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BY POOJA SEVAK
MSc-II
BIOTECH
 A particle that is able to sense a physical or
environmental property at the nanoscale known as
a NanoSensor.
 It is able to sense the properties of environmental
conditions at very small and gaseous level.
Nanosensors
1. Classification based on Structure
 Optical Nanosensors
 Electrochemical Nanosensors
1. Glucose Monitoring
2. Asthma Detection
3. Microorganism Detection
 Detection of Bacteria
 Detection ofViruses
4. Cancer Diagnosis
5. Cell Monitoring
 The incorporation of
nanomaterials into these
sensors offers a variety of
advantages including increased
surface area, more efficient
electron transfer from enzyme
to electrode and the ability to
include additional catalytic
steps.
 Nanostructured polymers can
improve the development of
glucose sensors.
 This approach often involves a ‘‘smart tattoo’’ for the
patient, because sensors would be implanted into the skin of
the patient similar to regular tattoos.
 The sensors would change fluorescence properties in
response to blood glucose.
 Sensors are based on polymeric nanosensors incorporating
boronic acid derivatives to recognize glucose.
 Alizarin was used as the reporting group.
 It can track blood glucose throughout the physiological
range (from 66 mg/deciliter (dL) or 3.7 mM to 427 mg/dL or
23.7 mM)
Nanosensors
 Higher surface areas (yielding larger currents and faster
responses) and improved catalytic activities.
 Continuous monitoring
 The small size of these sensors, they could potentially avoid
the foreign body response of the immune system.Therefore,
have longer useful lives.
 Nitric oxide level are found to be increased in asthma
patients.
 The base of surface sensor is polymer coated NanoTube
Field EffectTransistor (NTFET).
 NTFET containing a random network of single-walled carbon
nanotube between source and drain gold electrode on silicon
oxide substrate.
 Semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum
dots (QDs)
 DNA nanosensor that detects target sequences via DNA
hybridization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer
(FRET) using QDs as energy donors.
 Aberrant DNA hypermethylation is observed at classic
tumor-suppressor genes, which are known to be genetically
mutated and cause inherited forms of cancer.
Nanosensors
 The rapid & sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria can
be done using nanosensors.
 Limitation of most of conventional diagnosis lack of ultra
sensitivity and delay in getting result can be over come.
 Single bacterium can be detected.
 Eg. detection of small number of salmonella enteric bacteria
is achieved due to change in surface stress on silicon nitrate
cantiliver.
 FranclaGD,AlfonoB and FerraraVL (2009). Conductometric gas
nanosensors. Journal of sensors, Hindawii Publishing Corporation: 659275
 Fehr , Frommer WB and Lalonde S (2002).Visualization of maltose
uptake in living yeast cells by using fluorescent nansensors.PNAS99(15):
98469851
 Zenkl, G. and Klimant, I. (2009) Fluorescent acrylamide nanoparticles for
boronic acid based sugar sensing - from probes to sensors. Microchim.
Acta 166, 123–131
 Billingsley, K. et al. (2010) Fluorescent nano-optodes for glucose
detection. Anal. Chem. 82, 3707–3713
 http://www.me.jhu.edu/thwang/quantumdots.htm

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Nanosensors

  • 2.  A particle that is able to sense a physical or environmental property at the nanoscale known as a NanoSensor.  It is able to sense the properties of environmental conditions at very small and gaseous level.
  • 4. 1. Classification based on Structure  Optical Nanosensors  Electrochemical Nanosensors
  • 5. 1. Glucose Monitoring 2. Asthma Detection 3. Microorganism Detection  Detection of Bacteria  Detection ofViruses 4. Cancer Diagnosis 5. Cell Monitoring
  • 6.  The incorporation of nanomaterials into these sensors offers a variety of advantages including increased surface area, more efficient electron transfer from enzyme to electrode and the ability to include additional catalytic steps.  Nanostructured polymers can improve the development of glucose sensors.
  • 7.  This approach often involves a ‘‘smart tattoo’’ for the patient, because sensors would be implanted into the skin of the patient similar to regular tattoos.  The sensors would change fluorescence properties in response to blood glucose.  Sensors are based on polymeric nanosensors incorporating boronic acid derivatives to recognize glucose.  Alizarin was used as the reporting group.  It can track blood glucose throughout the physiological range (from 66 mg/deciliter (dL) or 3.7 mM to 427 mg/dL or 23.7 mM)
  • 9.  Higher surface areas (yielding larger currents and faster responses) and improved catalytic activities.  Continuous monitoring  The small size of these sensors, they could potentially avoid the foreign body response of the immune system.Therefore, have longer useful lives.
  • 10.  Nitric oxide level are found to be increased in asthma patients.  The base of surface sensor is polymer coated NanoTube Field EffectTransistor (NTFET).  NTFET containing a random network of single-walled carbon nanotube between source and drain gold electrode on silicon oxide substrate.
  • 11.  Semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QDs)  DNA nanosensor that detects target sequences via DNA hybridization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using QDs as energy donors.  Aberrant DNA hypermethylation is observed at classic tumor-suppressor genes, which are known to be genetically mutated and cause inherited forms of cancer.
  • 13.  The rapid & sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria can be done using nanosensors.  Limitation of most of conventional diagnosis lack of ultra sensitivity and delay in getting result can be over come.  Single bacterium can be detected.  Eg. detection of small number of salmonella enteric bacteria is achieved due to change in surface stress on silicon nitrate cantiliver.
  • 14.  FranclaGD,AlfonoB and FerraraVL (2009). Conductometric gas nanosensors. Journal of sensors, Hindawii Publishing Corporation: 659275  Fehr , Frommer WB and Lalonde S (2002).Visualization of maltose uptake in living yeast cells by using fluorescent nansensors.PNAS99(15): 98469851  Zenkl, G. and Klimant, I. (2009) Fluorescent acrylamide nanoparticles for boronic acid based sugar sensing - from probes to sensors. Microchim. Acta 166, 123–131  Billingsley, K. et al. (2010) Fluorescent nano-optodes for glucose detection. Anal. Chem. 82, 3707–3713  http://www.me.jhu.edu/thwang/quantumdots.htm