Biometrics: Technologies and Global Markets

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Biometrics: Technologies and Global Markets
Published on November 2010

Report Summary

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This report studies the global as well as regional markets for biometric technologies and devices, with the purpose of locating newer
markets and expanding the present market position for various types of biometric devices. A realistic forecast has been made for the
future market for different types of biometric technologies and devices. These biometric technologies are studied, including the value
of such products produced and utilized globally, as well as in different regions during the last 3 years and the forecast for the next 5
years. The application for each type of biometrics technology is discussed in detail with a view of establishing the global as well as
regional usage. A future forecast has been made for such applications.

The report also studies the product life cycle and technology life cycle of various types of biometric devices and methods employed by
different manufacturers and users in maintaining ecological balance. Several types of new biometric technologies recently developed
are becoming more popular in various applications. These are also studied. Finally, the report profiles the major manufacturers and
suppliers of biometric devices. The mergers and acquisitions in this field have also been studied and discussed.

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY

There are constant improvements in the quality of biometric devices and products as the major manufacturers continue to upgrade
their products based on market needs. Also, new products and applications are being developed based on the continuous research
and development work being carried out by major manufacturers to stay ahead of the competition. Successful operation of any
company in a competitive market depends upon the identification of product opportunities from the viewpoint of the company's
strengths. For this, it is necessary to understand the size and growth rate of any opportunity and the competitive atmosphere in which
the company exists. This report presents the ideal medium to understand the many exciting and growing opportunities in the field of
biometric technologies and devices and will help any prospective manufacturer, distributor, or even user to succeed in this growing
field.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This report is intended for individuals who have responsibility for security and protection of the civil infrastructure and related
applications.
Those who will find this manual helpful include, but are not limited to:

Senior executives within biometrics supplier companies
Government and commercial end users
Consultants to the global biometrics industry
Biometrics and security systems integrators
Security managers in private and public sectors
Infrastructure and risk assurance managers
Site security officials

Biometrics: Technologies and Global Markets (From Slideshare) Page 1/19


SCOPE OF REPORT

The report has been prepared in a simple format that can be easily understood with a number of tables and charts/figures. The scope
of the report includes a detailed study of global and regional markets for various types of biometric devices, with the reasons given for
variations in the growth of the industry in certain regions. The report examines each type of biometric technology, determines its
current market size, and estimates the future markets for each type of biometric technology. The report also analyzes the market from
the manufacturers' viewpoint as well as that of the final consumers'. A number of technological issues arising out of the utilization of
biometric technologies are discussed and solutions indicated. The use of biometric technologies in government and public sector
institutions are discussed in detail, along with the markets for these sectors.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

Both primary and secondary research methods were used in this study. Primary information sources for this market research include
individuals within companies, various research organizations, governmental agencies, and trade associations. Secondary research
includes extensive literature reviews, including trade journals, seminar proceedings and patent literature, company literature,
published reports, and government publications. Additional secondary research sources include databases, trade literature,
specialized journals, and government statistics.

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

The analyst, Srinivasa Rajaram, is a mechanical engineer with more than 40 years of manufacturing experience. He also was senior
vice president of M/S Schenck Avery Ltd., an Indo-German joint venture, and has authored several technology market research
reports for BCC Research.

Highlights

The global market for various biometric technologies is poised for sustained growth throughout the forecast period. This market is
estimated at $5 billion in 2010 and is expected to reach a value of nearly $12 billion by 2015, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR)
of 18.9%.

The market for AFIS and fingerprint biometric technologies account for the greatest share of the global biometrics market and is
forecast to continue to be the main source of overall market revenues from 2010 to 2015 and beyond. This sector is valued at $2.7
billion in 2010 and is expected to increase at a 19.6% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach nearly $6.6 billion in 2015.

Face, iris, vein, and voice recognition biometric technologies together form the second largest segment. This sector is worth an
estimated $1.4 billion in 2010 and is expected to reach $3.5 billion in 2015, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.9%.

Table of Content

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY 1



INTENDED AUDIENCE 1
SCOPE OF REPORT 2
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 2
RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS 2
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 3
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 3
DISCLAIMER 3

Chapter-2: SUMMARY

SUMMARY 4
MARKET SUMMARY FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 5
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 5
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 6

Chapter-3: OVERVIEW

DEFINITION OF THE INDUSTRY 7
CONCEPTS IN THE INDUSTRY 7
IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY 7
LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF BIOMETRICS DEVICES 8
TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE 8
COST ANALYSIS 9
LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS 9
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY 10
HISTORY OF FINGERPRINTING 10
HISTORY OF FINGERPRINTING (CONTINUED) 11
HISTORY OF RETINAL SCANNING 12
HISTORY OF KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS (KD) 12
FORMATION OF BIOMETRICS ORGANIZATIONS 13
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS 13
PRIVACY PROTECTION THROUGH SELF-REGULATORY CODES 13
PRIVACY PROTECTION THROUGH LAW 14
BIOMETRIC STANDARDS 15
THE IMPORTANCE OF BIOMETRICS STANDARDS 15
Role of Product Manufacturers 16
Responsibility of Standard Organizations 16
BIOMETRICS STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT 17
ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN BIOMETRICS STANDARDS 17
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO) 17
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC) 17
ISO/IEC JOINT TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 1 (JTC 1) 18
INCITS (INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS) 18
INCITS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE M1 BIOMETRICS 19
OASIS (ORGANIZATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF STRUCTURED INFORMATION STANDARDS) 19
THE OPEN GROUP 20
ASC X9 (ACCREDITED STANDARD COMMITTEE) 20
BIOAPI CONSORTIUM 20



ANSI NIST STANDARDS 20
BIOMETRIC CONSORTIUM 21
COMMON BIOMETRIC EXCHANGE FILE FORMAT (CBEFF) 21
OTHER STANDARDS 22
BIOMETRICS - ISSUES AND CONCERNS 22
SAFETY OF BIOMETRICS DEVICES 23
MISUSE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 23
LOSS OF PHYSICAL TRAIT 23
REVELATION OF PERSONAL INFORMATION 23
Revelation of Personal Information (Continued) 24

Chapter-4: MARKET BY TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTLY USED BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 25
EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 25
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 26
TABLE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 27
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 28
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 28
TABLE 2 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES ($ MILLIONS) 29
FIGURE 2 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 29
MARKET SECTORS FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 29
TABLE 3 BASIC DIVISION OF MARKET SECTORS FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 30
FIGURE 3 BASIC DIVISION OF MARKET SECTORS FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIESBIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN THE
GOVERNMENT SECTOR 31
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN THE MILITARY SECTOR 32
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN THE BORDER CONTROL SECTOR 33
BIOMETRICS IN THE POLICE/ FORENSIC/LAW ENFORCEMENT SECTOR 33
THE PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT SECTOR MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 34
TABLE 4 MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT SECTORS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 34
FIGURE 4 MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES IN PUBLIC/ GOVERNMENT SECTORS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 35
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN THE AIRPORT/SEAPORT SEVICES SECTOR 35
Biometrics Technology in the Airport/' (Continued) 36
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN THE RETAIL SECTOR 37
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN FINANCIAL TRANSACTION SECTORS 37
BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES USED 38
BIOMETRICS IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR 39
Fingerprint Scanner 40
Iris Scanner 40
BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY IN GAMING AND HOSPITALITY SECTORS 40
THE PRIVATE/COMMERCIAL SECTOR MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 41
TABLE 5 MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES IN PRIVATE/ COMMERCIAL SECTORS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 41
FIGURE 5 MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES IN PRIVATE/COMMERCIAL SECTORS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 42
THE GLOBAL FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION MARKET 42
MARKET SECTORS FOR FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 43
TABLE 6 FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR DISTRIBUTON, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 43
FIGURE 6 FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 44
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 44



TABLE 7 REGIONAL MARKET FOR FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 45
FIGURE 7 REGIONAL MARKET FOR FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 45
GLOBAL AFIS/LIVE-SCAN MARKET 46
MARKETS BY SECTOR FOR AFIS/LIVESCAN TECHNOLOGY 46
TABLE 8 AFIS/LIVESCAN BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY MARKET, BY SECTOR, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 46
FIGURE 8 AFIS/LIVESCAN BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 47
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR AFIS/LIVE-SCAN TECHNOLOGIES 47
TABLE 9 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR AFIS/LIVE-SCAN TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 48
FIGURE 9 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR AFIS/LIVE-SCAN TECHNOLOGIES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 48
THE GLOBAL FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET 48
THE GLOBAL FACIAL RECOGNITION ' (CONTINUED) 49
MARKET SECTORS FOR FACE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 50
TABLE 10 FACE RECONITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET, BY SECTOR, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 50
FIGURE 10 FACE RECONITION TECHNOLOGY SECTORWISE MARKET DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 51
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR FACE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 51
TABLE 11 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR FACE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 52
FIGURE 11 REGIONAL MARKET FOR FACE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 52
THE GLOBAL IRIS RECOGNITION MARKET 52
MARKET SECTORS FOR IRIS RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 53
TABLE 12 IRIS RECONITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET, BY SECTOR, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 54
FIGURE 12 IRIS RECONITION TECHNOLOGY SECTORWISE MARKET DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 55
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR IRIS RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 55
TABLE 13 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR IRIS RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 56
FIGURE 13 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR IRIS RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 56
THE GLOBAL VOICE RECOGNITION MARKET 56
MARKET SECTORS FOR VOICE RECONITION TECHNOLOGY 57
TABLE 14 VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR DISTRIBUTON, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 57
FIGURE 14 VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY SECTORWISE MARKET DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 58
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 58
TABLE 15 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 59
FIGURE 15 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 59
HAND GEOMETRY BIOMETRIC MARKET 60
MARKET SECTORS FOR HAND GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY 60
TABLE 16 HAND GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTORS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 60
FIGURE 16 HAND GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTORS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 61
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR HAND GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY 61
TABLE 17 REGIONAL MARKET FOR HAND GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 61
FIGURE 17 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR HAND GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 62
GLOBAL MARKET FOR SIGNATURE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 62
SIGNATURE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET 62
TABLE 18 SIGNATURE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR DISTRIBUTION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 63
FIGURE 18 SIGNATURE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 63
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR SIGNATURE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 63
TABLE 19 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR SIGNATURE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 64
FIGURE 19 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR SIGNATURE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 64
GLOBAL MARKET FOR VEIN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 65
MARKET SECTORS FOR VEIN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 65
TABLE 20 VEIN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR DISTRIBUTON, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 65



FIGURE 20 VEIN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY MARKET SECTOR DISTRIBUTION, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 66
REGIONAL MARKET FOR VEIN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 66
TABLE 21 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR VEIN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 66
FIGURE 21 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR VEIN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 67
GLOBAL MARKET FOR EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 67
MARKETS BY SECTOR FOR EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 67
TABLE 22 EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES MARKET SECTOR DISTRIBUTION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 68
FIGURE 22 EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES SECTORWISE MARKET DISTRIBUTON, 2008-2015 ($MILLION) 68
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 69
TABLE 23 REGIONAL MARKET FOR EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 69
FIGURE 23 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 70

Chapter-5: MARKETS FOR BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS

BIOMETRICS APPLICATIONS 71
TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 71
FIGURE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 72
BIOMETRICS IN IDENTIFICATION APPLICATIONS 72
MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ID APPLICATIONS 73
TABLE 25 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN TYPES OF ID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 73
FIGURE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN TYPES OF ID APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 74
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ID APPLICATIONS 74
TABLE 26 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 74
FIGURE 26 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ID APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 75
BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS 75
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL IDS 76
GROWTH DRIVERS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS 76
GROWTH INHIBITORS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS 77
Revenue Generation 77
Time and Attendance 78
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS 78
TABLE 27 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 79
FIGURE 27 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 79
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS 79
TABLE 28 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 80
FIGURE 28 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CIVIL ID APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 80
BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID APPLICATIONS 81
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID APPLICATIONS 81
TABLE 29 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 81
FIGURE 29 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 82
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID APPLICATIONS 82
TABLE 30 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 82
FIGURE 30 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CRIMINAL ID APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 83
BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID APPLICATIONS 83
Banking ID 84
Healthcare ID 84
Retail ID 85
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID APPLICATIONS 85



TABLE 31 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 85
FIGURE 31 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 86
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID APPLICATIONS 86
TABLE 32 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 86
FIGURE 32 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN CONSUMER ID APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 87
BIOMETRICS IN ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 87
MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 88
TABLE 33 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN TYPES OF ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 88
FIGURE 33 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN TYPES OF ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 89
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 89
TABLE 34 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 90
FIGURE 34 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 90
BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 90
BIOMETRICS LOCKS 91
GLOBAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 91
TABLE 35 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 92
FIGURE 35 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 92
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 93
TABLE 36 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS) 93
FIGURE 36 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN PHYSICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($
MILLIONS) 93
LOGICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 94
BIOMETRICS IN COMPUTER AND NETWORK ACCESS CONTROL 94
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 95
TABLE 37 MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 95
FIGURE 37 MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 96
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 96
TABLE 38 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS) 97
FIGURE 38 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN LOGICAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($
MILLIONS) 97
BIOMETRICS IN TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 97
Banking Transactions 98
E-Commerce Transactions 98
Smart Cards 98
GLOBAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 99
TABLE 39 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS) 99
FIGURE 39 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATION, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 100
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 100
TABLE 40 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015
($ MILLIONS) 101
FIGURE 40 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN TRANSACTIONAL ACCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($
MILLIONS) 101
BIOMETRICS IN SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS 101
MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS 102
TABLE 41 MARKET FOR TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 102



FIGURE 41 MARKET FOR TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 103
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS 103
TABLE 42 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 103
FIGURE 42 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 104
MILITARY AND BORDER CONTROL APPLICATIONS 104
BIOMETRICS IN BORDER CONTROL 105
E-PASSPORTS 105
MILITARY APPLICATIONS 106
BLACKLIST SCREENING APPLICATIONS 106
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN MILITARY AND BORDER CONTROL APPLICATIONS 106
TABLE 43 MARKET FOR MILITARY AND BORDER CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 106
FIGURE 43 MARKET FOR MILITARY AND BORDER CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 107
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR MILITARY AND BORDER CONTROL APPLICATIONS 107
TABLE 44 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR MILITARY/BORDER CONTROL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 108
FIGURE 44 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR MILITARY/BORDER CONTROL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 108
BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC AND LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS 108
CREATING AND MAINTAINING A DATABASE OF CRIMINALS 109
INVESTIGATION OF CRIME SITE 109
PRESERVING THE EVIDENCE 110
FUTURE IDENTIFICATION OF CRIMINALS 110
PREVENTION OF CRIME 110
BIOMETRICS IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES 110
GLOBAL MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC AND LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS 111
TABLE 45 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC AND LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS) 111
FIGURE 45 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC AND LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)
112
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC/LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS 112
TABLE 46 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC/LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS) 113
FIGURE 46 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN FORENSIC/LAW ENFORCEMENT APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($
MILLIONS) 113
BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS 113
SMART CARDS 114
BANKING INDUSTRY 114
INSURANCE TRANSACTIONS 114
E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS 115
GLOBAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS 115
TABLE 47 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 115
FIGURE 47 MARKET FOR BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 116
REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS 116
TABLE 48 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLIONS) 117
FIGURE 48 REGIONAL MARKETS FOR BIOMETRICS IN INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS)
117

Chapter-6: BIOMETRICSâ''TECHNOLOGY



OVERVIEW OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY 118
IDENTITY MANAGEMENT USING BIOMETRICS 118
BASICS OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 119
BIOMETRIC SYSTEM: KEY ELEMENTS 119
ENROLLMENT 119
PRE-ENROLLMENT IDENTITY VALIDATION 120
IDENTITY SOURCE DOCUMENTS 120
BIOMETRIC TEMPLATE (REFERENCE) 120
COMPARISON AND COMPARISON ERRORS 121
NETWORKING 121
BIOMETRIC SOFTWARE 122
ADVANTAGES OF BIOMETRICS SOFTWARE 122
BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 123
TABLE 49 LIST OF PRESENT AND EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 123
FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION 124
FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION PROCESS 124
IMAGE ACQUISITION 124
FEATURE EXTRACTION 125
FINGERPRINT MATCHING 125
FINGERPRINT CLASSIFICATION 125
FINGERPRINT IMAGE ENHANCEMENT 126
AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IMAGING SYSTEMS (AFIS) 126
AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT ' (CONTINUED) 127
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT TECHNOLOGIES 128
OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY 128
SILICON TECHNOLOGY 128
ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGY 129
TABLE 50 COMPARISON OF FINGERPRINTING TECHNOLOGIES 129
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FINGERPRINTING TECHNOLOGY 129
TABLE 51 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FINGERPRINTING TECHNOLOGY 130
DEVICES FOR FINGERPRINT SCANNING 130
FINGERPRINT READER/SCANNER 130
Features of Fingerprint Reader/Scanner 131
Applications of Fingerprint Reader/Scanner 131
Advantages and Shortcomings of Fingertip Reader/Scanner 132
TABLE 52 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FINGERPRINT READER /SCANNER 132
TYPES OF FINGERPRINT READERS/SCANNERS 132
Optical Scanner 132
Ultrasonic Scanner 133
Capacitance Scanner 133
Digital Fingerprint Scanners 133
Thermal Fingerprint Scanners 134
Fingerprint Analyzers 134
Other Uses of Fingerprint Scanning 134
FINGERPRINT DOOR LOCK 134
FEATURES OF THE FINGERPRINT DOOR LOCK 134
APPLICATIONS OF FINGERPRINT DOOR LOCK 135
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FINGERPRINT LOCKS 135



TABLE 53 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FINGERPRINT LOCKS 136
FACIAL RECOGNITION 136
IMAGE QUALITY 136
FACIAL SCAN PROCESS FLOW 137
VERIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION 137
PRIMARY FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGIES 137
EIGENFACE 138
FEATURE ANALYSIS 138
NEURAL NETWORK 138
AUTOMATIC FACE PROCESSING (AFP) 138
VARIATIONS 138
ADVANTAGES 139
LIMITATIONS 139
FACIAL RECOGNITION DEVICES 140
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FACIAL RECOGNITION DEVICES 140
TABLE 54 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF FACIAL RECOGNITION 140
TABLE 54 (CONTINUED) 141
IRIS RECOGNITION/SCAN 141
FEATURES OF THE IRIS SCANNER 142
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF IRIS SCANNING 142
TABLE 55 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF IRIS SCANNING 142
RETINAL SCANNING 143
PROCESS OF RETINAL SCANNING 144
ADVANTAGES 144
LIMITATIONS 144
APPLICATIONS 145
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF RETINAL SCANNING 145
TABLE 56 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF RETINAL SCANNING 145
EQUIPMENT FOR RETINAL SCANNING: 146
BIOMETRIC SIGNATURES 146
FEATURES OF BIOMETRIC SIGNATURES 146
ADVANTAGES OF BIOMETRIC SIGNATURES 147
DYNAMIC SIGNATURE VERIFICATION/SCAN 147
TECHNOLOGY OF BIOMETRIC SIGNATURE VERIFICATION/SCAN 148
ADVANTAGES 148
LIMITATIONS 149
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF SIGNATURE SCANS 149
TABLE 57 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF SIGNATURE SCANS 149
HAND GEOMETRY SCANNER 150
PRINCIPLE 151
FEATURES OF HAND SCANNING DEVICES 151
ADVANTAGES 151
LIMITATIONS 152
ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF THE HAND GEOMETRY SCANNER 152
TABLE 58 ADVANTAGES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF THE HAND GEOMETRY SCANNER 153
KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS 154



LIMITATIONS 155
VEIN PATTERN RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 155
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 155
ADVANTAGES OF VEIN BIOMETRICS TECHNOLOGY 156
ACCURACY 156
UNIQUE AND CONSTANT 157
RESISTANT TO TAMPERING 157
CONSISTENCY 157
SPEED 157
EASE OF USE 157
CONTACT-FREE 157
EASE OF USE 158
LIMITATIONS 158
APPLICATIONS 158
VOICE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY 158
FEATURES OF VOICE RECOGNITION 159
APPLICATIONS OF VOICE RECOGNITION 159
ADVANTAGES OF VOICE RECOGNITION 160
MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS 160
ADVANTAGES 160
LIMITATIONS 161
APPLICATIONS 161
EMERGING BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 161
GAIT RECOGNITION 162
Principle of Operation 162
Limitations 163
Advantages 163
Applications 163
PALMPRINT RECOGNITION 163
Advantages 164
Limitations 164
Applications 164
SKIN SPECTROSCOPY 165
Principle of operation 165
Advantages 165
Limitations 166
Variations and Applications 166
DNA RECOGNITION 166
Advantages 167
Limitations 167
OLFACTORY RECOGNITION (ODOR ANALYSIS) 168
Limitations 168
SPEAKER VERIFICATION 169
Variations 170
Advantages 170
Limitations 170



Applications 170
EAR SHAPE 171
Limitations 172
FACIAL THERMOGRAPHY 172
Advantages 172
Limitations 173
Applications 173
BODY SALINITY 173
FINGER GEOMETRY 174
GRIP RECOGNITION 174
NAIL BED BIOMETRICS 175
LIP BIOMETRICS 175
SWEAT PORE ANALYSIS 176
SKIN LUMINANCE 176
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPH (EEG) 177
FINGERNAIL PATTERNS 177
SKULL RESONANCE 177
OTHER BIOMETRIC PRODUCTS/DEVICES 178
BIOMETRICS MOUSE 178
Features of the Biometric Mouse 178
Applications of the Biometric Mouse 179
Advantages of the Biometric Mouse 179
BIOMETRICS SENSOR 179
Features of the Biometrics Sensor 179
Applications of the Biometric Sensor 180
Advantages of the Biometrics Sensor 180
BIOMETRIC 2D BARCODE SCANNER 181
Features of the 2D Barcode Scanner 181
Applications of the 2D Barcode Scanner 181
Advantages of the 2D Barcode Scanner 182
SMART CARD READER 182
FEATURES OF THE SMART CARD 183
APPLICATIONS OF THE SMART CARD 183
ADVANTAGES OF THE SMART CARD 184
THE FUTURE OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES AND DEVICES 184
IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY 185
IMPROVED PROCESSING 185
MINIATURIZATION 185
PRICES 185
ALGORITHMS 186
WIRELESS BIOMETRICS 186
NANOTECHNOLOGY 187
PATENT ANALYSIS 187
TABLE 59 U.S. PATENTS BY COUNTRY FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES/DEVICES (UNITS) 188
TABLE 60 U.S. PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS FOR BIOMETRICS (UNITS) 188
TABLE 61 U.S. PATENTS BY YEAR OF ISSUE FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES/DEVICES, 2003-2010 (UNITS) 189



TABLE 62 U.S. PATENTS BY COMPANIES FOR BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES/DEVICES (UNITS) 189

Chapter-7: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 191
ANALYSIS OF COMPETITION WITHIN THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY 192
DRIVING FORCES OF THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY 192
IMPORTANT ISSUES TO BE SOLVED IN THE INDUSTRY 193
PRESENT STATUS OF THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY 194
COMPETITION IN THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY 194
THE FUTURE OF THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY 195
ADVANCED PRACTICAL BIOMETRICS 196
SHIFT FROM SECURITY TO IDENTITY PROTECTION 197
INTEGRATED ADVANCED ID 197
MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS 197
BIOMETRICS MARKETS AROUND THE WORLD 198
BIOMETRICS MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA 198
STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE UNITED STATES 199
INTEGRATED AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (IAFIS) 199
UNITED STATES VISITOR AND IMMIGRANT STATUS INDICATOR TECHNOLOGY (US-VISIT) PROGRAM: 199
REGISTERED TRAVELER (RT) PROGRAM 200
ELECTRONIC PASSPORT (E-PASSPORT) 200
TRANSPORTATION WORKER IDENTIFICATION CREDENTIAL (TWIC) 200
STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN CANADA 201
REAL TIME IDENTIFICATION (RTID) PROGRAM 201
CANADIAN PASSENGER ACCELERATED SERVICE SYSTEM (CANPASS) AIR 201
NEXUS 201
ELECTRONIC PASSPORT (E-PASSPORT) 202
TEMPORARY RESIDENTS BIOMETRICS PROJECT (TRBP) 202
PUBLIC SECURITY TECHNICAL PROGRAM (PSTP) 202
THE BIOMETRICS MARKET IN EUROPE 203
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 203
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE U.K. 204
Electronic Passport (e-Passport) 204
National Identity Card 204
Iris Recognition Immigration System (IRIS) 205
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN GERMANY 205
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN PORTUGAL 205
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN ASIA 205
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN INDIA 206
THE STATUS OF BIOMETRICS IMPLEMENTATION IN ASIA PACIFIC 207
THE BIOMETRICS MARKET IN THE REST OF THE WORLD 208
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY 209
TABLE 63 LIST OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE BIOMETRICS INDUSTRY 210



Chapter-8: APPENDIX 1

APPENDIX 1: LIST OF SAMPLE BIOMETRICS PATENTS 213
TABLE 64 LIST OF SAMPLE BIOMETRICS PATENTS 213


APPENDIX 2: LIST OF MANUFACTURERS OF BIOMETRICS EQUIPMENT 230
TABLE 65 LIST OF MANUFACTURERS OF BIOMETRICS EQUIPMENT 230





APPENDIX 3: PROFILES OF MAJOR BIOMETRIC COMPANIES 260
PROFILES OF MAJOR BIOMETRIC COMPANIES 260
3M-AIT, LTD. 260
A4VISION 261
ACUITY SYSTEMS, INC. 261
ACCU-TIME SYSTEMS 262
ACSYS BIOMETRICS CORP. 263
AUTHENTEC, INC. 263
AXIS COMMUNICATIONS 264
BIO-GATE AG 265
BIO-KEY INTERNATIONAL, INC. 266
BIOMETRIC SECURITY LIMITED 267
BIOMETRONIX GMBH 268
BIOSCRYPT, INC. 268
BRICKCOM CORPORATION 269
North American Office 269
CANON EUROPE LTD. 270
COGENT SYSTEMS, INC. 271
COGNITEC SYSTEMS GMBH 272
North American Office 272
COMMUNICATION INTELLIGENCE CORP. (CIC) 273
DAON INC. 274
Platform 274
Applications 275
Tools 275
DIAPHONICS, INC. 275
DIGITALPERSONA, INC. 276
EVERFOCUS ELECTRONICS CORP. 277
North American Headquarters 277
FUJITSU 278
United States Office 278
FINGERPRINT CARDS AB 279
FULCRUM BIOMETRICS, LLC 280
GALLAGHER SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 281
HIRSCH ELECTRONIC CORP. 282
HITACHI SECURITY SOLUTIONS 282
HONEYWELL VIDEO SYSTEMS 283
IDENTIMETRICS, INC. 284
IMAGEWARE SYSTEMS, INC. 285



IRITECH, INC. 286
INTELLIGENT BIOMETRIC SOLUTIONS (IQBIO) 287
IMPRIVATA, INC. 288
L-1 IDENTITY SOLUTIONS 289
LISKA BIOMETRY, INC. 290
LUMIDIGM, INC. 291
M2SYS LLC 292
NEC CORPORATION OF AMERICA 293
NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 294
OSS NOKALVA, INC. 295
PRECISE BIOMETRICS AB 296
SAGEM MORPHO 297
SECUGEN CORPORATION 298
SECURIMETRICS, INC. 299
SENSORY, INC. 300
SIEMENS IT SOLUTIONS AND SERVICES 301
Siemens IT Solutions ' (Continued) 302
SUPREMA INC. 303
TECHNOIMAGIA CO., LTD. 304
North America Office 304
TUTIS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. 304
UPEK, INC. 305
VERIDICOM INTERNATIONAL, INC. 306
VERINT SYSTEMS INC. 307
VICON INDUSTRIES 308
VISIPHOR CORPORATION 308
ZKS GROUP (SHANGHAI) 309
ZKS Group ' (Continued) 310


APPENDIX 4: BIOMETRICS GLOSSARY 311
TABLE 66 GLOSSARY 311


APPENDIX 5: LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES 320
UNITED STATES 320



BIOMETRIC CONSORTIUM (WWW.BIOMETRICS.ORG/) 320
INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (IBIA) 320
BIOMETRIC FOUNDATION 320
BIOAPI CONSORTIUM 320
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR IDENTIFICATION 320
NATIONAL BIOMETRIC SECURITY PROJECT (NBSP) 321
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST) 321
THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL (NSTC): 321
EUROPEAN UNION 321
DANISH BIOMETRICS RESEARCH 321
EUROPEAN BIOMETRIC FORUM (EBF) 321
EUROPEAN PRIVACY INSTITUTE 322
NORDIC BIOMETRICS FORUM 322
SWEDISH NATIONAL BIOMETRIC ASSOCIATION, SNBA 322
UNITED KINGDOM 322
COMMUNICATION-ELECTRONICS SECURITY GROUP (CESG) 322
BIOMETRIC TESTING SERVICES 322
INTELLECT ASSOCIATION FOR BIOMETRICS 323
CHINA 323
CENTER FOR BIOMETRICS AND SECURITY RESEARCH (CBSR) 323
JOINT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY FOR ADVANCED COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
(JDL) 323
ELECTRIC ENGINEERING DEPT., TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY 323
BIOMETRIC RESEARCH CENTER, HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY 323
SOUTH KOREA 324
KOREAN BIOMETRICS ASSOCIATION (KBA) 324
JAPAN 324
JAPAN BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION ASSOCIATION 324
SINGAPORE 324
SINGAPORE BIOMETRIC WORKING GROUP 324
AUSTRALIA 324
BIOMETRICS INSTITUTE (AUSTRALIA) 324
NEW ZEALAND 324
ASIS NEW ZEALAND 324


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