2. SUPPOSITORIES-THE SEMI SOLID
DOSAGE FORM
* DEFINITION AND TYPES.
* NEW TRENDS OF SUPPOSITORIES.
* CLASSIFICATION OF SUPPOSITORY
BASES.
*MECHANISM OF DRUG ACTION.
* ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
3. DEFINATION AND TYPES OF POSOLOGY
• SUPPOSITORIES ARE SEMI SOLID MEDICAMENT FOR
INSERTION INTO BODY CAVITIES LIKE RECTUM
VAGINA OR NASAL CAVITY BUT OTHER THAN MOUTH
CAVITY.SUPPOSITORIES ARE AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT
SHAPES AND SIZES AND WEIGHT .
• TYPES OF POSOLOGY:
1. RECTAL SUPPOSITORIES.
2. VAGINAL SUPPOSITORIES.
3. NASAL SUPPOSITORIES.
4. URETHRAL SUPPOSITORIES.
5. EAR CONES.
4. NEW TRENDS OF SUPPOSITORIES
IN RECENT YEARS A NEW CONCEPT OF SUPPOSITORIES HAVE
BEEN INTRODUCED IN REGARD TO ITS FORMULATION AND
PACKAGING.
1.TABLET SUPPOSITORIES –NOWDAYS THE RECTAL
SUPPOSITORIES AND PESSARIES ARE PREPARED BY
COMPRESSION JUST LIKE COMPRESSED TABLETS.THEY ARE
COTED WITH POLYETHELENE GLYCOL FOR THE PROTECTION.
2.LAYERED SUPPOSITORIES –THESE SUPPOSITORIES CONTAIN
DIFFERENT DRUGS IN DIFFERENT LAYER TO AVOID
INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN THEM.THESE TYPES OF
SUPPOSITORIES ARE PREPARED BY PARTIALLY FILLING THE
MOULD WITH ONE TYPE OF MATERIAL.
5. 3.CAPSULE SUPPOSITORIES –THE SOFT GELATIN
CAPSULE OF DIFFERENT SHAPES AND SIZES ARE
USED FOR INSERTION INTO RECTUM OR VAGINA.
4.COATED SUPPOSITORIES –SUPPOSITORIES ARE
COATED BY DIPPING IN THE SOLUTION OF THE
COATED MATERIALS SUCH AS ,POLYETHELENE
GLYCOL AND CETYLE ALCOHOL .THEY ALSO
HELPS TO CONTROL THE REALESE OF
MEDICAMENT.
5.DISOSABLE SUPPOSITORIES –THE DISPOSABLE
MOULDS ARE MADE UP OF PLASTIC MATERIALS
OR TIN FOILS .THE SUPPOSITORY MATERIALS IS
POURED INTO THE DISPOSABLE MOULDS AND
COOLED.THESE ARE PACKED IN CARTONS.THESE
ARE CHEAPER AND ELEGENT.
6. MECHANISM OF DRUG ACTION
• LOCAL ACTION – WHEN SUPPOSITORIES ARE INSERTED
INTO A BODY IT MAY EITHER GET MELTED OR
DISSOLVED AND THE MEDICAMENT PRESENT IN IT IS
CARRIED TO THE TISSUE. THE MEDICAMENT THUS
RETAIN IN THE CAVIETY FOR ITS LOCALISED EFFECT.
RECTAL SUPPOSITORIES ARE USED FOR THEIR
LOCALISED ACTION TO RELIEVE CONSTIPATION PAIN
,IRRITATION ,ITCHING ETC.
* SYSTEMIC ACTION – THE SUPPOSITORIES ON ITS
INSERTION INTO A BODY CAVIETY GETS MELTED OR
DISSOLVE.THE DRUG REALISED IS DISTRIBUTED THROUGH
OUT THE TISSUE OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE AND GET
ABSORPED.
7. SUPPOSITIRIES
ADVANTAGES
• THIS CAN BE EASILY
ADMINISTERED TO
CHILDREN.
• THIS ARE INSERTED INTO
BODY CAVITIES TO
PRODUCE LOCAL EFFECT .
• THEY ARE UNIT DOSAGE
FORM .
• THE DRUG IS SLOWLY
ABSORBED BUT GIVES A
SUSTAINED ACTION.
DISADVANTAGES
• THE IRRITANT DRUG CANT
BE ADMINISTERED BY THIS
ROUTE.
• IT CAUSES
EMBARRASSMENT TO THE
PATIENT.
• ITS CANT BE PREPARED
EASILY.
• THE STORAGE PROCESS IS
COSTLY.