curriculum

FACILITATION:
This program is intended to be facilitated by a 4-H Educator, experienced
volunteer leader, or a team consisting of both 4-H Educators and volunteer
leaders familiar with the local 4-H program.
TARGET AUDIENCE:
First-year 4-H members are the target audience. Facilitators are responsible
for ensuring a welcoming environment while incorporating the important ele-
ments of the 4-H program throughout the year.
OBJECTIVES:
The program intentionally provides outlined activities to ensure orientation to
diverse activities and opportunities within 4-H. Each monthly outline con-
tains references to Character Counts! activities, BIGM (Belonging, Inde-
pendence, Generosity, and Mastery), and includes Experiential Learning ac-
tivities.

Dear Program Facilitator,
You have accepted the challenge to encourage new 4-H members to continue
participating past the first year. Oftentimes, family members who join the or-
ganization have no prior experience and find such a diverse youth program to
be overwhelming. The intention of this program is to help you, as an educa-
tor and/or 4-H volunteer, to walk new members through the first year of 4-H
in a way that exposes them to the essential elements of positive youth devel-
opment using experiential learning methods. The following are a few tips that
may help you plan your activities throughout the year.
 Plan Ahead—Because some of the activities require advanced planning it
is beneficial to start planning each meeting at least one month prior to the
meeting date.
 Be Warm & Welcoming—Greet each family by name. If the family is
new, then meet them at the door and introduce yourself. Help them feel
welcome, and always make time to respond to their questions.
 Involve Parents—This is your opportunity to help families understand
that parent involvement is not only encouraged, but is a critical part of
youth success in 4-H. Hand out Parent Interest Surveys to new parents at
each meeting, collect the surveys, and then use the information they pro-
vide to help them identify suitable roles within the program.
 Practice Meeting Consistency—Each meeting should include the fol-
lowing elements, and they should be youth-driven whenever possible:
 American and 4-H Pledge
 Recreation Time
 Business Time
 News and information specific to the county 4-H program
 An opportunity to work on portfolios/record books
 Question and Answer time
 Additional Meetings—In order to complete all educational and commu-
nity service goals, as well as county commitments, it may be necessary to
meet more often, or for longer amounts of time than outlined. Remember
that all meetings should be youth-driven. Although this approach to meet-
ings often requires more time it is beneficial for youth because it allows
them to complete their work.

Experiential Learning Model
Issued in furtherance of extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Glen Whipple, director, University of Wyoming Extension, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071.
Persons seeking admission, employment, or access to programs of the University of Wyoming shall be considered without regard to
race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, age, political belief, veteran status, sexual orientation, and marital or familial
status. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication or program information (Braille, large print, au-
diotape, etc.) should contact their local UW Extension office. To file a complaint, write to the UW Employment Practices/Affirmative
Action Office, University of Wyoming, Department 3434, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071.
The “learn-by-doing” experiential learning model is a fundamental element of all 4-H programs and activities.
4-H provides an ideal venue where participants can complete hands-on activities, evaluate their work, and
learn from the process. Adult leaders are instrumental in ensuring that a proper amount of guidance is avail-
able, while providing youth the autonomy to experience projects and activities in their own way.

Essential Elements of Positive Youth Development
Positive Youth Development principles should be the foundation of all 4-H programs, activities, and policies
in order to provide youth with the tools they need to become resilient, contributing adults in their communities.
Adult leaders play a key role in ensuring that elements of positive youth development are considered in all
activities, meetings, and projects.

October
New Member Learning Objectives
 Introduce participants to each other and make them feel welcome
 Increase understanding of what 4-H is all about
 Explore personal goals in 4-H
 Introduce chartering and group goal setting
 Learn about Trustworthiness—Character Counts!
Activities for Early Arrivals
This will encourage participants to engage in activities from the moment they arrive
at the meeting.
Name Plates
You will need:
Markers, crayons, or colored pencils
Cardstock or construction paper
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Provide each participant a marker and piece of cardstock.
Instruct each participant to make a name plate that will be placed on the table in front of them at each
meeting.
2. Participants will fold the cardstock in half (it does not matter which direction), and then use the markers
provided to write their name in large letters on the folded cardstock. They may also decorate it if desired.
3. Participants will place their name plate in front of them on the table so that everyone can see their name.
4. Collect the name plates at the end of the meeting, and use them throughout the year.
Hint: Be sure to bring cardstock and markers to every meeting so new participants can make a name plate.
Meeting Overview
1. Activity for early
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. What is 4-H?
4. Goal Setting
5. Character Counts!

Baggage Claim
You will need:
Markers, crayons, or colored pencils
Cardstock or construction paper
How it works:
1. Pass out cardstock or construction paper along with markers or crayons and instruct participants to pack their
bags. Then instruct participants to draw their luggage on the cardstock.
2. Next, instruct participants to write five interesting facts about themselves in the luggage. Participants will share
these statements with others in the group at a later point.
3. After participants finish “packing” (writing) their luggage, then collect the luggage and place it in the “Baggage
Claim”. Participants will then go to the Baggage Claim area and pick up a piece of luggage created by another
participant.
4. Instruct participants to walk around the room, introduce themselves and shake hands with participants they meet.
Ask them to share the information in the luggage they selected to begin to understand the diverse interests of the
group After they share the information, instruct them to trade luggage with another participant and share the in-
formation in the luggage with the participant.
5. After 5 minutes instruct participants to return to their seats with the luggage they are holding. Each participant
will share what is in the luggage with the entire group, and participants will guess who it belongs to.
Ice Breaker Belonging
Start with an activity that introduces participants to one another,
while energizing the group.
Project Hunt
You will need:
Word Hunt from Exploring the Treasures of 4-H curriculum
Pencils
How it works:
1. Provide a copy of the word to each participant and instruct
them to find the projects that are listed on the Word Hunt.
2. Briefly discuss the projects they discovered at the begin-
ning of the meeting.
Remember BIGM!
Belonging—Is every member
greeted individually when they
arrive?
Independence—Do youth make
the decisions for the group?
Generosity—Are participants
involved in activities that foster
caring?
Mastery—Are new skills learned
and practiced at each meeting?
Character Counts! Corner
Check out the monthly 4-H Newsletter to see the
pillar of the month. This section includes suggested
activities, topics for discussion, and information that
explains what it means to be a person of good
character!

4-H Success Stories Generosity, Belonging
You will need:
Adults or teens who are willing to share their 4-H experiences.
How it works:
1. Invite successful teens or adults to share their positive 4-H experiences.
 They may discuss topics such as their projects, their favorite 4-H memories, and skills learned.
2. Ask participants to review the word search from the beginning of the meeting, and discuss projects that might
interest them. This is a good time to discuss projects that have active leaders and project meetings and those pro-
jects requiring more individual work. Discuss opportunities to showcase what is learned throughout the year (i.e.
County Fair, Presentation Contest, etc.)
3. First-year members should limit projects they participate in to a maximum of 3, with 1 or 2 being the ideal num-
ber for the first year. Explain the process for adding and dropping projects throughout the year.
What is 4-H?
Help new 4-H members and families understand what 4-H has to offer, and explain
expectations for them.
The 4 H’s—Explore on Your Own Mastery, Independence
Encourage 4-H members to do some exploring on their own prior to the next meeting. Ask them to learn what the 4
H’s in 4-H stand for, and think of some ways that they can experience all four H’s.
Goal Setting Independence
Discuss the importance of setting goals early in the year for personal and club success.
You will need:
Steps for Creating Goals for 4-H Rope
Paper
How it works:
1. Make a target on the floor using the rope. Be sure to include at least two circles.
2. Each team member will construct one paper airplane.
3. Explain that the inner portion of the target is 3 points and the outer is 1. Instruct team members to establish a
goal that describes the number of points they will earn by throwing their airplanes at the target during a one-
minute time frame. Each team will record their goal to refer back to.
4. Instruct the team to identify a scorekeeper (or parents may be scorekeepers). Start the time and instruct team
members to throw their airplanes at the target. After one minute, instruct each team to stop throwing their
airplanes.
5. Instruct each team to report on their performance based on the goals they established. Discuss what they learned
that would have influenced how their goals after completing the activity. If time allows have teams set a new
goal and do the activity again.
6. Wrap-up—Talk about SMART goals and provide them the handout. Ask how they can use this information in
their 4-H work, at school or in other aspects of their lives.

October Meeting Outline
I. Opening Activities (approx. 15 min.)
A. Name Plate & Project Search prior to the meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
II. Ice Breakers (approx. 30 min.)
A. Baggage Claim
B. Character Counts Activity
III. Club Activities (approx. 30 min.)
A. 4-H Success Stories
B. Goal Setting
IV. Business Meeting & Snacks (approx. 30 min.)
A. County and State Specific Information Sharing
B. Club Work Planning, Updates, and Discussion
V. Recreation (approx. 20 min.)
VI. Meeting Wrap-Up (approx. 10 min.)
A. Address Questions from the meeting
B. Address General 4-H Questions
C. Portfolio Update
C. Explore On Your Own
Hint: Handout or display something
with the 4-H Pledge on it; book-
marks, write it on a flipchart, or hang
a banner for example.
Hint: Prepare a recreational activity for
the first meeting. Ask for a volunteer to
provide and lead a recreation activity for
the next meeting.
Hint: Provide snacks for this meeting.
Bring a sign-up sheet for participants to
sign up to bring snacks for the remainder
of the year.
Experiential Learning Double Check
1. Did everyone participate in the activities?
2. Did you talk about what was done during
the activity?
3. Did you ask participants to think, discuss,
or write about how they can use what
they learned in the activities?
BIGM Double Check
 Belonging—Everyone was greeted individually
and by name when they arrived, and everyone
participated in the activities.
 Independence—Youth were encouraged to set
their own personal and club goals with little
input from adults, and given the freedom to
pursue those goals.
 Generosity—Youth were given the opportunity
to help one another, and to discuss service
learning opportunities.
 Mastery—Youth had the opportunity to learn,
practice, and share new skills based on their
individual interests.
Hint: Provide Portfolios for each mem-
ber and take a few minutes at the end of
every meeting to update them. Ask your
Extension Office for the best way to ob-
tain copies.

Step 1: Brainstorming
List some ideas of what you want to do with your 4-H project. These ideas can de-
scribe things you enjoy doing now, or things you have not yet done, but would like to
do. The ideas can also describe new things you would like to learn or accomplish.
Steps for Creating Goals for 4-H
Step 2: Expand your idea
Select an idea from above and expand on it:
1.) What do you specifically want to do?:
2.) How can you make it happen, or what can you do to prepare for it?:
3.) What will be the end results or what will you accomplish?:
Page 1

Step 3: Describe your Goal Statement
Based on your ideas above, describe your project goals. Include all elements of S.M.A.R.T.
goals (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, timely).
Step 4: Double Check
Ask yourself the following questions to make sure you wrote a S.M.A.R.T. Goal.
YES NO
Is my goal SPECIFIC?
Is my goal MEASURABLE?
Is my goal ATTAINABLE?
Is my goal REALISTIC?
Can I achieve my goal
in a TIMELY manner?
Is my goal SMART?
Last Step!
Select another idea from the first page and describe another goal
based on that idea.
Page 2

November
 Introduce the Wyoming Club Chartering System
 Understand and discuss educational opportunities in 4-H
 Understand and discuss service learning opportunities in 4-H
 Set Educational and Service Learning club goals for the year
 Learn about Trustworthiness—Character Counts!
at the meeting.
Follow the Path to 4-H
You will need:
Copies of Follow the Path to 4-H from Exploring the Treasures of 4-H
2-3 Copies of Exploring the Treasures of 4-H curriculum
Pencils
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Provide a copy of the handout for each participant. Instruct
them to complete the activity by working in groups and sharing Exploring the Treasurers of 4-H book.
2. Briefly discuss the activity at the beginning of the meeting.
Meeting Overview
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. What is a club
charter?
4. Goal Setting
Start with an activity that introduces participants to one another, while energizing the group.
Road Signs
You will need:
Pictures of Road Signs—one road sign per participant
How it works:
1. Hand out one road sign per participant. Instruct them to think about how their road sign may help or
hinder progress in reaching their goals in 4-H, school, at home, or elsewhere.
2. Instruct each participant tell their name and explain their road sign to the group.

Discussion
You will need:
The Club Yearly Book—obtain from Extension Office
How it works:
1. Show participants the Club Yearly Book containing information for club chartering and charter renewal.
2. Discuss the elements on the sheet:
A. Volunteer & Youth Involvement in Council/Committees
1. Discuss the function of the 4-H Council and county committees. Explain that each club can have
committees as well. Explain what a committee is and the purpose for having committees.
B. Youth Officers
1. Define what officers are and the purpose of having
them. Refer to Club Officers section of the Volun-
teer Tote. Explain that the club will have the op-
portunity to decide if they want officers. They will
also decide terms of office.
C. Club Meetings
1. Explain that the club will work together to decide
on meeting times, places, etc.
D. Club Goals
1. Explain that it will be up to the club to decide on
Educational Goals and Service Learning goals for
the club this year. The next activities will facilitate
the discussion, and assist the club in deciding on
three goals for each section.
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?
character!
What is Club Chartering? Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
New 4-H members and families will understand the importance of being a chartered 4-H club.

4-H Success Stories
You will need:
Adults or teens willing to share their 4-H experiences.
How it works:
1. Invite successful club leaders, project leaders and active junior leaders to share their favorite and most successful
educational activities done in club settings. They should focus on club oriented success rather than individual
successes.
*This may include project activities, club presentations, field trips, camps, and much more!
2. Tell participants to be thinking about things they would like to learn about with their club. The opportunities are
endless! Tell participants to take notes so they can share at a later point in the meeting.
Educational Opportunities Mastery
Explore the many educational opportunities that make up the 4-H program
Reflection Questions
1. What are some educational opportunities you learned about?
2. Can you think of other educational opportunities? What are they?
3. What is service learning?
4. Can you think of needs in your community? What are they?
Service Learning Opportunities Generosity
Youth are introduced to service learning and its importance. They will consider needs that are seen in their
communities before setting goals for the year.
Get the Scoop
You will need:
Adults or teens to willing to share their 4-H experiences
Paper and pencils
How it works:
1. Ask successful adults and teens if they would be willing to be interviewed by first-year 4-H members about their
service learning or community service experiences.
2. Divide first-year 4-H club participants into groups of 3-5 participants. Instruct them to interview a club leader or
junior leader about service learning. Instruct the group to come up with three questions that they would like to ask.
* Younger participants may need help coming up with interview questions, especially if service learning or
community service is new to them.
3. Assign one club leader or junior leader to each group to be interviewed. Allow 5-10 minutes for interviews.
4. Following the interviews, have the group report back to the rest of the club on their findings.

Getting Started
You will need:
Flip Chart Markers Sticky Notes Colored Sticky Dots (3 colors)
What to do:
1. Explain that there are many methods groups can use to make decisions. One common way is Parliamentary Pro-
cedure. This is where a presiding officer runs the meeting, ensures that everyone gets a chance to voice their
thoughts and opinions, and the majority rules. This is the most common method in many 4-H meetings, but not
the method we will use today.
2. Review SMART Goals from the October meeting. Discuss the process to remind participants of how to set good
goals for the club.
Club Educational Goals
1. Brainstorming—Provide multiple sticky notes to each member. Instruct them to write down one thing they
would like to learn on each sticky note. Once all of their ideas are on sticky notes, instruct them to stick the notes
to a flip chart labeled “Educational Goals”.
2. Group like items together into categories and write these categories on a new flip chart paper. As you are group-
ing items, allow participants to elaborate or clarify the ideas.
3. Provide each participant one set of color dots (each participant will have three dots, one of each color). Assign
points to each color (i.e. blue =3, green=2, and red=1) Explain that they will be voting on their top three choices on
the flip chart by sticking their dots next to their favorite ideas. The ideas with the most points will come to the top of
the list. Be sure they understand that 3 points=favorite idea and 1 point=least favorite idea.
4. Once the three top choices are made, discuss how these goals will be accomplished, the timeline needed to ac-
complish them, and resources needed. Consider creating committees around the choices made in order to organize
the activities.
Club Service Learning Goals
Repeat the process above for Educational Goals in order to come up with the three top choices for service learning
projects.
Club Meetings
Participants will be involved in deciding meeting dates and times. It is generally best to pick one day each month
and stick with it. However, some groups prefer to meet on a variety of days. In either instance, it is important to get
all meeting dates for the remainder of the year scheduled at this time.
1. Make a sign for each day of the week. Hang the signs on the walls around the room. Instruct participants and
families to stand next to the sign that has the day of the week preferred for meetings. Count the number under
each sign.
2. Take away the three least popular days and ask the group to move again to their preferred day. Look at the two
or three most popular days at this point and facilitate a discussion about which day to have meetings. Make sure
to focus only on the top two or three days.
Club Charter Application Mastery, Independence
The club will work together to complete the Club Charter Form.

November Meeting Outline
A. Follow the Path to 4-H prior to meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
A. Road Sign Activity
A. Club Chartering Introduction
1. Educational Opportunities
2. Service Learning Opportunities
A. Club Charter Application
B. County/State Activities & Information
C. Portfolio Update
Hint: Have something with the 4-H
Pledge written on it to help. Handout
bookmarks, write it on a flipchart, or
hang a banner for example.
the activity?
every meeting to update them.
Hint: It is beneficial to have families sign
up to attend monthly 4-H Council meetings
in order to stay more up-to-date with county
activities. Ask the attending family to report
to the club at this time. This is also a good
introduction to 4-H Council meetings for
participants.
Hint: Ask for a volunteer to provide and
lead a recreation activity for the next
meeting.
BIGM Double Check
pursue those goals.

December
 Learn the role of fundraising in the 4-H Program
 Discuss funding needs to complete club educational and service learn-
ing goals
 Determine how to meet funding needs identified.
 Learn about Respect—Character Counts!
at the meeting.
Assess Myself!
You will need:
Copies of Assess Myself! Handout from Step Up to Leadership grades 3-5
Pencils
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Provide a copy of the handout for each participant, and in-
struct them to fill it out while they wait.
2. Briefly discuss discoveries made in the activity prior to beginning the meeting.
Meeting Overview
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. Club Work
4. Fundraising
Start with an activity that introduces participants to one another, while energizing the
group.
Magic Carpet
You will need:
Tarp, Sheet, or Shower curtain approximately 6’x6’
How it works:
1. Divide participants into groups of about 8 participants. Provide each group a tarp. Instruct them to lay it out
on the floor. Everyone should then stand on the tarp with both feet.
2. Groups will work together to flip the tarp from one side to the other without touching the floor at any time.

Fundraising Scenarios
You will need:
Scenario Handout for each group
Pens
How it works:
1. Divide participants into groups of about 5, giving each group a scenario to discuss.
2. Give 5-10 minutes to complete their discussion and answer the questions.
3. Report back to the group.
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?
character!
What is Fundraising? Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
New 4-H members and families will begin to understand how fundraising fits into the 4-H program, and how to accomplish
fundraising goals
Reflection Questions
1. What did you learn about fundraising?
2. What kinds of things should be considered when de-
ciding to do a fundraiser?
3. How can you use what you have learned?

December Meeting Outline
A. Assess Myself! prior to meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
A. Magic Carpet Activity
A. Fundraising Scenarios
A. Club Work
1. Discuss funding needed for educational & service-learning goals
C. Portfolio Update
the activity?
Hint: Give participants as much time as
needed to work on club goals, do committee
work, and discuss and decide on fundraisers to
pursue.
meeting.
BIGM Double Check
pursue those goals.

Fundraising Scenarios
Scenario #1
Your 4-H Club has decided to take a recreational trip to Water World in Denver. There are 20 members in the
club. What kinds of things will you need to do for this trip?
How much will all of those things cost?
Where will the money come from for this trip?
Will members have to pay some?
How much will the club pay for?
What ideas do you have to help raise money for the trip?
Scenario #2
Your club has decided that it would be a great community service project to cook dinner for the senior center,
but the club soon realizes that this is going to cost some money. What kinds of things do you need to consider
to do a good job?
Where will the money come from to do this project?
Scenario #3
Your club has set a goal to take a trip to state fair to see what it is all about. What kinds of expenses will you
need to consider for this trip?
Where will the money come from to do this project?

January
 Learn the steps needed to put goals into action
 Create a plan of activities to complete educational goals, service learn-
ing goals, and fundraising goals.
 Understand team work and group accountability
 Learn about Respect—Character Counts!
at the meeting.
What is Your Club Like?
You will need:
Copies of What is Your Club Like Handout from Volunteer Tote
Copies of Vibrant Clubs Score Sheet from Volunteer Tote
Pencils
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Provide a copy of the handout for each participant, and in-
struct them to fill it out while they wait.
Meeting Overview
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. Club Work
4. Group Planning
group.
Human Spider Web
How it works:
1. Break into groups of 6-8 participants. Instruct groups to stand in circles. Instruct participants to reach
across the circle with their left hand and clasp the left hand of another participant (they should not have a
hand of the participant next to them). Then do the same thing with their right hands.
2. Tell them that they are now in a spider web and must untangle it so that they are once again standing in a
circle. They must always hold hands. The first team to complete the task will win.
3. Repeat if there is time. Change groups if desired.

Mapping Our Plan
You will need:
Flip Chart Paper Markers
Sticky Notes Tape
How it works:
1. Divide participants into groups so that there is one group per goal. If you have established committees, they may
want to work in committee groups for this activity.
2. On the large paper draw a large circle in the middle and write the goal for that group inside of the circle. Provide
the group a different color marker and instruct them to draw several smaller circles around the outside of the lar-
ger one. In each of these circles, write one step that needs to be
done to complete the goal.
3. Write what needs to be done or acquired for each step in the small
circles on a sticky note. Place the sticky notes next to the circle for
that step.
4. When all of the steps are listed, put them in order from what needs
to be done first to last by numbering each of the color circles.
5. Transfer these steps into an Action Plan Sheet. Include who is as-
signed each task, and the deadline that it should be done by.
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?
character!
How do we get it all done? Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
The club will begin to put plans into actions in order to accomplish all of the goals set for the year.
Hint: Activities such as this are a great opportunity
to get parents involved. Help them to understand
that their role in the activity should be to ask ques-
tions and assist participants to work through the
process. They should not do the work for the par-
ticipants. It may be helpful to separate parents from
their own children

Duct Tape Madness
You will need:
Four Duct Tape Rings about 18” in diameter Individually Wrapped Candy
How it works:
1. Place the four rings on the floor with a center ring full of candy. The other three rings should be placed equal
distance from each other and the center ring.
2. Divide participants into three groups and instruct each group to stand by one of the empty rings. Give the follow-
ing instructions:
A. Your objective is to get all of the candy into your ring.
B. You must get all of the candy from the center ring before you can get candy from another groups ring.
C. You can only carry one piece at a time, and candy cannot be thrown, rolled, etc. It must be carried.
D. You may not guard any of the containers.
E. You win when all of the candy is in your ring.
3. Ask if everyone understands the rules, but do not give teams a lot of time to make a plan. Say, “Ready, Set,
Go!”
4. Teams will begin to realize that this is nearly impossible if they are all competing for the same thing. After sev-
eral minutes of play, and when they begin to realize the task seems impossible, stop the game and let the teams
think about possible solutions. Play some more.
5. To complete this task groups will need to think cooperatively instead of competitively. They will need to get all
candy into one loop, and then stack all three loops one on top of the other. Everyone wins!

January Meeting Outline
A. What is My Club Like? prior to meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
A. Spider Web Activity
A. Mapping Our Plan
B. Duct Tape Madness
A. Club Work
1. Discuss funding needed for educational & service-learning goals
C. Portfolio Update
the activity?
Hint: For this meeting Club Activities and
Business Meeting agenda items may go to-
gether as one agenda item.
meeting.
BIGM Double Check
pursue those goals.

February
 Learn the opportunities that joining a 4-H club can provide
 Understand that different clubs offer different experiences and the im-
portance of picking a club that meets individual needs
 Begin deciding which clubs may be of interest for individuals to join
in future years.
 Learn about Responsibility—Character Counts!
at the meeting.
What Do You Think?
You will need:
Copies of What Do You Think Handout Pencils
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Provide a handout for each participant and instruct them to
fill it out while they wait.
2. This activity is based on the pillars of character, and may stimulate a lot of discussion. Be sure to spend a
little extra time discussing why participants feel the way they do about the questions.
Meeting Overview
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. Club Work
4. Club Showcase
group.
Making Friends
You will need:
1 note card for each participant Pencils Markers Flip Chart
How it works:
1. Provide each participant one note card and a pencil. Instruct them to pair off.
2. Instruct participants to write down a list of words that describes what they look for in a friend.

Discovering 4-H Clubs
You will need:
Club leaders and junior leaders willing to share information
about their clubs.
How it works:
1. Invite leaders and/or junior leaders from at least 5 different clubs.
Ask them to give a 5 minute presentation highlighting some of the
main projects and activities or main focuses of the club.
2. Following all presentations, ask club leaders and junior leaders to
participate in a panel discussion in which first-year members and
parents can ask questions of them.
character!
Club Exploration Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
Members will be introduced to a few of the club leaders and learn about the
importance of finding a club that fits their needs.
3. Each pair will compare words, circling the words that they have in common. One participant should then
write the circled words on the flip chart.
4. When all the words are listed, count the number of repeats and write the number next to the word.
5. Discuss why those words appeared often and the importance of the other words listed.
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?
Reflection
1. Why are some words so common?
2. Why is it important to look for these things in friends?
3. Do you have these traits with your friends?
4. How will this help you to be a better friend?

February Meeting Outline
A. What Do You Think? prior to meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
A. Making Friends
A. Club Exploration
A. Club Work
1. Brief updates on committee work
C. Portfolio Update
the activity?
Hint: Remind participants that for the follow-
ing 4-H year they will need to join another 4-H
Club or start a new club. This is a good oppor-
tunity to learn about some of their choices.
Hint: A lot of time will be taken this
month in Club Exploration leaving less
time for club work, unless everyone is
prepared to stay longer than previous
meetings.
meeting.
BIGM Double Check
pursue those goals.

What Do You Think?
The following questions are about your attitudes and opinions on certain things. Please circle the answer that
best reflects how you feel about each given statement.
In today’s world, people often have to lie or cheat to succeed.
Strongly Disagree Disagree Unsure Agree Strongly Agree
It’s okay to do whatever it takes to succeed as long as you don’t hurt other people.
Sometimes it’s okay to respond to an insult with physical force.
It is okay to lie or cheat if it’s to avoid unfair consequences.
There is no moral responsibility to help other people.
If I see something I think is wrong, I have a responsibility to try to do something about it.
It’s okay to lie on an application if it means getting a good job.
It’s okay to use people to get something important as long as they aren’t really hurt by it.
People who cheat are more likely to succeed.
People should do the right thing even if it’s not in their best interest.
I believe honesty is the best policy.
My parents set a high example of honesty, integrity, and ethics.

March
 Understand some of the 4-H projects in greater detail
 Make connections with other 4-H members and project leaders that
share interests
 Begin thinking about possible ways to experience projects of interest
 Learn about Responsibility—Character Counts!
at the meeting.
About Me
You will need:
Copies of About Me handout Pencils
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Provide each participant a copy of the handout and instruct
them to fill it out while they wait.
Meeting Overview
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. Club Work
4. Project Fair
group.
All My Neighbors
You will need:
Masking Tape
How it works:
1. Instruct participants to stand in a circle with arms outstretched so that fingertips nearly touch. Provide each
participant a two inch piece of tape and instruct them to stick it to the floor in front of them. This repre-
sents one place in the circle.
2. Stand in the middle of the circle and explain the following:

Project Mini Fair
You will need:
* Experienced 4-H members and project leaders willing to
demonstrate and share their experiences in 4-H projects
* List of project meetings and/or project leaders
How it works:
1. Invite 4-H members and project leaders from up to 10 different
projects. Ask them to provide an overview of the project. If pos-
sible a hands-on experience for the project is recommended. Give
ten minutes for each presentation.
2. Encourage first-year members to ask questions to learn more
about each project.
3. Provide a list of scheduled project meetings and/or project lead-
ers for all county-based project activities.
character!
Project Fair Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
Members will be introduced to a few of the project leaders and learn about the importance of attending project meetings.
A. The participant in the center of the circle shares a true statement about his or her self by saying “All
my neighbors that…”. Anyone that shares this truth must change to a new place in the circle. The
participant in the middle attempts to find a place within the circle. One participant will be left in the
middle and it is then their turn to share a truth.
Example: The participant in the middle says, “All my neighbors who’s favorite color is blue.” Anyone who’s
favorite color is blue must move to a new place in the circle. The participant in the middle will try to find an
empty place in the circle. One participant will be left in the middle and the process starts over.
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?

March Meeting Outline
A. About Me prior to meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
A. All My Neighbors
A. Project Mini Fair
A. Club Work
C. Portfolio Update
the activity?
Hint: A lot of time will be taken this
month in the Project Mini Fair leaving
less time for club work, unless everyone
is prepared to stay a little longer than
previous meetings.
meeting.
BIGM Double Check
pursue those goals.

About Me
Fill in the blank for each sentence.
I am most talented when I am:
I am most likely to succeed when I am:
I am most versatile when I am:
I am best looking when I am:
I am class clown when I am:
I am best dressed when I am:
I am the best dancer when I am:
I am most friendly when I am:
I like myself best when I am:

April
 Understand the Wyoming 4-H Achievement Program
 Recognize individual efforts on progress toward self-set goals
 Recognize club efforts on progress toward club goals
 Learn about Fairness—Character Counts!
at the meeting.
Learning Styles
You will need:
Copies of Learning Styles Inventory Handout
Copies of Learning Styles Inventory Answer Sheet Pencils
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Provide a handout for each participant and instruct them to
fill it out while they wait.
Meeting Overview
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. Club Work
4. 4-H Recognition
group.
Toilet Paper Shortage
You will need:
2 rolls of Toilet Paper
How it works:
1. Tell participants that they are going on a camping trip for the weekend, and this is all of the toilet paper
available. Instruct each participant to tear off as much as they think they will need for the weekend.
2. After everyone has their toilet paper, instruct participants that they will tell the group one thing about him
or her self for each square of toilet paper taken.

Individual Recognition
You will need:
Member’s Individual Goals
Award Items (i.e. The Dollar Store, 4-H Mall, or other inexpensive items)
How it works:
1. Participants work in pairs and share their personal 4-H goals for
the year. They will also share what has been done to reach those
goals. Instruct other leaders or parents to work with each pair
(try to separate parents from their own children). Adults will ask
participants questions to assist youth in talking about what they
have done or are planning to do in their project.
2. Instruct participants to report back to the entire group as to the
progress made toward reaching goals.
3. Provide a small award item to all those that have done work to-
ward reaching their goals. Those that have a plan in place to
reach their goals can be awarded as well. Awards should be a
small token gesture that is inexpensive.
Club Recognition
You will need:
Club Goals Flip Chart
Club Reward Markers
How it works:
1. Review the club educational goals, service-learning goals, and
fundraising goals from the Club Charter.
2. Divide participants into three groups, and assign educational goals to one group, service-learning goals to an-
other group, and fundraising goals to the third group. Provide each group a piece of flip chart paper and markers.
Instruct groups to discuss what the club has done to meet these goals. They will then report back to the group.
3. Reward the group for their efforts in progressing toward this goal (i.e. a club pizza party).
character!
What Have We Accomplished? Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
Members will reflect individually and as a group to gain perspective on what they have accomplished so far this year in 4-H.
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?

The Wyoming 4-H Achievement Program is used to recognize the work that 4-H members do throughout the
year in 4-H. Members are recognized as either a Member in Good Standing, Silver Member, or Gold Member
each year. This status is determined by looking at the level of participation as documented in the portfolio each
year. The following is a detailed explanation of how the program works, including how to become a member
of the Wyoming Honors Club. Share this information with participants so they have ample time to work to-
ward the level they are most interested in achieving. Invite Wyoming Honors Club Members to the meeting to
talk to participants about their 4-H experiences.
Annual 4-H Recognition
Membership Recognition
 Member has turned in all required enrollment materials
 Member has behaved in an appropriate manner at all 4-H activities, events, and meetings
 Member is enrolled in at least one project
 Member is enrolled in at least one club or has approval of County 4-H Educator
Silver Member Recognition
 Member meets Membership Recognition criteria outlined above
 Member has exhibited what he/she has learned at some point in the current 4-H year
 Member provides documentation of setting goals, knowledge/skills gained, and participation in project.
Gold Member Recognition
 Member meets Membership Recognition criteria outlined above
 Member has exhibited what he/she learned at some point in the current 4-H year
 Member provides documentation of participation in all essential elements of positive youth development:
setting goals, knowledge/skills gained, recognition, leadership, community service, and participation
Honors Club
The ultimate achievement a 4-H member can obtain is induction into the Wyoming 4-H Honors Club achieved
by receiving nineteen (19) points over the course of the member's involvement. A member receives three (3)
points for years that Gold Recognition is achieved and one (1) point for each year Silver Recognition is
achieved. Points are evaluated and recorded through the local County 4-H Program.
Wyoming 4-H Achievement Program Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
Members will be introduced to the Wyoming Recognition system.
Hint: Most county programs have a rec-
ognition program at the end of the year,
It is advised that clubs take time to rec-
ognize club member efforts and contri-
butions as well.

April Meeting Outline
A. Learning Styles prior to meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
A. Toilet Paper Shortage
III. Club Activities (approx. 30min.)
A. What Have We Accomplished?
B. Wyoming 4-H Achievement Program
A. Club Work
C. Portfolio Update
the activity?
meeting.
BIGM Double Check
pursue those goals.

May
 Understand the importance of learning to speak in public
 Practice organizing and delivering a short speech
 Explore real-life situations in which public speaking skills are impor-
tant and necessary
 Learn about Fairness—Character Counts!
at the meeting.
What’s your favorite?
You will need:
Paper and pencils may be helpful but not required
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Instruct participants to interview as many participants in the
room as possible before the meeting begins. Participants will introduce him/herself to the participant they
will interview, and then ask what their favorite part of 4-H is. If they interview a first-time attendee ask
what they are looking forward to most.
Meeting Overview
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. Club Work
4. Public Speaking
group.
Name Your Peanut
You will need:
Peanuts in shells (one for each participant)
How it works:
1. Provide each participant a peanut that they will introduce to the group. The peanut should have a name and
an interesting story the participant will share with the group. Participants will have 2 minutes to introduce
the peanut.
2. Give participants about 3-5 minutes to come up with a name and a story. Instruct participants to stand and
introduce themselves and their peanuts.

One Minute Magic
You will need:
Video of any strong speech (e.g. Martin Luther King Jr.)
Icon Cards
Paper, Markers, and Tape
How it works:
1. Watch the video, then divide into groups of three to five partici-
pants.
2. Groups will take 5 minutes to discuss and record what the
speaker did at the very beginning of the speech, and then the flow
of the entire speech. Each group will briefly share what they dis-
cussed. Ask what would happen if the speaker had mixed up the
order of the speech?
3. Ask four volunteers to hold the Icon Cards at the front of the
room in any order. The rest of the participants will rearrange the
Icon Cards until they believe the cards are in the correct order for
a speech. Keep trying until it is correct, then post the Icon Cards
in order on the wall.
4. Each member will have a chance to write and give a short speech with one main point that they would like to
deliver. The speech should include all parts as illustrated on the Icon Cards. Speeches should be no more than 90
seconds.
5. Participants will deliver their speech to a partner. The partner should help edit the speech so that all elements are
included and the point is made within 90 seconds while speaking at a normal rate of speed. Make sure each part-
ner gets a turn!
6. Follow-up the activity with questions for the whole group such as:
How easy or difficult was it to share your message in 90 seconds or less?
How did having a partner help you improve your speech?
How would it feel to deliver a speech without using all the parts of a speech?
How would the audience feel if one of the parts of the speech were missing?
character!
Speak All About It Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
Members will be introduced to public speaking and begin to understand real-life applications and the importance of public
speaking skills.
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?

May Meeting Outline
A. What’s Your Favorite? prior to meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
A. Name Your Peanut
A. Speak All About It!
A. Club Work
C. Portfolio Update
the activity?
Hint: Add to One Minute Magic by ask-
ing youth to think about why public
speaking is important, and when these
skills will be used in life. Challenge par-
ticipants to make a public presentation
that will be a positive influence on peo-
ple.
meeting.
BIGM Double Check
pursue those goals.

June
 Understand the purpose of parliamentary procedure
 Learn basic parliamentary procedure rules
 Practice using parliamentary procedure in group decision-making
process
 Learn about Caring—Character Counts!
at the meeting.
Treasure Hunt
You will need:
Treasure Hunt Handout Pencils
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Provide each participant a handout and explain that they will
go around the room and talk to as many participants as possible. They should write down one thing that
they have in common and one thing that is completely opposite from them.
Meeting Overview
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. Club Work
4. Parliamentary
Procedure
group.
Creative Cookies
You will need:
Sugar Cookies (2 per participant) Spreading Knife Plastic Wrap
Decorating supplies such as different colors of frosting, sprinkles, candy, etc.
How it works:
1. Each member gets two cookies. The first one will be decorated to represent how the participant is feeling.
The second one is for eating at any time.
2. After participants decorate their cookie, take turns explaining the feelings that the cookie represents for
each individual.

Before getting started, explain that parliamentary procedure is only
one way that groups can make decisions. The purpose is to make
sure that everyone has an equal chance to voice their opinions, and
that the majority of the group makes the decision. Ask, “What are
some of the ways our club has made decisions together this year?”
Match It Up!
You will need:
Parliamentary Procedure terms and definitions cards
How it works:
1. Provide cards with parliamentary procedure terms and definitions
to each participant. Instruct participants to walk around the room
matching the terms with the definitions. Once they think they
have a match, they should stay with their partner and go to the
front of the room.
2. Discuss each term and definition in greater detail to help partici-
pants understand the meanings.
Trail Mix
You will need:
A variety of trail mix ingredients such as granola, nuts, raisins, candy, etc. Be sure to get a few items that
would not make a lot of sense in trail mix, or items that might cause debate.
How it works:
1. Instruct the group to use parliamentary procedure to make
trail mix for the group. Participants will use what they have
learned to decide what should and should not go into the trail
mix.
character!
Parliamentary Procedure Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
Members will be introduced to parliamentary procedure purpose and rules, and will practice new skills.
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?
Hint: This is a good opportunity to ask an
experienced youth officer from another
club to come be the “president” for the day.
Take as much time as is needed for partici-
pants to understand the process of making
decisions as a group in this way.

June Meeting Outline
A. Treasure Hunt prior to meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
A. Creative Cookies
A. Parliamentary Procedure
A. Club Work
C. Portfolio Update
the activity?
Hint: It’s about fair time! Make sure to
spend extra time helping everyone feel
prepared for fair activities.
meeting.
BIGM Double Check
pursue those goals.

Treasure Hunt
Instructions: Circulate around the room finding one trait you have in common (e.g.
“newcomer to city”) and one item quite dissimilar (e.g. “has worked for same organization
over ten years” vs. “third job this year”) for as many other participants as you can.
Name Alike Different
1. _______________ _________________ ___________________
2. _______________ _________________ ___________________
3. _______________ _________________ ___________________
4. _______________ _________________ ___________________
5. _______________ _________________ ___________________
6. _______________ _________________ ___________________
7. _______________ _________________ ___________________
8. _______________ _________________ ___________________
9. _______________ _________________ ___________________
10. _______________ _________________ ___________________

Main Motion Amendment
Adjourn Refer to Committee
Previous Question Point of Order
Withdraw a Motion Division of the House
Suspend the Rules Question of Privilege

Definition: a motion that brings new
business before the club. Definition: to change the wording of a
motion.
Definition: To end the meeting.
Definition: to organize a committee to
look further into a motion.
Definition: To stop debate and order an
immediate vote on a motion.
Definition: a question of parliamentary
procedure stating that a rule is being bro-
ken, asking the chair to enforce the rule.
Definition: a motion which has been
made by a member, may be withdrawn
only by the member who made the mo-
tion.
Definition: Can be called when you feel
the verbal vote is too close to call, if
passed requires the members to vote a
different way.
Definition: To change the rules tempo-
rarily.
Definition: question asked that relates to
the rights or benefits of the group, more
important than all other motions, except
adjourn and relates to the comfort of the
members.

The House The Chair
Majority Quorum
Ex-officio
Definition: members of a club, group or
organization
Definition: the presiding officer of a
meeting.
Definition: more than half of the vote
cast.
Definition: the number of members
needed to conduct business.
Definition: A non-voting member.
Example, parents at a 4-H meeting.

July
 Recognize opportunities in 4-H outside of the county program
 Introduce National and International 4-H opportunities
 Learn about Caring—Character Counts!
at the meeting.
What’s Your GPA
You will need:
My Report Card Handout Pencils
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Provide each participant a handout and explain that they will
fill out the report card based on the grade they believe they should get in each area (A, B, C, D, F).
Meeting Overview
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. Club Work
4. 4-H Opportunities
group.
Glory Story
You will need:
Paper and Pencils
How it works:
1. Divide into groups of about 6. Instruct groups to gather so that they are some distance from other groups.
Assign each group a different group across the room. Participants will stay with their original group of 6,
but will be writing a story about the assigned group from across the room. Instruct each group to write
down the names of all the participants in the group they have been assigned.
2. Each group will write a story about the group assigned to them. The story must use all members of the as-
signed group. Use positive attributes of the assigned group members to develop a story to share with every-
one.

What’s Out There?
You will need:
State and National Events & Activities Handout—Obtain from
Extension Office for most current events and activities
How it works:
1. Invite present or past 4-H members who have participated in 4-H
opportunities outside of the county to share their experiences. En-
courage them to bring pictures and stories from their trips.
2. Instruct participants to think about what types of experiences they
may be interested in as they go through their 4-H career. Discuss
what kinds of things they need to consider to achieve these goals.
character!
4-H Opportunities Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
Members will be begin to understand the many opportunities in 4-H that exist outside of the county program.
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?
Remember that everyone’s first fair
is coming up very soon! This would
be a great meeting to check-in with
everyone to see how they are
feeling, and if there are things that
they need help with.

July Meeting Outline
A. What’s Your GPA prior to meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
A. Glory Story
A. What’s Out There?
A. Club Work
C. Portfolio Update
the activity?
meeting.
BIGM Double Check
pursue those goals.

My Report Card
Instructions: Give yourself a grade of A, B, C, D, or F in each area based on what you think
about yourself in each area.
Listening to others _____
Comments:
Sharing with others _____
Comments:
My manners _____
Comments:
Following directions _____
Comments:
Anger management _____
Comments:
Stating my feelings clearly _____
Comments:
Helping Others _____
Comments:
Accepting help from others _____
Comments:

August
 Feel supported in activities throughout the year
 Complete experiential learning process for projects
 Closure in this group in preparation for moving to a new club
 Learn about Citizenship
at the meeting.
What’s Best?
How it works:
1. Greet each participant as they enter the room. Ask each participant to talk to others as they arrive and ask-
them what they like best about fair.
Meeting Overview
arrivals
2. Ice Breaker
3. Club Work
4. Moving On
group.
Bubble Brigade
You will need:
Bowl (1 per group) Liquid Soap or Dish Soap Water Drinking Straws Yarn
How it works:
1. Divide into groups of 4 or 5. Each group will get a set of materials. Instruct participants to work in their
group to make bubbles that float in the air using the materials provided. Challenge groups to see which
group can make the biggest bubble.
2. Give the groups about 10 minutes to work, and then discuss the following with everyone:
Was this task frustrating for anyone in the group? Why or why not?
How did the group come up with a solution?
Was it necessary to work with others to accomplish this task? Why or why not?
How do you feel about your contribution to your group?

Time to Share
How it works:
1. Instruct participants to write their 4-H story for the year. Include
what they liked best, things they would do or not do again, pro-
jects they completed, how they did at fair, and things that they
learned from 4-H. They can also include any plans or ideas that
they have for the coming year.
2. Each member will have an opportunity to read their 4-H story to
the group, but it is not required. Provide a reward for everyone
that reads their story (i.e. candy bar or sticker).
3. Invite club donors or supporters to come hear about everything
that was done throughout the year.
4. Congratulate and clap for all of the participants as they complete
their stories.
Thank You!!
What you will need:
Either pre-made thank you cards or supplies to make them
Flip chart and Marker
How it works:
1. Instruct participants to think of all the people that have assisted them individually or as a club in the past year.
List these people on the flip chart.
2. Ask for volunteers to write thank you cards for each participant on the chart. Write the volunteer’s name next to
the name on the flip chart. After the cards are written, pass them around so everyone can sign them.
3. Participants may want to hand-deliver some thank yous, and others may need to be mailed.
character!
Moving On Belonging, Independence,
Generosity, Mastery
Members will feel supported and encouraged in their projects as they complete the experiential learning process.
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?

August Meeting Outline
A. What’s Best? prior to meeting
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
A. Bubble Brigade
A. Moving On
A. Club Work
C. Portfolio Update
the activity?
meeting.
BIGM Double Check
pursue those goals.

September
 Enjoy a fun celebration of a great year in 4-H!
 Bring closure to the year
 Discuss future 4-H plans
It’s Party Time!
Members celebrate the success and friendships they have had throughout the year.
This is a time for fun and reflection from the past year’s events. Limited structured activities are needed, but
having many opportunities available would be one way get everyone engaged. Provide games, Frisbees, etc.
Another suggestion is to ask participants at the August meeting what they would like to do for a fun wrap-up
in September. Food is always welcome! A potluck is a great way to get everyone involved.
Traditions such as pledges are still encouraged, after all this is also a 4-H event! Ensure that everyone feels a
sense of camaraderie and enjoys reflecting over the year’s activities. This is an excellent opportunity to dis-
cuss future 4-H plans, such as which clubs participants will be joining. Instruct each member and parent com-
plete the year-end evaluation. Collect the completed evaluations and turn them into the Extension Office.
Meeting Overview
1. It’s Party Time!
2. Evaluation
Remember BIGM!
arrive?
caring?
September Meeting Outline
B. American Pledge
C. 4-H Pledge
III. Club Activities
A. Fun
B. Food
IV. Business Meeting & Snacks
A. County/State Activities & Information
B. Evaluation
V. Recreation

Resource List
Diem, K. (2001). New Jersey 4-H Leader Training Series. Rutgers Cooperative Extension New Jersey Agri-
cultural Experiment Station.
Exploring the treasures of 4-H. National 4-H Cooperative Curriculum System, Inc.
Heads-on, Hands-on: The power of experiential learning. National 4-H Cooperative Curriculum System, Inc.
Heck, T. (2009). Duct tape team building games. Asheville, NC: Live Coach, Inc.
http://charactercounts.org
http://www.uwyo.edu/4-h/volunteers/leader-totes/index.html
http://wyomingextension.org/johnson4h
Jones, A. (1998). 104 Activities that build. Richland, WA: Rec Room Publishing, Inc.
Scannell, E. and Newstrom, J. (1998). The big book of presentation games. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Step up to leadership for grades 3-5. National 4-H Cooperative Curriculum System, Inc.
Step up to leadership for grades 6-8. National 4-H Cooperative Curriculum Systems, Inc.
West, E. (1999), The big book of icebreakers. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Wyoming Youth Leadership Education: Six pillars of leadership.

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