AQUACULTURE
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Lecture-2
Types of Aquaculture
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Types of Aquaculture
• Objectives
– To discuss classification systems of aquaculture
– To differentiate among different types of aquaculture
– To understand the merits & demerits of each category
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Types of Aquaculture
• Contents
– Introduction
– Historical perspective
– Systems of aquaculture
• Aquaculture (Intensity based)
• Aquaculture (Species based)
• Aquaculture (Salinity based)
• Aquaculture (Temperature based)
– Conclusion
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Types of Aquaculture
• Introduction
– Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic plants and animals in
controlled or semi-controlled environments
– Aquatic organisms, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans
and aquatic plants
– Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing
process to enhance production, such as regular stocking,
feeding, protection from predators, etc
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Types of Aquaculture
• Historical perspective
– Aquaculture has a tradition of about 4 000 years old
– It began in China, possibly due to the desires of an
emperor to have a constant supply of fish
– Techniques for keeping fish in ponds originated in China
with fishermen who kept their surplus catch alive
temporarily in baskets submerged in rivers or small bodies
of water
– It developed from ancient practices for trapping fish, with
the operations steadily improving from trapping-holding to
trapping-holding-growing, and finally into complete
husbandry practices
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Systems of Aquaculture
– Aquaculture is classified in several ways, depending upon
the different aspects and situations involved in the culture
practice
– Some basic and important classifications are:
• Aquaculture (Intensity based)
• Aquaculture (Species based)
• Aquaculture (Salinity based)
• Aquaculture (Temperature based)
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Types of Aquaculture
– Based on Intensity
1. Intensive
2. Semi-intensive
3. Extensive
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• 1.Intensive-Characterized by:
– An extremely high stocking density
– Substantial environmental control (i.e. temperature,
dissolved oxygen, lighting, water quality requirements)
– Utilizing a series of tanks, and water treatment processes
– In most cases, intensive systems are indoors so that
climate control does not have to be maintained for each
individual system (e.g. tank or raceway)
– Intensive aquaculture systems ensure fast growth, high
survival, and optimum production yield
Types of Aquaculture
Based on Intensity
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• 2.Semi-intensive-Characterized by:
– A higher stocking density
– Examples include pond culture of fish and shrimp
– Farmer has some control of the environment, usually in
the form of water exchange and aeration
– Farmer provides supplemental feed but of the animal’s
nutrition comes from natural production
– Improved growth rate rates, survival, and harvest yields
Types of Aquaculture
Based on Intensity
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• 3.Extensive- Characterized by:
– A very limited input by the culturist
– Often done in open water
– Farmer has little control of the environment
– Farmer does not provide food to the animals
– Growth, production, and harvest yields are typically lower
– Due to the limitation of inputs (particularly food), the cost
of production is much lower
Types of Aquaculture
Based on Intensity
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Types of Aquaculture
– Based on Species
1. Monoculture
2. Polyculture
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Types of Aquaculture
Based on Species
1.Monoculture
– Only one fish species reared in a culture system
– Examples
• Trout
• Tilapia
• Catfishes
• Carps
• Shrimp
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Types of Aquaculture
Based on Species
2.Polyculture-The principal requirements for polyculture are :
– Two or more different fish species are farmed
– Polyculture practices give higher yield than monoculture
– Different feeding habits
– Should occupy different columns in a pond system
– Should attain marketable size at the same time
– Should be non predatory in behavior
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Types of Aquaculture
Based on Species
2.Polyculture-Example
– Chinese carp culture in which
several species of carp are
produced in the same pond,
with each species using a
different food source
– Grass carp would eat higher
plants, silver carp eating
phytoplankton and bighead
targeting zooplankton
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Types of Aquaculture
Based on Salinity
1.Freshwater culture-rivers, lakes, streams & ponds
– Farming of aquatic animals and plants in zero saline
water
– Examples
• Carps
• Tilapia
• Catfish
• Trout
• Goldfish
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Types of Aquaculture
Based on Salinity
2.Brackish water culture- estuaries, backwaters, creeks and
mangroves
– Brakish water is a mixture of seawater and freshwater
with a salinity less than30ppt
– Examples
• Northern killifish
• Tropical Nile tilapia
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Types of Aquaculture
Based on Salinity
3.Marine culture- seas & oceans
– Farming of aquatic animals and plants in sea water is
marine water farming
– Examples
• Shrimps
• Eels
• Mollusks
• Atlantic salmon
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Types of Aquaculture
– Based on Temperature
1. Warm water
2. Cool water
3. Cold water
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1.Warm water culture
– Warm water species tend to grow optimally at or above
25°C
– Examples:
• Catfish
• Tilapia
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Types of Aquaculture
Based on Temperature

2.Cool water culture
– Cool water species grow best at temperatures between
20°C and 25°C
– Examples:
• Trout
• Salmon
• Halibut
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Types of Aquaculture
Based on Temperature

3.Cold water culture
– Coldwater species exhibit optimum growth at
temperatures below 20°C
– Examples:
• Yellow perch
• Mahseer
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Types of Aquaculture
Based on Temperature

Conclusion
– Culture systems range from extensive to intensive
depending on the stocking density, the level of inputs, and
the degree of management
– Culture systems may involve the production of one species
(monoculture) or they may contain two or more species
(polyculture)
– Aquaculture world-wide uses three types of environment
(freshwater, brackish water, and marine)
– Aquaculture organisms tend to be classified as having a
preference for warm, cool or cold water
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The End
Thank you……..
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