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The Mobile Frontier
                                     Interactions 2012




  Rachel Hinman
  Senior Research Scientist
  Nokia Research Lab
  Palo Alto, California USA
         Hinman


Title!
2


I used to be a web designer, too!
Mobile has arrived…
Mobile = Wild West
Even in situations in which a spirit of
 exploration and freedom exist, where faculty
 “Hey, I’ve got this great idea for an app…”
are free to experiment to work beyond physical
  and social constraints, our cognitive habits
              often get in the way. 


  Marshall McLuhan called it “the rear-view
 mirror effect,” noting that “We see the world
    through a rear-view mirror. We march
          backwards into the future.”!
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
The Rearview Mirror Effect
Even in in situations in whichaaspirit of
        Even situations in which spirit of
 exploration and freedom exist, where we are
   exploration and freedom exist, where faculty
free to experiment and to work beyond physical
  are free to experiment work beyond physical
              and social constraints,
    and social constraints, our cognitive habits
  our cognitive habits often get in
 the way.
                often get in the way.

    Marshall McLuhan called called it
         Marshall McLuhan it “the rear-view
  “the rear-viewnoting that “We noting that
  mirror effect,” mirror effect,” see the world
“We see the world through a rear-view mirror.
     through a rear-view mirror. We march
    We march backwards intofuture.”!
           backwards into the the future.”
Mobile presents an
opportunity to invent
new ways for users to
interact with information.


                             11!
The Mobile Frontier
Where to Look?
Emergent Mobile Topics
 1 Shapeshifting

 2 A Brave NUI World

 3 Comfortable Computing
Emergent Mobile Topics
 1 Shapeshifting

 2 A Brave NUI World

 3 Comfortable Computing
Shapeshifting
The Mobile Frontier
18!
“We made the web
in the image of
ourselves, and in
the U.S., that
means OBESE.”

~Jason Grigsby
A!




     20!
21!
Q:
    “I think a lot of web design in the
    past five to ten years is actually
Q:!
    just a reflection of print again.
    We’ve been designing for one
    context, which isn’t much better
    than a PDF document.”

     ~ Bryan Rieger

                                          22!
Q:    “Our obsession with layout
      (carried over from print design)
Q:!
      keeps us from seizing much
      bigger opportunities on mobile.”

      ~ Luke Wroblewski



                                         23!
24!
Shapeshifting
Plans & Situated Action
Mutual Reconfiguration
The Mobile Frontier
Q:    Suchman’s theory of mutual
      reconfiguration suggests a person’s
Q:!
      capacity to act (their agency) is
      reconfigured when it comes into
      contact with another thing or person -
      that human action is constantly
      constructed and reconstructed
      from dynamic interactions with the
      material and social worlds.
The Mobile Frontier
30
Two
Q:



Q:!




      Design Implications
Q:



Q:!




      1. Shift in contextual assumptions
Q:



Q:!




               2. Shift in our sensibilities
      around content as a design material
Q:



Q:!




      1. Shift in contextual assumptions
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
A!
A!
     Throughout the design process,
     our work should be situated in
     the contexts where it will be used.
Go to the Gemba
Go to the Gemba
Go to the Gemba
Q:



Q:!




               2. Shift in our sensibilities
      around content as a design material
The Mobile Frontier
Design as the manipulation of materials.
Q:



Q:!




               Pages and screens
      are not our design material
Content as a design material.
“Right now many designers end up
focusing a lot of energy on the overlying
Q:
view – the whole template and look and
feel. But the smaller the screen gets, the
less that stuff matters.
Q:!




One of the most important things we’ve
started looking at is writing and working
with APIs rather than designing ‘pages’
for one context.”

~Stephanie Rieger
“For so much digital content, there is
no good metaphor to render anymore
– the content is just information, text
and images – so new approaches to
Q:!
interaction and visual UI design are
needed.”

~Mike Kruzeniski
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
Q:



Q:!
Emergent Mobile Topics
 1 Shapeshifting

 2 A Brave NUI World

 3 Comfortable Computing
59!
Seated in a relatively predictable environment


          Large screen enables multi-tasking

             Keyboard and a mouse for input




                                           60!
We’re reaching the edges
      of what GUI can do




                      61!
62!
GUIs become brittle
 on a mobile device




                 63!
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
66!
67!
Key differences between
      NUI and GUI
Defining Attributes of




GUIs…
GUI Mental Model =
Computer as tool

                     70!
GUI = Recognition
“What you see is what you get”


                            71!
GUI = Metaphorics, containment and place



                                      72!
GUIs = Heavy Chrome, Icons & Buttons

                                       73!
Defining Attributes of




NUIs…
NUI Mental Model =
Computer as media

                     75!
NUI = Intuition
“What you do is what you get”


                            76!
NUI = Fluid, Unmediated, and Organic




                                       77!
NUIs = Content is the Star
                         78!
GUI = Experiences are anchored

                             79!
NUI = Experiences Unfold

                      80!
NUIs Unfold Like a Game




                          81!
NUIs Can Feel Anchor-less


                       82!
83
Mobile Experiences Unfold
Patterns for how mobile experiences unfold
and progressively reveal their nature

 1 The Nested Doll Pattern

 2 The Hub and Spoke Pattern

 3 The Bento Box Pattern

 4 The Filtered View Pattern
Nested Doll Pattern




                 85!
Hub and Spoke Pattern



                   86!
Bento Box Pattern




                    87!
Filtered View Pattern




                   88!
Mobile Experiences Unfold
Patterns for how mobile experiences unfold
and progressively reveal their nature

 1 The Nested Doll Pattern

 2 The Hub and Spoke Pattern

 3 The Bento Box Pattern

 4 The Filtered View Pattern
Q:



Q:!
Emergent Mobile Topics
 1 Shapeshifting

 2 A Brave NUI World

 3 Comfortable Computing
Mark Weiser
Q:



Q:!
“The most profound technologies
Q:
are those that disappear.
Q:!
They weave themselves into the
fabric of everyday life until they
are indistinguishable from it.”

~ Mark Weiser
The Computer for the 21st Century
Q:



Q:!




      Tab   Pad          Yard-Sized Board



                  1991
2010
The Mobile Frontier
Mobile devices are
the gateway drug for ubicomp
Following toddlers into the future
The Mobile Frontier
“I like cuddling up in bed with
Q:
Netflix on the iPad instead of
sitting in front of the TV. It’s more
Q:!
comfortable to go to bed with a
movie the same way I used to go
to bed with a book”

~ Norbert
iPad Study Participant
“It’s almost like my blankie…
Q:
I curl up in bed with it, or on the
couch. I usually have it with me,
Q:!
regardless of extenuating
circumstances ”

~ Erin
iPad Study Participant
“It’s almost like my blankie…”
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
The Mobile Frontier
Say Goodbye to Done
This should look familiar…




                             108!
This should look familiar…


       The web has evolved around a
           task-efficiency model.

          Mobile can be different.




                                      109!
Tasks are about completion…




                              110!
Tasks are about completion…



Possibilities are interactions that
accrue over time…




                                      111!
Tasks are about completion…



Possibilities are interactions that
accrue over time…




… or facilitate
exploration…
                                      112!
Tasks are about completion…



Possibilities are interactions that
accrue over time…



                               ..or are about
… or facilitate                     SENSING
exploration…                         INTENT!
                                            113!
114!
115!
116!
117!
118!
119!
The Mobile Frontier
Emergent Mobile Topics
 1 Shapeshifting

 2 A Brave NUI World

 3 Comfortable Computing
Mobile presents an
opportunity to invent
new ways for users to
interact with information.


                             122!
Thank you!

                        Email:
                        rachel.hinman@nokia.com




Thanks, and next up…!
Oh! By the way…
I’m writing a book!


Expected Publication:
April 2011

!      !       !

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The Mobile Frontier

  • 1. The Mobile Frontier Interactions 2012 Rachel Hinman Senior Research Scientist Nokia Research Lab Palo Alto, California USA Hinman Title!
  • 2. 2 I used to be a web designer, too!
  • 5. Even in situations in which a spirit of exploration and freedom exist, where faculty “Hey, I’ve got this great idea for an app…” are free to experiment to work beyond physical and social constraints, our cognitive habits often get in the way. 
 Marshall McLuhan called it “the rear-view mirror effect,” noting that “We see the world through a rear-view mirror. We march backwards into the future.”!
  • 10. Even in in situations in whichaaspirit of Even situations in which spirit of exploration and freedom exist, where we are exploration and freedom exist, where faculty free to experiment and to work beyond physical are free to experiment work beyond physical and social constraints, and social constraints, our cognitive habits our cognitive habits often get in
 the way. often get in the way. Marshall McLuhan called called it Marshall McLuhan it “the rear-view “the rear-viewnoting that “We noting that mirror effect,” mirror effect,” see the world “We see the world through a rear-view mirror. through a rear-view mirror. We march We march backwards intofuture.”! backwards into the the future.”
  • 11. Mobile presents an opportunity to invent new ways for users to interact with information. 11!
  • 14. Emergent Mobile Topics 1 Shapeshifting 2 A Brave NUI World 3 Comfortable Computing
  • 15. Emergent Mobile Topics 1 Shapeshifting 2 A Brave NUI World 3 Comfortable Computing
  • 18. 18!
  • 19. “We made the web in the image of ourselves, and in the U.S., that means OBESE.” ~Jason Grigsby
  • 20. A! 20!
  • 21. 21!
  • 22. Q: “I think a lot of web design in the past five to ten years is actually Q:! just a reflection of print again. We’ve been designing for one context, which isn’t much better than a PDF document.” ~ Bryan Rieger 22!
  • 23. Q: “Our obsession with layout (carried over from print design) Q:! keeps us from seizing much bigger opportunities on mobile.” ~ Luke Wroblewski 23!
  • 24. 24!
  • 26. Plans & Situated Action Mutual Reconfiguration
  • 28. Q: Suchman’s theory of mutual reconfiguration suggests a person’s Q:! capacity to act (their agency) is reconfigured when it comes into contact with another thing or person - that human action is constantly constructed and reconstructed from dynamic interactions with the material and social worlds.
  • 30. 30
  • 31. Two Q: Q:! Design Implications
  • 32. Q: Q:! 1. Shift in contextual assumptions
  • 33. Q: Q:! 2. Shift in our sensibilities around content as a design material
  • 34. Q: Q:! 1. Shift in contextual assumptions
  • 41. A!
  • 42. A! Throughout the design process, our work should be situated in the contexts where it will be used.
  • 43. Go to the Gemba
  • 44. Go to the Gemba
  • 45. Go to the Gemba
  • 46. Q: Q:! 2. Shift in our sensibilities around content as a design material
  • 48. Design as the manipulation of materials.
  • 49. Q: Q:! Pages and screens are not our design material
  • 50. Content as a design material.
  • 51. “Right now many designers end up focusing a lot of energy on the overlying Q: view – the whole template and look and feel. But the smaller the screen gets, the less that stuff matters. Q:! One of the most important things we’ve started looking at is writing and working with APIs rather than designing ‘pages’ for one context.” ~Stephanie Rieger
  • 52. “For so much digital content, there is no good metaphor to render anymore – the content is just information, text and images – so new approaches to Q:! interaction and visual UI design are needed.” ~Mike Kruzeniski
  • 58. Emergent Mobile Topics 1 Shapeshifting 2 A Brave NUI World 3 Comfortable Computing
  • 59. 59!
  • 60. Seated in a relatively predictable environment Large screen enables multi-tasking Keyboard and a mouse for input 60!
  • 61. We’re reaching the edges of what GUI can do 61!
  • 62. 62!
  • 63. GUIs become brittle on a mobile device 63!
  • 66. 66!
  • 67. 67!
  • 70. GUI Mental Model = Computer as tool 70!
  • 71. GUI = Recognition “What you see is what you get” 71!
  • 72. GUI = Metaphorics, containment and place 72!
  • 73. GUIs = Heavy Chrome, Icons & Buttons 73!
  • 75. NUI Mental Model = Computer as media 75!
  • 76. NUI = Intuition “What you do is what you get” 76!
  • 77. NUI = Fluid, Unmediated, and Organic 77!
  • 78. NUIs = Content is the Star 78!
  • 79. GUI = Experiences are anchored 79!
  • 80. NUI = Experiences Unfold 80!
  • 81. NUIs Unfold Like a Game 81!
  • 82. NUIs Can Feel Anchor-less 82!
  • 83. 83
  • 84. Mobile Experiences Unfold Patterns for how mobile experiences unfold and progressively reveal their nature 1 The Nested Doll Pattern 2 The Hub and Spoke Pattern 3 The Bento Box Pattern 4 The Filtered View Pattern
  • 86. Hub and Spoke Pattern 86!
  • 89. Mobile Experiences Unfold Patterns for how mobile experiences unfold and progressively reveal their nature 1 The Nested Doll Pattern 2 The Hub and Spoke Pattern 3 The Bento Box Pattern 4 The Filtered View Pattern
  • 91. Emergent Mobile Topics 1 Shapeshifting 2 A Brave NUI World 3 Comfortable Computing
  • 94. “The most profound technologies Q: are those that disappear. Q:! They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.” ~ Mark Weiser The Computer for the 21st Century
  • 95. Q: Q:! Tab Pad Yard-Sized Board 1991
  • 96. 2010
  • 98. Mobile devices are the gateway drug for ubicomp
  • 101. “I like cuddling up in bed with Q: Netflix on the iPad instead of sitting in front of the TV. It’s more Q:! comfortable to go to bed with a movie the same way I used to go to bed with a book” ~ Norbert iPad Study Participant
  • 102. “It’s almost like my blankie… Q: I curl up in bed with it, or on the couch. I usually have it with me, Q:! regardless of extenuating circumstances ” ~ Erin iPad Study Participant
  • 103. “It’s almost like my blankie…”
  • 107. Say Goodbye to Done
  • 108. This should look familiar… 108!
  • 109. This should look familiar… The web has evolved around a task-efficiency model. Mobile can be different. 109!
  • 110. Tasks are about completion… 110!
  • 111. Tasks are about completion… Possibilities are interactions that accrue over time… 111!
  • 112. Tasks are about completion… Possibilities are interactions that accrue over time… … or facilitate exploration… 112!
  • 113. Tasks are about completion… Possibilities are interactions that accrue over time… ..or are about … or facilitate SENSING exploration… INTENT! 113!
  • 114. 114!
  • 115. 115!
  • 116. 116!
  • 117. 117!
  • 118. 118!
  • 119. 119!
  • 121. Emergent Mobile Topics 1 Shapeshifting 2 A Brave NUI World 3 Comfortable Computing
  • 122. Mobile presents an opportunity to invent new ways for users to interact with information. 122!
  • 123. Thank you! Email: rachel.hinman@nokia.com Thanks, and next up…!
  • 124. Oh! By the way… I’m writing a book! Expected Publication: April 2011 ! ! !