1.
CHLAMYDIAE
RATHEESH R.L

2.
• The genus chlamydiae consist of small, non-
motile, gram negative obligate intracellular
parasites.
• They lack the ability to produce their own ATP
hence uses the host’s ATP.

3.
• These genus consist of three important
species which are medically important and
cause various diseases in humans,
– C.PNEUMONIA
– C.PSITTACI
– C.TRACHOMATIS

4.
PATHOGENESIS
• C.PNEUMONIA
The organism causes respiratory
disease known as pneumonia and is considered
as the third most cause of pneumonia after
Strep. Pneumniae and H.influenza.

5.
• C.PSITTACI
This bacterium can infect parrots and
other avian species (eg, turkeys, pigeons, ducks).
Another term for this infection is ornithosis
A contagious disease of birds, caused by
chlamydiae and transmissible (especially from
parrots) to human beings as a form of pneumonia

6.
• Incubation periods in caged birds vary from days to weeks
and longer. Most commonly this period is approximately 3
to 10 days. Latent infections are common and active
disease may occur several years after exposure.
• The incubation period of this disease is however difficult to
assess due to these chronically infected birds that develop
persistent, asymptomatic infections.

7.
• C. psittaci is related to Chlamydia trachomatis,
the most common human STD, and Chlamydia
pneumonia, a cause of human pneumonia.
• Chlamydia pneumonia is also being
investigated as possibly being associated
with cardiovascular disease in humans.

8.
• C.TRACHOMATIS
Chlamydia infection is a common
sexually transmitted infection in humans caused
by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.
The organism causes both ocular and
genital lesions

9.
Ocular lesions
• Because of the ocular lesions it can cause
– Trachoma
– Inclusion conjunctivitis

10.
Trachoma
• Trachoma is a bacterial infection that affects
the eyes.
• Causes scarring and vascularization of cornea
• It's contagious, spreading through contact
with the eyes, eyelids, and nose or throat
secretions of infected people.
• It can also be passed on by handling infected
items, such as handkerchiefs

11.
Inclusion conjunctivitis
• It is most prevalent in sexually active adults.
• Infection transferred from genital secretions
to eye by hand contact leading inclusion
conjunctivitis.
• It is also known as paratrachoma

12.
genital lesions
• The most common genital lesions are,
- lympho granuloma venereum
- non-gonococcal urethritis

13.
lympho granuloma venereum
• Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a long-
term (chronic) infection of the lymphatic system.
It is caused by any of 3 different types (serovars)
of the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis.
• The bacteria are spread by sexual contact.

14.
non-gonococcal urethritis
• Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is an
inflammation of the urethra that is not caused
by gonorrheal infection.

15.
LAB DIAGNOSIS
• Hematological investigations
• No significant findings
• Bacteriological investigations
• Microscopy
• Culture studies
• Serological studies
• Skin test

16.
Microscopy
• Smears made from the specimen are stained
and observed under a light microscope –
typical reniform incusion bodies surrounding
the nucleus can be seen.

17.
Culture studies
• Usually egg yolk sac culture or chick embryo
culture or tissue culture is advised.

18.
Serological studies
• Compliment fixation test is used

19.
Skin test
• A test performed to confirm a diagnosis of lympho
granuloma venereum.
• Killed antigen, originally derived from infected
patients, is injected intradermally in one forearm,
and a control material is injected into the other arm.
• If a red, thickened papule
develops at the site of injection of antigen, the test
result is positive.

20.
TREATMENT
• Sulfonamides are found to be effective against
chlamydiae infection.