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MAJOR HAEMORRHAGE & 
TRAUMA-INDUCED COAGULOPATHY 
KARIM BROHI, FRCS FRCA 
Professor of Trauma Sciences, QMUL 
Centre for Trauma Sciences 
Queen Mary University of London 
www.c4ts.qmul.ac.uk 
Royal London Major Trauma Centre 
Barts Health NHS Trust
43%
DIED OF 
WOUNDS 
506 
US COMBAT 
CASUALTIES 
2001-2011
DIED OF 
WOUNDS 
506 
KILLED IN 
ACTION 
4090 
PREVENTABLE 
1075 
HEMORRHAGE 
92% 
US COMBAT 
CASUALTIES 
2001-2011
HAEMOSTATIC Resuscitation 
1. Early haemorrhage control 
2. Permissive hypotension 
3. Limit fluid infusions (dilution) 
4. Target coagulopathy
HAEMOSTATIC Resuscitation 
1. Early haemorrhage control 
2. Permissive hypotension 
3. Limit fluid infusions (dilution) 
4. Target coagulopathy
HAEMOSTATIC Resuscitation 
1. Early haemorrhage control (DCS) 
2. Permissive hypotension 
3. Limit fluid infusions (dilution) 
4. Target coagulopathy
Trauma 
Hemorrhage 
Genetics 
Shock 
Fibrinolysis Inflammation Hypothermia Acidemia 
Loss, Dilution 
ATC 
TRAUMA-INDUCED 
COAGULOPATHY (TIC)
Trauma 
Hemorrhage 
Shock 
ATC 
TRAUMA-INDUCED 
COAGULOPATHY (TIC)
Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy 
ATC
Trauma 
Hemorrhage 
Shock 
ATC 
TRAUMA-INDUCED 
COAGULOPATHY (TIC)
Trauma 
Hemorrhage 
Genetics 
Shock 
Fibrinolysis Inflammation Hypothermia Acidemia 
Loss, Dilution 
ATC 
TRAUMA-INDUCED 
COAGULOPATHY (TIC)
100 
80 
60 
40 
20 
0 
-20 
-40 
-60 
-80 
-100 
exTEM PTr Comparison 
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 
Firmness [mm] 
Time [min] 
EXTEM PTR<1.2 
EXTEM PTR>1.2
ATC: 
CA5 < 36mm
?
FIBRINOGEN LOSS
CRYOSTAT
CRYOSTAT Mortality 
a 
Standard: Y 7/22 : 32% 
Early CRYO: 3/21 : 14%
FIBRINOLYSIS
60% 
40% 
20% 
0% 
Normal Occult Severe Occult Overt 
% of Patients 
Hyperfibrinolysis
Mechanism of ATC
Systemic Activation of Protein C
Activated Protein C (ng/ml)
VIIa IXa Xa 
+ + + 
+ 
XIIa XIa 
Thrombin Fibrin 
TM TM TM TM 
+ 
platelet 
Thrombin-TM 
Fibrinogen
VIIa IXa Xa 
+ 
XIIa XIa 
aPC 
- 
PC 
Thrombin-TM 
- 
Thrombin Fibrin 
+ 
platelet 
TM TM TM TM 
Fibrinogen
VIIa IXa Xa 
+ 
XIIa XIa 
aPC 
- 
PC 
Thrombin-TM 
- 
Thrombin Fibrin 
+ 
platelet 
TM TM TM TM 
Fibrinogen
VIIa IXa Xa 
+ 
XIIa XIa 
aPC 
- 
PC 
Thrombin-TM 
- 
FDPs 
Plasmin 
Fibrinogen 
tPA 
+ 
Thrombin Fibrin 
+ 
platelet 
+
VIIa IXa Xa 
+ 
XIIa XIa 
aPC 
- 
PC 
Thrombin-TM 
- 
FDPs 
Plasmin 
Fibrinogen 
tPA 
+ 
Thrombin Fibrin 
+ 
platelet 
+ 
-
VIIa IXa Xa 
+ 
XIIa XIa 
Fibrinogen 
Thrombin Fibrin 
aPC 
- 
PC 
Thrombin-TM 
- 
FDPs 
Plasmin 
PAI-1 tPA 
+ 
- 
- 
+ 
platelet 
+ 
-
HAEMOSTATIC Resuscitation 
1. Early haemorrhage control 
2. Permissive hypotension 
3. Limit fluid infusions (dilution) 
4. Target coagulopathy
Prof Karim Brohi   Major haemorrhage & Coagulopathy

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Prof Karim Brohi Major haemorrhage & Coagulopathy

  • 1. MAJOR HAEMORRHAGE & TRAUMA-INDUCED COAGULOPATHY KARIM BROHI, FRCS FRCA Professor of Trauma Sciences, QMUL Centre for Trauma Sciences Queen Mary University of London www.c4ts.qmul.ac.uk Royal London Major Trauma Centre Barts Health NHS Trust
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. 43%
  • 7. DIED OF WOUNDS 506 US COMBAT CASUALTIES 2001-2011
  • 8. DIED OF WOUNDS 506 KILLED IN ACTION 4090 PREVENTABLE 1075 HEMORRHAGE 92% US COMBAT CASUALTIES 2001-2011
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. HAEMOSTATIC Resuscitation 1. Early haemorrhage control 2. Permissive hypotension 3. Limit fluid infusions (dilution) 4. Target coagulopathy
  • 12. HAEMOSTATIC Resuscitation 1. Early haemorrhage control 2. Permissive hypotension 3. Limit fluid infusions (dilution) 4. Target coagulopathy
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. HAEMOSTATIC Resuscitation 1. Early haemorrhage control (DCS) 2. Permissive hypotension 3. Limit fluid infusions (dilution) 4. Target coagulopathy
  • 19. Trauma Hemorrhage Genetics Shock Fibrinolysis Inflammation Hypothermia Acidemia Loss, Dilution ATC TRAUMA-INDUCED COAGULOPATHY (TIC)
  • 20. Trauma Hemorrhage Shock ATC TRAUMA-INDUCED COAGULOPATHY (TIC)
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. Trauma Hemorrhage Shock ATC TRAUMA-INDUCED COAGULOPATHY (TIC)
  • 30. Trauma Hemorrhage Genetics Shock Fibrinolysis Inflammation Hypothermia Acidemia Loss, Dilution ATC TRAUMA-INDUCED COAGULOPATHY (TIC)
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46. 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 exTEM PTr Comparison 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Firmness [mm] Time [min] EXTEM PTR<1.2 EXTEM PTR>1.2
  • 47. ATC: CA5 < 36mm
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52. ?
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 61. CRYOSTAT Mortality a Standard: Y 7/22 : 32% Early CRYO: 3/21 : 14%
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65. 60% 40% 20% 0% Normal Occult Severe Occult Overt % of Patients Hyperfibrinolysis
  • 69.
  • 70. VIIa IXa Xa + + + + XIIa XIa Thrombin Fibrin TM TM TM TM + platelet Thrombin-TM Fibrinogen
  • 71. VIIa IXa Xa + XIIa XIa aPC - PC Thrombin-TM - Thrombin Fibrin + platelet TM TM TM TM Fibrinogen
  • 72. VIIa IXa Xa + XIIa XIa aPC - PC Thrombin-TM - Thrombin Fibrin + platelet TM TM TM TM Fibrinogen
  • 73. VIIa IXa Xa + XIIa XIa aPC - PC Thrombin-TM - FDPs Plasmin Fibrinogen tPA + Thrombin Fibrin + platelet +
  • 74. VIIa IXa Xa + XIIa XIa aPC - PC Thrombin-TM - FDPs Plasmin Fibrinogen tPA + Thrombin Fibrin + platelet + -
  • 75. VIIa IXa Xa + XIIa XIa Fibrinogen Thrombin Fibrin aPC - PC Thrombin-TM - FDPs Plasmin PAI-1 tPA + - - + platelet + -
  • 76.
  • 77.
  • 78.
  • 79. HAEMOSTATIC Resuscitation 1. Early haemorrhage control 2. Permissive hypotension 3. Limit fluid infusions (dilution) 4. Target coagulopathy

Editor's Notes

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