essential plant nutrient ,its classification, different form of nutrients some more about the nutrient ,plant nutrient ,essential plant nutrient and its introduction and detailed about the potassium element its function ,deficiency and chemical fertilizer and cultural method used and potassium cycle and the factors which affect the potassium ion in the soil .

1. welcome

2. Essential plant nutrients

3. Submitted to :- Submitted by :-
Dr. Pradip Tripura Priya priyadarshini
Assistant professor System id – 2019004267
Subject :- manures, fertilizers and
soil fertility management
Subject code – BAG 333
Sec –B 3rd yr
BSC Agriculture(hons)

4. introduction
Essential Nutrients/elements :-
• To be able to grow, develop, and produce at their best, plants
must have specific elements or compounds called plant
essential nutrient.
Or
• An essential nutrient element is the one which is required for
the normal life cycle of an organism and where functions
cannot be substituted by any other chemical compound.

5. Nutrition :-
• In order to complete the life cycle normally, the
living organism requires large number of substances
from outside. This is called as nutrition.
• Soil is a major source of nutrients needed by plants
for their growth .
Plant Nutrient:-
• The plant nutrient is a “food” which is composed of
certain chemical elements often referred to as ‘plant
nutrient’or plant food elements considered very
essential for growth and development of plants
Nutrient:-
• Nutrients are substances required by an organism
for their normal growth and reproduction

6. • Scientists have identified 17 essential nutrients and
grouped them according to the relative amount of
each that plants need.
• Each essential nutrient affects specific functions of
the plant growth and development.
• Plant nutrient elements are grouped into two types.
A. Essential Nutrients/ Elements
B. Beneficial Nutrients/Elements

7. Criteria of Essentiality of Nutrients
Arnon and Stout (1939) and they considered 17 elements essential for plant
nutrition. Essential element must follow these criteria :-
i. A deficiency of an essential nutrient element makes it impossible for the
plant to complete the vegetative or reproductive stage of its life cycle.
ii. The deficiency of an element is very specific to the element in question
and deficiency can be corrected /prevented only by supplying that
particular element.
iii. The element must directly be involved in the nutrition and metabolism of
the plant and have a direct influence on plant apart from its possible
effects in correcting some micro-biological or chemical conditions of the
soil or other culture medium.

8. classification
• Essential nutrients are classified in to two major groups based on
relative utilization or absorption by the plants and also based on
their biochemical behavior and physiological functions.
1. Based on the absorption by the plants:-
• Macro or Major Nutrients
• Micro nutrients
2. Based on the role of element in plant system:-
• Structural Elements :- C, H, O
• Accessory structural elements :- N. P. S
• Regulator & Carriers :- K, Ca, Mg
• Catalyst & Activators :- Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl, B

9. Based on the amount required by
the plant:-
Major nutrients :-
Are those usually required in the largest amounts for their growth and
development .
Eg:- C, H. O. N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S
Macronutrients are classified into two types:-
• Primary Nutrient: -Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. These three
elements are also called as fertilizer elements because deficiency of these
elements is corrected by application through fertilizers.
• Secondary Nutrients:- Are those nutrients which are required by plants in
moderate amounts. They are called secondary because they are unknowingly
supplied through fertilizers and other amendments.
Eg. Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphur.

10. Micro /trace nutrients :-
• Are required in tiny amounts compared to primary
or secondary nutrients.
• Micronutrients are boron, chlorine, copper, iron,
manganese, molybdenum, and zinc.
• A very few plants need five other nutrients: cobalt,
nickel, silicon, sodium .
• They are also called as trace/rare/nano elements.
• These nutrients are having equal importance and
essential to plant as macro nutrients.

11. Nutrients
Macro –nutrients
N,P,K,S,Ca, , mg
Primary nutrients
N ,P,K
Secondary nutrients
Ca Mg ,S
Micro – nutrients
Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, Cl, B, Co
Structural Elements : C, H,
O
Accessory structural
elements : N. P. S
Regulator & Carriers : K,
Ca, Mg
Catalyst & Activators : Fe,
Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl, B

12. Forms of nutrients for
Plant absorption
N NH4+, NO3-, organic N
P H2PO4- (Primary) and HPO42-(Secondary)
Orthophosphates
Mg Mg++
Ni Ni 2+
Ca Ca++
K K+
S SO3- (Sulphite) and SO4-
-
Fe Fe++ (Ferrous), Fe+++ (Ferric)

13. C Co2
H H2O ,H+
O H2O ,O2-
Mn Mn++ (Manganous) and Mn+++ (Manganic)
Zn Zn++
B BO3 and other forms
Mo MoO4 - (Molybdate)
Cl Cl-
Cu Cu+ (Cuprous) and Cu++ Cupric)

15. potassium
• Potassium was the 1st metal
that was isolated by
electrolysis.
• Its symbol is K (comes
from kalium)
• Plants absorb potassium in
its ionic form k+ .
• Potassium is an
essential plant nutrient and
is required in large amounts
for proper growth and
reproduction of plants.

16. • Potassium is immobile in the soil ,and mobile in the
plant .
• Second most abundant nutrient in the plant .
• Plants obtain K mainly by diffusion.
• The total potassium content of Indian soils varies
from 0.5 to 3.0%
• Essential in the formation and transfer of starch and
sugars especially in potato , Banana ,sweet potato .
• It increases pulpiness of grain and seeds .
• It is considered as quality element for many crops.
• Potassium present in soils , more than 98% occurs in
primary and secondary minerals .

17. • Potassium is indispensable in the plant nutrition and
needs to be supplied in relatively large quantities to
fruit crops and field crops.
• Potassium does not enter in to the composition of
any of the constituents of the plant cells such as
proteins, chlorophyll, fats and carbohydrates.
• It primarily occurs as soluble inorganic salts and
occasionally as salts of organic acids.
• It is abundant cation in the cytoplasm, meristematic
regions, cell sap.
• It is considered as Quality element for many crops.

18. function
1. Potassium is responsible for osmo-regulation and controls cell turgor pressure.
2. It has important role in pH stabilization, enzyme activation, protein synthesis,
stomata movement (closing and opening), cell extension and photosynthesis.
3. Impart drought/heat/frost resistance to plants as it regulates transpiration and water
conditions in the plant cell. It improves water use efficiency
4. Impart pest and disease resistance to plants
5. Required for ATP synthesis and better N use efficiency by favoring the protein
formation.
6. Plants become strong and stiff; thus it reduces lodging of plants.
7. 7. Essential in the formation and transfer of starch and sugars especially in potato,
sweet potato, turnip, banana, tapioca

19. • Potassium play an important role in the regulation of
water in plants.
• It triggers activation of enzymes and is essential for
production of ATP.
• In photosynthesis process it regulate the opening and
closing of stomata and regulate the CO2 uptake .
• It affects the plant shape, size, color, taste and other
measurements attributed to healthy produce.
• Potassium increases vigour and disease resistance of
plants, helps form and move starches, sugars and oils in
plants, and can improve fruit quality.
• Muriate of potash and sulfate of potash are the most
common sources of potassium.
• It is known to improve drought resistance.

20. Potassium cycle

21. Factors affecting potassium uptake
• Soil moisture
• Soil temperature
• Soil ph
• Leaching
• Soil aeration and oxygen level
• Tillage system

22. Portion of total k Form of k
90 to 98 % Potassium containing mineral (feldspars, mica)
1 to 10 % Clay mineral
0.1 to 2% Exchangeable K+ and soil solution K+
% of potassium in the soil

23. Deficiency symptoms
• Mottled ,spotted ,streaked or curled leaves .
• Scorched ,burned ,dead leaf tips and margins.
• Purple spots may also appear on the leaf undersides.
• Plant growth, root development, and seed and fruit
development are usually reduced in potassium-
deficient plants.
• The leaves, especially older leaves, may have brown
spots, yellow edges, yellow veins, or brown veins.
• chlorosis (yellowing) between leaf veins.

24. • Weakening of stem and Lodging of crops and easy susceptibility to pest and
diseases.
• Scorching of leaves and burning appearance of leaf margins and tip.
• Poor keeping quality of fruits. The quality of fruits and vegetables
decreased.
• Marginal necrosis and burning of leaf tips.
• Stunted growth, shortening of internodes.
• It causes great disturbance in the water economy of plants and more water
is lost per unit dry matter.
• Poor sprouting of vines.
• Severe attack of the grapes with Botrytis cinerea due to K deficiency

27. Fertilizers
• Potassium fertilizer is sometimes called potash fertilizer.
• This is because potassium fertilizers often contain a substance
called potash.
• Potash is a naturally occurring substance that occurs when wood is
burned away or can be found in mines and the ocean .
Cultural method:-
• Banana peels are very high in potassium.
• Wood ash can also be used .(apply wood ash only lightly, as too
much can burn your plants)
• Greensand

28. Chemical fertilizer
chemical chemical formula Amount
Potassium chloride KCl 60 -62%
Potassium sulphate K2So4 50%
Potassium –magnesium
sulphate
K2S2O4 +2mgso4 20%
Potassium thiosulphate K2S2O3 17%
Potassium nitrate KNO3 44%

29. Thank you