welcome to use the data and slides in this report for any purpose (commercial or non- commercial) in return for simple attribution under a Creative Commons license We welcome feedback and questions at info@digitalnewsreport.org

2. World’s biggest ongoing news survey 74,000 respondents 37 Markets RISJ Digital News Report 2018 2

3. RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Methodology RESEARCH CONDUCTED ONLINE IN JANUARY/EARLY FEBRUARY 2018 3 Country Sample Size Internet penetration USA 2401 96% UK 2117 95% Germany 2038 90% France 2006 87% Italy 2040 87% Spain 2023 87% Portugal 2008 72% Ireland 2007 94% Norway 2027 100% Sweden 2016 93% Finland 2012 93% Denmark 2025 97% Country Sample Size Internet penetration Belgium 2006 88% Netherlands 2010 95% Switzerland 2120 89% Austria 2010 85% Hungary 2005 81% Slovakia 2006 85% Czech Republic 2020 88% Poland 2005 73% Romania 2048 63% Bulgaria 2021 60% Croatia 2010 74% Greece 2014 69% Country Sample Size Internet penetration Turkey* 2019 70% Japan 2033 93% Korea, South 2010 93% Taiwan 1008 88% Hong Kong 2016 87% Malaysia 2013 78% Singapore 2018 84% Australia 2026 88% Canada 2022 90% Brazil* 2007 66% Argentina 2012 79% Chile 2008 77% Mexico* 2007 65% Polling by Supported by

4. Key findings Use of news in social media goes into reverse Heightened concern over ‘fake’ and unreliable news – with implications for tech platforms and journalism Some countries leaping ahead with subscription, but donation models also look interesting Brand level trust scores in 37 countries for the first time Voice helping new wave of innovation around audio (podcasts)

5. Social media DOWN for news… Q3. Which, if any, of the following have you used in the last week as a source of news? (Please select all that apply)/Q10 Thinking about how you FIND news online, which are the main ways that you come across news stories? - Used social media and came across news that way. Base: 45% 39% 52% (-2) AVERAGE ACROSS ALL COUNTRIES, BIGGER DROPS IN SOME COUNTRIES AFFECTED BY FAKE NEWS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 36% 31% USA UK FRANCE GER RISJ Digital News Report 2018 5

6. Facebook, Twitter stagnate, others grow RISJ Digital News Report 2018 6 WEEKLY USE OF NETWORKS FOR NEWS 2014-18, 12 COUNTRY AVERAGE 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 36% 15% 6% 11% 3% 3 REASONS FOR SHIFT - Changes to algorithms - Boredom with Facebook - More interesting alternatives Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2014-18, Q12b Which, if any, of the following have you used in the last week for news? Base: Total sample in 12 countries (UK, US, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Ireland, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Brazil), 10 country average for 2014 excl Australia and Ireland

7. Young attracted by newer networks 7 “ What I’ve noticed was Facebook was everything to me but now Snapchat and Instagram are making things more convenient” (US young) Source: Snap and BBC/Instagram RISJ Digital News Report 2018

8. Discussion of news is moving to messaging… 8 CONTEXT COLLAPSE KICKING IN? “These friends on Facebook are not important for me any more. With my inner circle of friends I communicate via WhatsApp” (M, 20-29, DE) RISJ Digital News Report 2018 “ I’ve actually pulled back from using Facebook a lot since the whole political landscape changed over the last few years because I just find everyone’s got an opinion” (F, 30-45, UK)

9. 9 Use of social networks and messaging apps in the last week RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q12A/B. Which, if any, of the following have you used for any purpose/news in the last week? Base: Total sample in all markets. Note: Also showing change from 2017.

10. 10 Use of Facebook and messaging apps for news in the last week by age - US RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q12B. Which, if any, of the following have you used in the last week for news? Base: 18–24/25– 34/35– 44/45–54/55+: 2016 = 175/329/377/300/1016, 2018 = 232/386/441/355/987.

11. 11 Proportion that use WhatsApp and Facebook for each purpose – All markets RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q12_2018_FB/WA. Thinking about the news you get via Facebook/WhatsApp, which of the following have you done in the last week? Base: All that used Facebook/WhatsApp for news in the last week. All markets = 34014/11660.

12. 12 Overlap in use of Facebook and messaging apps for news RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q12B. Which, if any, of the following have you used in the last week for news? Base: Total sample in each market.

13. 13 Use of Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp for news SELECTED MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q12B. Which, if any, of the following have you used in the last week for news? Base: Total sample in each market.

14. 14 Expression on social media and authorities RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q12B. Which, if any, of the following have you used for finding, reading, watching, sharing or discussing news in the last week? Q13a_2018_1. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements. I tend to think carefully about expressing my political views openly on the internet because this could get me into trouble with the authorities. Base: Total sample in each market.

15. @risj_oxford | #DNR18 Devices for news

16. 16 Smartphone use for news over time (2013-18) SELECTED MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q8B. Which, if any, of the following devices have you used to access news in the last week? Base: Total 2013-18 sample in each market.

17. 17 Main news device in the UK over time 2013-18 UK RISJ Digital News Report 2018 UK8b6_5. You’ve said you use the following devices to access news in the last week, which is your MAIN way of accessing online news? Base: All in 2013–2018 who used a device for news in the last week: UK = 1638/1598/1795/1691/1733/1816.

18. @risj_oxford | #DNR18 Gateways for news

19. 19 MAIN Gateways to news ALL MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q10a_new2017_rc. Which of these was the MAIN way in which you came across news in the last week? Base: All/under 35s that used a gateway to news in the last week: All markets = 69246/19755.

20. 20 Proportion that say each is main Gateway to news RISJ Digital News Report 2018

21. 21 Gateways to news by age ALL MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018

22. 22 Notifications as a gateway RISJ Digital News Report 2018

23. 23 More or fewer alerts? RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q10b_2018_2. Thinking about the news notifications you currently receive, which of the following statements do you most agree with? I get too many news notifications/I get the right number of new snotifications/I’d be happy getting more news notifications. Base: All who received a news alert in the last week in each/all markets: Taiwan = 350, US = 448, Sweden = 447, France = 299, Germany = 202, UK = 314, Selected markets = 7494

24. 24 What would encourage news users get news alerts? SELECTED MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q10b_2018_4. You use a mobile device but said you have not received a mobile notification in the last week, which of the following features would encourage you to use or install alerts/notifications for news? Base: All that use a smartphone or tablet but did not receive a news alert in the last week: Selected markets = 44746. Note: This question was not asked in Greece, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Chile.

25. 25 Reach of Public Service Broadcasters online and offline SELECTED MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q5A. Which of the following brands have you used to access news offline in the last week (via TV, radio, print, and other traditional media)? Q5B. Which of the following brands have you used to access news online in the last week (via websites, apps, social media, and other forms of Internet acc3es1s)? Base: Total sample in each market.

26. 26 Weekly online reach of global news brands SELECTED MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q5B. Which of the following brands have you used to access news online in the last week (via websites, apps, social media, and other forms of internet access)? Base: Total sample in each market. Note: Weighted average calculated using population data from Internet World Stats and the World Bank: weighted = (country population * percentage adults * internet penetration * percentage accessed)/total population of all countries surveyed. Brazil, Mexico, and Turkey are not included due to the absence of reliable data about their urban population. Bulgaria is not included to maintain comparability with last year. Figures for NYT are based on data from 15 countries.

27. @risj_oxford | #DNR18 Trust in news

28. Different types of trust RISJ Digital News Report 2018 28 ALL 37 MARKETS Uncertainty in distributed environments, information unchecked, hard to distinguish news from rumour... Mostly this about trust in mainstream media and in the sources that people use Trust news overall 44% Trust news I use 51% Trust news in search 34% Trust news in social 23%

29. 29 Proportion that agree you can trust most news most of the time- ALL MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q6_2016_1. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements. I think you can trust most news most of the time. Base: Total sample in each market. Note: Also showing change from 2017.

30. 30 Trust in the US by political orientation RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q1F. Some people talk about ‘left’, ‘right’ and ‘centre’ to describe parties and politicians. With mind, where would you place yourself on the following scale? Q6_2018_1. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements. I think you can trust most news most of the tim2e3. Base: Left/right: 2016 = 476/591, 2017 = 530/533, 2018 = 567/550.

31. Brand level trust – United Kingdom RISJ Digital News Report 2018 31 • Broadcast most trusted • Quality news brands next • Tabloids, digital born trusted less • Partisan brands more trusted by users 10 POINT SCALE (0 IS UNTRUSTWORTHY, 10 COMPLETELY TRUSTWORTHY Q6_2018. How trustworthy would you say news from the following brands is? Use the scale below, where 0 is ‘not at all trustworthy’ and 10 is ‘completely trustworthy’. Base: Total sample/all who used each brand in the last week.

32. Brand level trust – United States RISJ Digital News Report 2018 32 • Local news and broadcast most trusted • Quality newspapers next • Digital born trusted less • Partisan brands more trusted by users 10 POINT SCALE (0 IS UNTRUSTWORTHY, 10 COMPLETELY TRUSTWORTHY Q6_2018. How trustworthy would you say news from the following brands is? Use the scale below, where 0 is ‘not at all trustworthy’ and 10 is ‘completely trustworthy’. Base: Total sample/all who used each brand in the last week.

33. 33 News brand trust varies in different countries Finland and Spain RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q6_2018. How trustworthy would you say news from the following brands is? Use the scale below, where 0 is ‘not at all trustworthy’ and 10 is ‘completely trustworthy’. Base: Total sample/all who used each brand in the last week.

34. 34 News brand trust by political orientation in different countries RISJ Digital News Report 2018

35. 35 News brand trust by political orientation in different countries RISJ Digital News Report 2018

36. 36 News brand trust by age RISJ Digital News Report 2018

37. 37 News brand trust in different public service broadcasters RISJ Digital News Report 2018

38. 38 Average news brand trust in different types of news outlets RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q6_2018. How trustworthy would you say news from the following brands is? Use the scale below, where 0 is ‘not at all trustworthy’ and 10 is ‘completely trustworthy’. Base: Total sample/all who used each brand in the last week

39. @risj_oxford | #DNR18 Misinformation and disinformation

40. 85% 71% 69% 66% 66% 66% 65% 64% 63% 63% 62% 61% 60% 60% 60% 60% 58% 57% 55% 53% 51% 50% 50% 49% 49% 48% 47% 46% 44% 43% 42% 41% 38% 37% 36% 36% 30% 54% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Varied concern about whether online news is real or fake RISJ Digital News Report 2018 40 Q_FAKE_NEWS_1. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statement. “Thinking about online news, I am concerned about what is real and what is fake on the internet.” Base: Total sample in each market Brazil Issue in upcoming elections Spain Catalan independence a flashpoint Germany Low level concern post election USA Popularised by Trump and the media itself

41. Rhetoric is fanning the flames 41 In the USA 49% came across this in the past week 31% in UK ‘YOU’RE FAKE NEWS’ % CAME ACROSS POLITICIANS ETC USING FAKE NEWS TO DISCREDIT MEDIA THEY DON’T LIKE

42. Audience definitions of news are much wider 42 What type of ‘fake news’ are people EXPOSED to? ALL MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018 see poor journalism, mistakes and clickbait every week 42% complain about spin and agenda- filled news 39% say they have been exposed to completely made up news 26% Only

43. Who bears biggest responsibility to fix the problem? 43 3. GOVERNMENT 61% 1. PUBLISHERS 75% 2. PLATFORMS 71% 41%60% “It’s free speech right? (F, 20-29, USA) “content is now removed within a few hours.” (M, 30–45, Germany)

44. 44 Support for government intervention to combat misinformation RISJ Digital News Report 2018

45. 45 Proportion that agree each should do more to separate what is real and fake on the internet – by news literacy SELECTED MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q14_2018a_combined2. News literacy scale. Q_FAKE_NEWS_4_2_1-3. Please indicate your agreement with the following statements. Technology companies/media companies/the government should do more to make it easier to separate what is real and fake on the internet. Base: All with very low/low/high/very high news literacy: Selected markets = 11149/11898/8069/3790.

46. 46 Concern about different types of misinformation and exposure RISJ Digital News Report 2018

47. 47 Concern about each type of misinformation RISJ Digital News Report 2018

48. 48 Concern about each type of misinformation RISJ Digital News Report 2018

49. 49 Concern about each type of misinformation and news literacy RISJ Digital News Report 2018

50. 50 Exposure to different types of misinformation – all markets RISJ Digital News Report 2018

51. 51 Exposure to completely made-up news in the last week – all markets RISJ Digital News Report 2018

52. 52 Exposure to misinformation offline and online RISJ Digital News Report 2018

53. 53 Who should do more to combat misinformation? RISJ Digital News Report 2018

54. @risj_oxford | #DNR18 Paying for Online News and Ad-blocker Use

55. All over the globe RISJ Digital News Report 2018 55 MORE PEOPLE ARE REALISING THAT QUALITY COSTS 22%Average in Nordic countries pay 16%Now pay for online news in the US 7%In the UK But only 20%in Australia THE ‘TRUMP BUMP’ HAS BEEN MAINTAINED Q7a. Have you paid for ONLINE news content, or accessed a paid for ONLINE news service in the last year? (This could be a digital subscription, combined digital/print subscription or one off payment for an article or app or e-edition). Base: Total sample in each market. FASTEST GROWING IN NORDIC COUNTRIES

56. Proportion that have paid for online news in the last year – all markets RISJ Digital News Report 2018 56 Q7a. Have you paid for ONLINE news content, or accessed a paid for ONLINE news service in the last year? (This could be a digital subscription, combined digital/print subscription or one off payment for an article or app or e-edition). Base: Total sample in each market.

57. Payment for online news by political orientation RISJ Digital News Report 2018 57

58. Payment for news in selected markets (2014-2018) RISJ Digital News Report 2018 58 Q7a. Have you paid for ONLINE news content, or accessed a paid for ONLINE news service in the last year? (This could be a digital subscription, combined digital/print subscription or one off payment for an article or app or e-edition). Base: Total sample in each market.

59. Reasons for Nordic success RISJ Digital News Report 2018 59 STRONG READING TRADITIONS, AUDIENCE FOCUS, DATA DRIVEN NORWAY AFTENPOSTEN 100,000 Digital Subscribers Meter + Premium Cost / Month: €21 FINLAND HELSINGIN SANOMAT 70,000 Digital Subscribers Meter + Premium Cost / Month: €17.50 SWEDEN DAGENS NYHETER 70,000 Digital Subscribers Meter + Premium Cost / Month: €10

60. Donations/Membership – an emerging opportunity RISJ Digital News Report 2018 60 • Guardian has 600,000 donations or cause focused memberships • Partisan websites like the Canary are also asking supporters to support them • Platforms starting to support donation models 22%say they might in the future* But 1%Make a donation today Only

61. 61 Donations in different countries RISJ Digital News Report 2018

62. Reasons for donations 62 “They asked for it, I use them so I should donate” 2. GUILT 1. SUPPORT INDEPENDENT MEDIA “It is the only way to maintain free media that is independent of political power.” (M, 45, Spain) 3. PART OF A CAUSE “It is important that the Guardian continues to be available to counter nearly all the other newspapers which are right wing” RISJ Digital News Report 2018

63. 63 Proportion who paid for online news via donation by age ALL MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018

64. Awareness of financial difficulties low 64 unaware of the problems of the news industry or believe that most news organisations are making a profit from digital news. Likely to pay for online news in the future Would consider donating in the future RISJ Digital News Report 2018 68% When news literacy is higher, people are more likely to pay

65. 65 Ad-blocking use by country RISJ Digital News Report 2018

66. @risj_oxford | #DNR18 Future of Audio

67. 1% 2% 4% 5% 6% 7% 9% Korea Germany UK US 2018 2017 Smart speakers – next big thing? Voice activated speakers growing quickly from a low base SELECTED COUNTRIES Q8a. Which, if any, of the following devices do you ever use (for any purpose)? Please select all that apply. Showing smart speaker code. Base: All

68. 13% 15% 44% 47% 59% 65% 75% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Access podcasts Shopping (ordering goods, saving lists) Access latest News Set alarms Ask questions to get facts or info Access latest weather Listen to music Smart Speaker – uses Uses for news/information Other uses SELECTED COUNTRIES Q8. New You say you have a smart speaker (e.g. Amazon Echo, Google Home, Apple HomePod) which of the following do you do regularly? Percents do not add to 100 due to multiple response. N=609

69. UK 18% Podcasting is on the up – driven by young 69 PODCASTS VS RADIO NEWS BY AGE – ALL MARKETS 0% 20% 40% 60% 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55+ Podcasts (monthly) Radio News (weekly) 5 X % ACCESS AT LEAST MONTHLY RISJ Digital News Report 2018

70. 70 Use of podcasts in different countries RISJ Digital News Report 2018

71. 71 Use of different types of podcasts – selected markets RISJ Digital News Report 2018

72. @risj_oxford | #DNR18 News Literacy

73. 73 Measuring news literacy - 1 RISJ Digital News Report 2018

76. 76 News literacy and news consumption RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q14_2018a_combined2. News literacy scale. Q4. You say you’ve used these sources of news in the last week, which would you say is your MAIN source of news? Base: All with very low/low/ high/very high news literacy who used a source of news in the last week: Selected markets = 11032/12383/8453/3882.

77. 77 News literacy and news consumption RISJ Digital News Report 2018

78. 78 News literacy and news consumption RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q14_2018a_combined2. News literacy scale. Q12C_2018_1-4. Please indicate your level of agreement with the following statements. When looking at stories in social media, the news brand/ headline or picture/person who shared the story/number of comments or shares is very important in helping me decide whether information is likely to be worth my time. Base: All with very low/ low/high/very high news literacy who used a social network in the last week: Selected markets = 10274/11529/8027/3802.

79. 79 RISJ Digital News Report 2018

80. @risj_oxford | #DNR18 News Video

81. 81 Use of online news video by country RISJ Digital News Report 2018

82. 82 RISJ Digital News Report 2018 Q11_VIDEO_2018a. Thinking about consuming online news video (of any kind) over the last week, which of the following did you do? Base: Total sample in all markets.

83. 83 Proportion that prefer news in test over video SELECTED MARKETS RISJ Digital News Report 2018

84. 84 Do news users want to watch more or less videos? RISJ Digital News Report 2018

85. @risj_oxford | #DNR18 Partisan and alternative news brands

88. 88 AUDIENCE MAP FOR ALTERNATIVE AND PARTISAN NEWS BRANDS RISJ Digital News Report 2018

93. 93 TRUST AND ALTERNATIVE/PARTISAN NEWS BRAND USE RISJ Digital News Report 2018

94. 94 AGE AND ALTERNATIVE/PARTISAN NEWS BRAND USE RISJ Digital News Report 2018

95. @risj_oxford | #DNR18 Key data by country

96. 96 UK: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

97. 97 UK:SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

98. 98 UK: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

99. 99 AUSTRIA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

100. 100 AUSTRIA:SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

101. 101 AUSTRIA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

102. 102 BELGIUM: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

103. 103 BELGIUM: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

104. 104 BELGIUM: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

105. 105 BULGARIA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

106. 106 BULGARIA: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

107. 107 BULGARIA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

108. 108 CROATIA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

109. 109 CROATIA: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

110. 110 CROATIA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

111. 111 CZECH REPUBLIC: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

112. 112 CZECH REPUBLIC: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

113. 113 CZECH REPUBLIC: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

114. 114 DENMARK: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

115. 115 DENMARK: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

116. 116 DENMARK: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

117. 117 FINLAND: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

118. 118 FINLAND: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

119. 119 FINLAND: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

120. 120 FRANCE: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

121. 121 FRANCE: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

122. 122 FRANCE: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

123. 123 GERMANY: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

124. 124 GERMANY: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

125. 125 GERMANY: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

126. 126 GREECE: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

127. 127 GREECE: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

128. 128 GREECE: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

129. 129 HUNGARY: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

130. 130 HUNGARY: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

131. 131 HUNGARY: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

132. 132 IRELAND: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

133. 133 IRELAND: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

134. 134 IRELAND: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

135. 135 ITALY: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

136. 136 ITALY: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

137. 137 ITALY: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

138. 138 NETHERLANDS: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

139. 139 NETHERLANDS: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

140. 140 NETHERLANDS: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

141. 141 NORWAY: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

142. 142 NORWAY: SOURCES DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

143. 143 NORWAY: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

144. 144 POLAND: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

145. 145 POLAND: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

146. 146 POLAND: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

147. 147 PORTUGAL: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

148. 148 PORTUGAL: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

149. 149 PORTUGAL: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

150. 150 ROMANIA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

151. 151 ROMANIA: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

152. 152 ROMANIA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

153. 153 SLOVAKIA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

154. 154 SLOVAKIA: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

155. 155 SLOVAKIA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

156. 156 SPAIN: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

157. 157 SPAIN: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

158. 158 SPAIN: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

159. 159 SWEDEN: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

160. 160 SWEDEN: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

161. 161 SWEDEN: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

162. 162 SWITZERLAND: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

163. 163 SWITZERLAND: TRUST, SOURCES AND DEVICES RISJ Digital News Report 2018

164. 164 SWITZERLAND: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

165. 165 TURKEY: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

166. 166 TURKEY: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

167. 167 TURKEY: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

168. 168 USA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

169. 169 USA: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

170. 170 USA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

171. 171 ARGENTINA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

172. 172 ARGENTINA: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

173. 173 ARGENTINA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

174. 174 BRAZIL: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

175. 175 BRAZIL: TRUST, SOURCES & DEVICES RISJ Digital News Report 2018

176. 176 BRAZIL: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

177. 177 CANADA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

178. 178 CANADA: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

179. 179 CANADA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

180. 180 CHILE: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

181. 181 CHILE: TRUST, DEVICES AND SOURCES RISJ Digital News Report 2018

182. 182 CHILE: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

183. 183 MEXICO: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

184. 184 MEXICO: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

185. 185 MEXICO: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

186. 186 AUSTRALIA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

187. 187 AUSTRALIA: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

188. 188 AUSTRALIA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

189. 189 HONG KONG: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

190. 190 HONG KONG: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

191. 191 HONG KONG: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

192. 192 JAPAN: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

193. 193 JAPAN: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

194. 194 JAPAN: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

195. 195 MALAYSIA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

196. 196 MALAYSIA: TRUST, SOURCES AND DEVICES RISJ Digital News Report 2018

197. 197 MALAYSIA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

198. 198 SINGAPORE: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

199. 199 SINGAPORE: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

200. 200 SINGAPORE: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

201. 201 SOUTH KOREA: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

202. 202 SOUTH KOREA: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

203. 203 SOUTH KOREA: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

204. 204 TAIWAN: NEWS BRANDS USED LAST WEEK RISJ Digital News Report 2018

205. 205 TAIWAN: SOURCES, DEVICES AND TRUST RISJ Digital News Report 2018

206. 206 TAIWAN: PAY, SOCIAL MEDIA AND SHARING RISJ Digital News Report 2018

207. More at : digitalnewsreport.org @risj_oxford | #DNR18 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018

Digital News Report 2018

Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Oxford University

Digital News Report 2018