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Estimating Carbon Stock of a Protected Tropical Forest in Cebu, Central Philippines,[object Object],Edgar E. Borga Jr., Ramon Earl L. Labrada & NerizaArche MS,[object Object]
Introduction,[object Object],Climate Change Phenomenon,[object Object],Atmospheric CO2increase,[object Object],Tropical Forests,[object Object],Sequester more carbon (Brown et al. 1997),[object Object],Image Source: http://www.treehugger.com/,[object Object]
Introduction,[object Object],Cebu is heavily deforested,[object Object],Reforestation Programs,[object Object],Most Common Species,[object Object],Swieteniamacrophylla  (Mahogany),[object Object],Tectona grandis(Teak),[object Object],No databank on carbon stock (DENR),[object Object]
Objectives and Limitations,[object Object],Objectives,[object Object],To measure stored carbon in the forest in vegetation, soil and litter carbon pools,[object Object],Limitations,[object Object],No remote sensing,[object Object],Maximum timeframe,[object Object],No atmospheric carbon flux and microbial activity assessment,[object Object],Non parametric analysis was made on data which did not meet assumptions for parametric analysis.,[object Object]
Methodology,[object Object]
Study Site,[object Object],Buhisan Watershed Forest Reserve,[object Object],BarangayToong (52.4 ha or 8.6% of BWFR) ,[object Object],Rugged terrain and irregular elevation ranging from 100m to 400m ASL,[object Object],Tectona grandis(Teak) and Swieteniamacrophylla (Mahogany),[object Object],Soil is limestone with limestone rock covered with clay to loam soil,[object Object],Divided between homogenous and heterogeneous areas,[object Object]
Estimating Carbon Stock of a Protected Tropical Forest in Cebu, Central Philippines
Sampling,[object Object],First week of April,[object Object],Twenty 20x20 m plots (Ramachandran et al. 2007),[object Object],10 homogenous,[object Object],10 heterogeneous,[object Object],Randomly Followed traversable roads and trails,[object Object],For each 15 minutes walking, a site was randomly chosen,[object Object],When required number of heterogeneous sites were obtained – only homogenous sites were further sampled,[object Object]
Vegetation Analysis,[object Object],Survey,[object Object],20, 20m x 20m subplots,[object Object],Diameter at breast height (DBH),[object Object],Density, Dominance & Importance value,[object Object]
Vegetation/Biomass Carbon Estimation,[object Object],DBH (<5cm),[object Object],Above Ground (Brown, 1997),[object Object],Y (AGB) = 42.69-12.800(D)+1.242(D²),[object Object],Below Ground (Cairns et al. 1997),[object Object],Y (BGB) = exp(-1.0850+0.9256(In Y (AGB)),[object Object],50% is carbon (Brown et al 1995),[object Object],Image source: http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/,[object Object]
Litterfall Carbon,[object Object],Litter plot 1x1m (Gosz, 1980),[object Object],Monthly Collection,[object Object],Leaves, wood, fruit and flowers,[object Object],% C via Gravimetric method of dry combustion (Eaton and Lawrence, 2008 and Chan, 1982),[object Object]
Soil Organic Carbon Estimation,[object Object],0-30 cm depth,[object Object],Bulk Density ,[object Object],Core Method,[object Object],Monthly Collection,[object Object],%SOC ,[object Object],Walkey & Black's Wet Oxidation Method (Mingorance et al. 2007),[object Object],Monthly % SOC x Bulk density,[object Object]
Statistical Analysis,[object Object],SOC, Leaf carbon litter, biomass carbon, and overall forest carbon,[object Object],ANOVA,[object Object],Post hoc of Tukey’s HSD (monthly),[object Object],Wood, fruit and flower litter carbon ,[object Object],Mann–Whitney U Test,[object Object]
Results and Discussion,[object Object]
Vegetation Analysis,[object Object],Overall 17 species of trees (Table 1),[object Object],Barangay Toong is a heavily reforested area.,[object Object],Mostly are occupied by Tectona grandis and Swieteniamacrophylla.,[object Object],Table 1. Density, dominance, importance values, DBH,  of majortree species in heterogeneous areas of Barangay Toong. (Mean ± SE),[object Object]
Biomass Carbon,[object Object],Average: 653.9 t C per hectare,[object Object],Homogenous area is considerably higher,[object Object],Figure 4. Above and Below Ground Biomass Carbon (Mean+SE) of the study area,[object Object]
Litterfall Carbon,[object Object],Figure 7 Litterfall in study site, for leaves, wood, and fruits/flowers in homogenous and heterogeneous areas(±SE) from April to August 2010..,[object Object],Figure 5. Climatograph of PAG-ASA from April to August 2010, Mactan Island, Cebu,[object Object]
Soil Organic Carbon,[object Object],Figure 8. Monthly average SOC(+SD) of Buhisan Watershed Forest Resreve in barangayToong from April to August 2010,[object Object]
Overall Carbon Stock in 3 pools,[object Object],* Significant Between 3 Pools (Biomass, Soil,  and Soil),[object Object]
Stored Carbon in Relation to Fossil Fuels,[object Object],Gasoline: 640 g C / Liter,[object Object],Diesel:  734 g C / Liter,[object Object],(Source: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency),[object Object],Forest age of 60 years,[object Object],Density of 1 tree in every 19.75 sq m,[object Object]
Conclusions and Recommendations,[object Object],No significant difference between two area types within the study period for carbon storage,[object Object],Longer temporal scale, as well as better means of measuring carbon stored. ,[object Object],Buhisan Watershed Forest Reserve ,[object Object],Protected against anthropogenic disturbance ,[object Object],More efforts should be made to convert idle lands to secondary forests,[object Object]
References,[object Object],Brown, S. 1997. Estimating biomass and biomass change of 	tropical forest: A primer. Rome: Food 	and 	Agriculture Association of the United Nations, FAO.,[object Object],Chan, Y.H. 1982. Storage and release of organic carbon in 	peninsular Malaysia. IntJournEnvi Stud. 18(3-4):211-222.,[object Object],DENR Region 7. 2003. Management Plan: Central Cebu 	Protected Landscape. ,[object Object],Eaton, J.M., Lawrence, D. 2008. Loss of carbon sequestration 	potential after several decades of shifting cultivation in 	the Southern Yucatán. Forest Ecol. Manag 258:949-58.,[object Object],Gosz, J.R. 1980. Biomass distribution and production budget 	for a nonaggrading forest ecosystem. Ecology 61:507–14.,[object Object],Mingorance, M.D., Barahona, E., Fernández-Gálvez, J. 2007. 	Guidelines for improving organic carbon recovery by the 	wet oxidation method. Chemosphere 68:409–13.,[object Object]
Thank you,[object Object]

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Estimating Carbon Stock of a Protected Tropical Forest in Cebu, Central Philippines

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