1. 1
Application of High-Strength and
High-Performance Fiber Reinforced
Concrete to Precast Elements
International Seminar on Design and Construction
of Precast Structures in Seismic Regions
October 2015, Chile
Hideki Kimura
Senior Chief Researcher, Dr.Eng
R & D Institute
Takenaka Corporation
2. 2
Contents of today’s speechContents of today’s speech
1. Introduction
2. Classification of FRCC
3. Application of Fiber Reinforced HSC
3.1 High Rise Building Columns
3.2 Slender Columns
3.3 B/C Joint in Precast Systems
4. Application of UFC
4.1 Bridge Precast Elements
4.2 Offshore Structures
4.3 Precast Plates or Forms
5. Application of HPFRCC (ECC)
5.1 Precast Coupling Beams in Buildings
5.2 Retrofit Projects
3. 3
Tukuda island, Tokyo water frontTukuda island, Tokyo water front
1. Introduction1. Introduction
Tokyo SceneTokyo Scene
4. 4
Evolution of
High Strength Concrete
is
Evolution of
High Rise RC buildings
Evolution of
High Strength Concrete
is
Evolution of
High Rise RC buildings
5. 5
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
Number
Year (end of structural design evaluation)
RCResponse controled structures:68 buildings
RCSeismic isolation structures:75 buildings
RC Seismic structures:369 buildings
Seismic Resistant Seismic Control Seismic Isolation
Energy
absorption
Energy
absorption
Large
drift
Small
drift
Large
displacement
Displacement
as solid body
Isolation
bearing
Transition of Number of High-Rise RC Buildings
Designed Year (at the end of appraisal)
Evolution of high-rise RC buildingsEvolution of high-rise RC buildings
Number
of
Building
/ BCJ data
/ Over 60m high
/ Total number exceeded 500
6. 6
Transition of concrete strengthTransition of concrete strength
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
設計年
コンクリート設計基準強度Fc [N/mm
2
]
実績最大値
各年最大値
各年平均値
各年最小値
Specifieddesignstrength
Fc(MPa)
Year (end of structural design evaluation)
Maximum past record
Annual maximum value
Annual average value
Annual minimum value
New RC
Project
Evolution of high-strength materialsEvolution of high-strength materials
Research
on FRCC
7. 7
Year Keywords
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Structural Planning
Frame Structure
1986 Hikarigaoka D5 (30F)
Early Development of High-rise
RC Buildings as Takenaka Corporation
Concrete strength Fc42 , Height 88m
1996 Bellemarge Sakai (43F)
Double Tube Structure
Concrete strength Fc70 , Height 136m
1997 Park City Suginami(28F)
High-rise RC Structure using Seismic Isolation
System Concrete strength Fc48 , Height 87m
2003 D’Grafort Kobe Sannomiya(43F)
Takenaka Hybrid Flat Slub System
High-rise RC Structure using Seismic Isolation
of World extreme height
Concrete strength Fc60 , Height 145m
27,300
31,800
光が丘D5
27,300
31,800
光が丘D5
20,600
45,000
六甲アイランド3番街
20,600
45,000
六甲アイランド3番街
20,600
29,000
グランコリーナ西神南
22,930
40,200
京阪くずはT棟
32,500
32,500
ディーグラフォート神戸三宮
32,500
32,500
ディーグラフォート神戸三宮
2001 KuzuhaTower City
T Building (42F)
High-rise RC Structure using Seismic Isolation
Concrete strength Fc80 , Height 133m
Early Development
Of High-riseRC
Buildings
Realization of High
strength concrete
Fc42
High strength
concrete Fc70
High-rise RC
Structure using
Seismic Isolation
System
High strength
concrete Fc100
Takenaka Hybrid
Flat Slub System
Super FlexSuper Flex
TubeTube
StructureStructure
To the height
200m
Double Tube
Structure
Seismic Isolation
System
(Free Plan)
Seismic Isolation
System(Free Plan)
2002 RenaissanceTower
Ueno Ikenohata (38F)
Super Flex Tube Structure using a damper
Concrete strength Fc60 , Height 130m
2005 Musashi Kosugi plan
(59F,47F) Height 201m
( Advanced High Performance Concrete )
SUPERSUPER FLEX STRUCTURESFLEX STRUCTURES
Using of Structural Wall
History of High-Rise RC Buildings of TakenakaHistory of High-Rise RC Buildings of Takenaka
8. 8
High-rise building with Complex Floor PlanHigh-rise building with Complex Floor Plan
■Outline
/ Use: Condimunium
/ Location: Osaka
/ No. of Story: 42F (B1F)
/ Maximum Height: 136.8 m
/ Total Floor Area: 32,720 m2
/ Construction Period : 2001.3~2003.12
/ Structure: Reinforced Concrete
with Base Isolation System
/ Max. Concrete Strength
: Fc 80 Mpa
9. 9Base Isolated Super High-rise RC Building Composed
of Three Connected Towers with Vibration Control Systems
(Winner of fib 2010 Awards for
Outstanding Structures )
◆ Island Tower Sky Club
10. 10
Outline of Structure
< Techniques Used >
1)Three Tower
Connecting System
2) Precast Concrete
System with 70 Mpa
Concrete
3) Core Wall System
4) Base Isolation
System
5) Dampers of the Sky
Garden truss
6) Dampers of the
upper stories
(Zinc-Alminum alloy
dampers)
◆42-story residential
building(2008)
ハイブリッド基礎免震
鋼管場所打ち
コンクリート拡底杭
スカイガーデン
(鉄骨トラス構造)
制振装置
・ブロードバンドダンパー
・オイルダンパー
鉄骨中実柱
(200~250φ)
制振ダンパー
(亜鉛アルミダンパー)
高層
ゾーン
1FL
基礎
Fc32 杭
フラットスラブ
(ボイドスラブ)
コンクリート強度
6FL
11FL
16FL
21FL
27FL
極厚耐震壁
(コア部分)
Fc70
Fc48
Fc60
Fc54
Fc48
Fc39
Fc30
中層
ゾーン
低層
ゾーン
鉄骨中実柱
(200~250φ)
High-rise
zone
中層
ゾーン
低層
ゾーン
Low-rise
zone
Foundation
Piles
Vibr ation control device
(zinc aluminum damper)
Seamless steel
columns(~250 dia.)
Flatslab
(void slab)
Box shape RC walls
(core area)
Sky-Garden
(steel truss structure)
Vibration control device
(viscoelastic damper)
(oil damper)
Base-isolated foundations
Steel tube in-situ driven
concrete enlarged base
piles
Medium-rise
zone
Precastconcrete
(colum,beam,slab)
Bending restoration beam
(SRC:15th,26th,37th floor)
m145.3m
Vibration Control Device
(Zinc-Aluminium Alloy Damper)
Sky Garden
(Steel Truss Structure)
Extremely slender steel columns
Vibration Control Device
(Broad-Band Damper)
(Oil Damper)
Flatslab
(No Beams)
Super-Flex-Wall Frame
(Core Wall)
Bending Restoration Beam
(SRC:15th,26th,37th Floor)
Precast Concrete
(Column,Beam,Slab)
Cast-in-place concrete pile
with outer Steel Tube
Base Isolation System
Low
Story
Zone
High
Story
Zone
Medium
Story
Zone
11. 11
Ordinary High Strength ConcreteOrdinary High Strength Concrete
Separation and
fall down of
cover due to
lateral
displacement
★Premature Cover Spalling★Less Fire Resistance
12. 12
2. Classification of Fiber
Reinforced Cementitious
Composites
2. Classification of Fiber
Reinforced Cementitious
Composites
13. 13
FRCC : Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites
Classification of Fiber Reinforced
Cementitious Composites
Classification of Fiber Reinforced
Cementitious Composites
Strength(Low) (High)
Ductility(Low)(High)
DFRCC:Ductile Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite
FRC:Fiber Reinforced Concrete
UFC:Ultra High
Strength Fiber
Reinforced Concrete
Pseudo strain
hardening
characteristics
under uni-axial
tensile stress
HPFRCC : High Performance Fiber
Reinforced Cement Composites with
multiple fine cracks
ECC: Engineered
Cementitious Composites
Deflection
hardening
characteristics
under bending
stress
Strain softening
characteristics
under tensile
stress ★
★
★
★
(SHCC in
RILEM)
(RPC in
France)
14. 14
Behavior of Different Classes of FRCBehavior of Different Classes of FRC
Tensile Stress-Crack
Opening Behavior of
Different Classes of
Fiber Reinforced
Concrete
Tensile Stress-Crack
Opening Behavior of
Different Classes of
Fiber Reinforced
Concrete
15. 15
JSCE Recommendations for UFC and HPFRCCJSCE Recommendations for UFC and HPFRCC
Recommendations for Design and Construction of High
Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composite with
Multiple Fine Cracks (HPFRCC), 2007
Recommendations for Design and Construction of Ultra
High-Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrtee Structures
(Draft), 2006
UFC
(Ultra High-Strength Fiber
Reinforced Concrete)
HPFRCC
(High Performance Fiber
Reinforced Cement Composite)
16. 16
◆First Practical Application of
150MPa SFRC to Building
◆First Practical Application of
150MPa SFRC to Building
3.1 High-rise Building Columns3.1 High-rise Building Columns
3. Application of Fiber
Reinforced HSC
3. Application of Fiber
Reinforced HSC
17. 17
Use: Condominium
Location: Kanagawa Pref.
No. of Story: 59F (B1, PF2F)
Height of Building: 197.6 m
Maximum Height: 203.5 m
Total Floor Area: 103,670 m2
Structure: RC Moment Frames
with Vibration Control Devices
Concrete Strength: Fc150 MPa
Main Bar: SD678 (y: 685MPa)
Design: Takenaka Corporation
Construction:
Takenaka Corporation
Construction Period:
2005.10 – 2009.4
Park City Musashi Kosugi Building
Park City Musashi Kosugi BuildingPark City Musashi Kosugi Building
Building
D
Building
E
(Winner of fib 2014 Awards for Outstanding Structures )
18. 18
Steel structure
Column, beam,
joint: precast
olumn
Non-column space
9.6mx31.6m
Balcony: precast
Visco-elastic
damper wall
Mega-frame
Spancrete
composite slab
Column SRC,
Beam S
Concrete: 150MPa
Steel bar: 685MPa
Mega-frame
Composite wall
Wall pier
Piled raft
Spancrete
composite slab
Column, beam:
precast
Balcony: precast
Staircase:
precastBalcony: precastFloor: deck plate
Damper column
3F – 10F
Large span
super frame
Visco-elastic
damper wall
3F – 38FTypical Floor PlanSection
Park City Musashi Kosugi Building
Outline of StructureOutline of Structure
20. 20
Specified strength
Fc150N/mm2
Core from solid (91d)
Insulated curing (91d)
Standard curing (56d)
● Core (91days)
○ Core (28days)
Compressive strength (N/mm2)
Height (mm)
Curtain on the building wall
says
“Strongest Concrete in the
World (150N/mm2)”
“One coin area of concrete
can support the weight of an
elephant”
Strength of Concrete Core
Strongest practiced concrete in the worldStrongest practiced concrete in the world
21. 21
Silica fume cement High-range water reducer
Conventional technique New technique
High-range water reducer
Silica fume
Cement Cement
Break up
Repulsion
Application of 150MPa ConcreteApplication of 150MPa Concrete
23. 23
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Ordinary High-strength Concrete Advanced Performance Composite
Steel
fiber
Prevention of
separation and
fall down of
concrete
Separation and
fall down of
concrete due to
lateral
displacement
Park City Musashi Kosugi Building
Prevention of Cover spallingPrevention of Cover spalling
26. 26
Laboratory test of structural elements used in RC high-rise buildings
Structural Test for High-Rise R/C BuildingsStructural Test for High-Rise R/C Buildings
41. 41
◆ Practical Application of SFRC
to B/C Joint of Precast Systems
◆ Practical Application of SFRC
to B/C Joint of Precast Systems
3.3 B/C Joint in Precast System3.3 B/C Joint in Precast System
42. 42
Steel fibre concrete
Beam longi. bars
with headed bars
No shear Reinf.
in joint
(Newly Developed interior B/C joint )(Ordinary Interior B/C joint)
・Plain concrete
・Shear reinf. in joint
Application of SFRC to B/C JointApplication of SFRC to B/C Joint
44. 44
▽FL
1) Setting of PCa Columns
2) Setting of PCa Beams
with Headed Bars
Application of SFRC to B/C JointApplication of SFRC to B/C Joint
45. 45
▽FL
3) Casting Concrete
with Fibers in B/C Joint
4) Setting of Upper
Floor PCa Columns
Application of SFRC to B/C JointApplication of SFRC to B/C Joint
48. 48
Beam flexural yielding was confirmed using FRC in the B/C joint
Test Results of Newly Developed B/C JointTest Results of Newly Developed B/C Joint
50. 50
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
層間変形⾓:R×10-3[rad]
FJI0
FJI1
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
層せん断⼒:Q[kN]
梁曲げ終局強度
PJI0(通し配筋定着)
FJI1(機械式定着)
StoryShearForce:Q[kN]
Story Drift Angle : R×10-3[rad.]
Eq.Damp.Factor:heq[%]
Comparison of Ordinary and
Newly Developed B/C Joint
Comparison of Ordinary and
Newly Developed B/C Joint
Ordinary B/C J.
New B/C J.
Flexural Strength
51. 51
6 story Base Isolated Hospital6 story Base Isolated Hospital
■Outline
/ Use: Hospital
/ Location: Nagoya City
/ No. of Story: 6F (B1F)
/ Maximum Height: 24 m
/ Total Floor Area: 10,076 m2
/ Structure:
RC and Steel
with Base Isolation System
/ Max. Concrete Strength
: Fc60 Mpa
52. 52
6 story Base Isolated Hospital6 story Base Isolated Hospital
Less congested than ordinary B/C joint
53. 53
Casting condition of SFRC
▽FL
6 story Base Isolated Hospital6 story Base Isolated Hospital
54. 54
◆Practical Application of UFC
to Prdestrian Bridge
◆Practical Application of UFC
to Prdestrian Bridge
4.1 Bridge Precast Elements4.1 Bridge Precast Elements
4. Application of UFC4. Application of UFC
55. 55
Composition of UFC
Stress- Strain Relationship
Ultra-High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
UFC is an epoch-making high-ductility/high-durability concrete
having a compressive strength exceeding 150 N/mm2 as well as a
high tensile strength exceeding 10 N/mm2.
What is UFC ?What is UFC ?
56. 56
◆Sakata-Mirai Bridge Using 200MPa UFC
Application of UFC to BridgeApplication of UFC to Bridge
(Reference)
Nikkei construction:
September 13, 2002
57. 57
Ordinary Concrete
40N/mm2
Outer cable PS structure
Span:50m
Floor thickness:5cm
Web thickness:8cm
Completed in 2002
UFC 200N/mm2 Steel Girder
Main cable
25S15.28x2
Main cable
19S15.28x4
Effective
width
1.6 m
Effective
width
1.6 m
Effective
width
1.6 m
1.56
2.1
3.0
(Reference)
Nikkei construction:
September 13, 2002
Comparison of Girder SectionComparison of Girder Section
◆Sakata-Mirai Bridge Using 200MPa UFC
58. 58
Application of UFC to BridgeApplication of UFC to Bridge
◆Akakura Onsen-Yukemuri Bridge
Span : 35.3m
Depth : 950mm
Outer cable PS structure
Slab thickness : 70mm
Web thickness : 70mm
Completed in 2004
Section
(Reference)
Nikkei construction:
September 13, 2002
59. 59
Application of UFC to BridgeApplication of UFC to Bridge
◆Mikaneike Bridge Using
Length : 81.2m
Span : 39.9m
Width : 3.6m
PC outer cable structure
U shaped girder
Completed in 2007
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese
Recommendations on Design and
Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application
Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC
Symposium, 2008.10
60. 60
Application of UFC to BridgeApplication of UFC to Bridge
◆Riverside Senshu Renraku Bridge
Length : 30.5m
Span : 2+26+2m
Width : 4.1m
PC outer cable structure
Slab thickness : 70mm
Web thickness : 100-200mm
Completed in 2007
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese
Recommendations on Design and
Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application
Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC
Symposium, 2008.10
61. 61
PCケーブル
12S15.2B
n=3本
800
940
130 130540
1850
2000
50
70
150
◆Tokyo Monorail◆Tokyo Monorail
Application of UFC to Monorail GirderApplication of UFC to Monorail Girder
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese
Recommendations on Design and
Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application
Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC
Symposium, 2008.10
62. 62
Application of UFC to GirdersApplication of UFC to Girders
◆Ramp way of East
Kyushu Expressway
using 200MPa UFC
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese
Recommendations on Design and
Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application
Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC
Symposium, 2008.10
64. 64
Application of UFC to Airport SlabsApplication of UFC to Airport Slabs
● UFC precast slabs (7,000 pieces,
standard dimension 7.8 m x3.6 m )
● World largest volume of 24000 m3
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese Recommendations
on Design and Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application Examples, Keynote
Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
66. 66
Application of UFC to Repair ProjectApplication of UFC to Repair Project
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese Recommendations
on Design and Construction of Different Classes of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete and Application Examples, Keynote
Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
67. 67
5.1 Precast Coupling Beams in
Buildings
5.1 Precast Coupling Beams in
Buildings
5. Application of HPFRCC5. Application of HPFRCC
68. 68
Application of HPFRCC to BuildingApplication of HPFRCC to Building
*Kajima Corporation
(http://www.kajima.co.jp/news/press/200509/29a1fo-j.htm)
◆27-story residential building(2006)
Core wall
HPFRCC coupling beam
Support column
Flat slab
72. 72
Application of HPFRCC to Public WorksApplication of HPFRCC to Public Works
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese Recommendations on Design and Construction of Different Classes of
Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Application Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
73. 73
Y. Uchida et al : Review of Japanese Recommendations on Design and Construction of Different Classes of
Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Application Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
Application of HPFRCC to Public WorksApplication of HPFRCC to Public Works
75. 75
■ Fiber Reinforced HSC
1) In building structures, evolution of high-rise RC buildings
has been related to the evolution of HSC.
2) Because high strength concrete is less performance in
terms of fire-resistance and has a brittle behavior, organic
and steel fibers are added in order to improve its
characteristics.
3) Some recent research advances and applications
associated with fiber reinforced HSC were presented
focusing on applications to precast concrete elements in
Japan.
Concluding Remarks (1)Concluding Remarks (1)
76. 76
■ UFC (Ultra High-Strength Fiber Reinforced
Concrete)
1)UFC is high-ductility/high-durability concrete of a
compressive and a high tensile strengths exceeding 150
MPa and 5 MPa, respectively.
2)UFC has been applied to bridge girders where 1) small
member thickness, 2) light weight and 3) small beam section
height , are required.
3)UFC precast slabs of the world largest volume are used
for the deck slabs at the off shore airport runway. The
reasons of the application are weight reduction and the
durability against the salt attack.
4)UFC precast forms are used in the retrofit projects due to
the improvement of the durability including the wearing or
abrasion resistance.
Concluding Remarks (2)Concluding Remarks (2)
77. 77
■ HPFRCC (High Performance Fiber Reinforced
Cement Composite)
1) HPFRCC has been applied to many civil engineering
structures (tunnels, bridges, gravity dams, etc.) where cracks
must be kept fine or large ductility is required.
2) HPFRCC was applied to connecting beams between
shear walls in a high-rise RC building because of its
excellent energy absorbing performance and less damages.
Concluding Remarks (3)Concluding Remarks (3)