2. DEFNITION
According to I.L.O, “Social security is the protection which society
provides for its members through a series of public measure, against the
economic and social distress that otherwise would be caused by the
substantial stoppage of earning resulting from :-
sickness
maternity
injury
unemployment
old age and
death.
3. Concept of social security
Social security is "any government system that provides monetary assistance to
people with and inadequate or no income. Social security is enshrined in Article 22 of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: Everyone, as a member of
society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national
effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and
resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for
his dignity and the free development of his personality.
Social security may also refer to the action programs of government intended to
promote the welfare of the population through assistance measures guaranteeing
access to sufficient resources for food and shelter and to promote health and well-
being for the population at large and potentially vulnerable segments such as children,
the elderly, the sick and the unemployed. Services providing social security are often
called social services
4. Features of social security
Mechanism to solve the problem of insecurity.
It is a group effort in place of individual effort.
Protect the workers from various contingencies of life.
It collective effort of employee, employer, and govt.
Idea to provide social justice.
5. Objectives of social security
To provide income security: social security provides for Income, in the form of benefits in
kind, if a person no longer Participates in work owing to certain circumtances, such as disability,
old age, and unemployment.
To provide job security: social security provide job security In the sense that gives work to
those people who can work without the fear of loosing the job .
To provide assistance: social security provides assistance to people to find Work again; this
assistance is given, in particular, to those who have lost their job or who are threatened with
unemployment or disability.
To give support of household functions: some of the Social security systems are taking over
the functions that have been privately fulfilled by each household including the Care of children
in need of such care, care of persons ( children) with disabilities, rearing children and giving
support to aged parents.
6. THE MAIN OBJECTIVES
To increase the productivity of industrial workers.
legislations are implemented properly to achieve the above objectives. To
improve health and control sickness of industrial workers.
To prevent occupational diseases and take the remedial measures.
To remove mental and physical hazards to prevent industrial accidents.
To take care of old age and the other consequences resulting there from
To ensure that various
7. Purpose of social security
To give individuals and families the confidence that their level of living and
quality of life will not erode by social or economic eventuality.
To provide medical care and income security against the consequences of
defined contingencies
To facilitate the victims physical and vocational rehabilitation
To prevent or reduce ill health and accidents in the occupations
To protect against unemployment by maintenance and promotion of job
creation
To provide benefit for the maintenance of any children.
8. Approaches:
Social assistance:
• A method to provide benefits as of right to persons,
usually of small means in amounts sufficient to meet a
minimum standards of living from general revenues of the
state.
Characteristics feature of this is the beneficiaries do not
make any contribution towards various benefits which are
made available to them.
It is a “Non-contributory benefits” towards the
maintenance of vulnerable groups such as children,
mothers, aged peoples, disabled etc.
9. Social Insurance
A method to provide benefits as a matter of right for persons of
small earnings, in amounts which combine the contributions of the
beneficiaries with subsidies from the employer and the state
Characteristics feature of this is the beneficiaries, employers and the
Government make contributions to-wards the creation of common pool,
out of which benefits are paid to the members in the event of any
contingencies.
•Suitable where the class of workers to be covered is sufficiently well
organized, legally regulated and financially stable.
10. Social Security in India
According to article 41 of the India constitution lays down, “the state shall
with in the limits of its economic capacity and development make effective
provision securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in
case of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement, And other cases
of unserved wants” India has always had a Joint Family system that took
care of the social security needs of all the members provided it had
access/ownership of material assets like land. In keeping with its cultural
traditions, family members and relatives have always discharged a sense of
shared responsibility towards one another. To the extent that the family has
resources to draw upon, this is often the best relief for the special needs
and care required by the aged and those in poor health. However with
increasing migration, urbanization and demographic changes there has
been a decrease in large family units. This is where the formal system of
social security gains importance. However, information and awareness are
the vital factors in widening the coverage of Social Security schemes.