1. Gillian Barry, Celine Campbell,
Catherine Curtin, Paolo Defant,
Mary Duggan, Ross Moriarty

3. What
“Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition caused by a lack, or
insufficiency of insulin…In diabetes, the pancreas makes too
little insulin to enable all the sugar in your blood to get into
your muscle and other cells to produce energy. If sugar can’t
get into the cells to be used, it builds up in the bloodstream.
Therefore, diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar
levels.”
(Diabetes Ireland, 2012)

4. Who
 Over 45
 Overweight
 Family history
 During pregnancy

5. How Many

6. How Much
 10% of national health budget (CODEIRE,
2006)
 10% NHS budget 2011 (diabetes.co.uk, 2012)
 Irish health budget 2011 = €14.5 billion

7. Telehealth
 Outpatient care Examples:
 Blood pressure
 Information and monitor
support  Pulse oximeter
 Weighing scales
 Blood
glucometer

8. Diabetes and Telehealth
IDEATEL and DIABTEL:
 Dedicated Technologies
 Monitor vital signs, record
diet/exercise, communicate with
physician
 Effective but impractical
 Targeted at those already diagnosed

9. Diabetes and Telehealth 2
Existing technologies and information
based approaches:
 Education and support
 Online, phone or videoconferencing
 Wider audience
 Live vs. automated services (Mori et al,
2011)

10. Diabetes and Weight Loss
 Weight loss vs. management
 As or more effective than medicine (Knowler
et al, 2002)
 Safer/healthier than medication (Boulé,
Haddad, Kenny, Wells & Sigal, 2001)
 Patient in control(Turner-McGrievy et al,
2008)

11. Weight Loss and Telehealth
 Offline vs. online approach (Collins,
Morgan, Warren, Lubans & Callister,
2011)
 Passive vs. Active (Tate, Wing & Winett,
2001)
 Self-monitoring recommended

12. Desired Features
• User friendly design
• Content management
• Logo for identification
• Simple creation

13. Google Sites
• Free hosting and gadgets/apps
• Simple editor
• Limited HTML options
• Embedding option
• Problems with Twitter feed
• Unlimited pages

14. Sources of Information
• Diabetes Ireland
• Diabetes UK
• Canadian Diabetes Association
• American Diabetes Association
• Diabetes Australia
• World Health Organisation (WHO)

15. https://sites.google.com/site/diabetespreventionireland

16. Live Trial
3 Stages:
 Background information
 Usability testing
 Awareness and results

17. Recruitment Process
 Convenience sampling
 16 participants aged 40+
 No history of diabetes
 Privacy and anonymity assured

18. Pre-Questionnaire
 Age / gender / occupation
 Exercise and dietary habits
 Level of fitness
 Internet literacy
 Familiarity health/lifestyle websites
and apps

19. Pre-Questionnaire Results 1
Graph 1 - Gender
 Average age: 55
 Gender: Female 53%
Male 7
Female 9
Male 47%
Graph 2 - Do you consider your diet to be
healthy
Somewhat
Yes 7
7
 Healthy diet: > 80%
No 2

20. Pre-Questionnaire Results 2
Graph 3 - Level of fitness
 Good or average Good 4
level of fitness
(75%) Average 8
Poor 4
 Internet as a Graph 4 - Internet as source of information
source of for diet/lifestyle matters
information Yes 7
(<50%) No 9

21. Pre-Questionnaire Results 3
 High motivation
 Ubiquitous internet
 80% Friends/Family vs. 18%
Professionals

22. In-Process Evaluation
Focused on usability issues:
 Readability
 Quality of content
 Navigation
 Instructions
 Overall satisfaction

23. In-Process Evaluation

24. Problems Identified
 Page navigation
 Link identification
 Colour

25. End of Trial Questionnaire
Focusing on two areas of interest:
 Awareness
 Diet/lifestyle changes

26. End of Trial Analysis
• Compare results of 1st questionnaire
to those of the last
• Identify patterns relating to site
usage/success based on age, gender
and previous experience
• Education or health promotion?

27. Expected Outcomes
Participants Researcher
 Awareness  Online
 Positive changes information
seeking behaviour
 Evaluate/improve
usability

28. Future Developments/Studies
• Two separate trials: usability and
fitness
• Possible community aspect
• Importance of novelty and regular
updates

29. Project Overview
Practical experience and real world
concerns:
• Insurance and practicality
• Time constraints/scheduling
• Group work as a whole

30. References
 Aucott, L. S. (2008). Influences of weight loss on long-term diabetes
outcomes. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 67(1), 54–59.
 Boulé, N. G., Haddad, E., Kenny, G. P., Wells, G. A., & Sigal, R. J. (2001).
Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes
mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA: The Journal
of the American Medical Association, 286(10), 1218–1227.
 Collins, C. E., Morgan, P. J., Warren, J. M., Lubans, D. R., & Callister, R.
(2011). Men participating in a weight-loss intervention are able to
implement key dietary messages, but not those relating to vegetables or
alcohol: the Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Internet Technology
(SHED-IT) study. Public Health Nutrition, 14(1), 168–175.
 Cost of Diabetes. (n.d.). Diabetes UK. Retrieved July 22, 2012, from
http://www.diabetes.co.uk/cost-of-diabetes.html

31. References
 Gómez, E. J., Hernando, M. E., García, A., Del Pozo, F., Cermeño, J., Corcoy, R.,
Brugués, E., et al. (2002). Telemedicine as a tool for intensive management of
diabetes: the DIABTel experience. Computer Methods and Programs in
Biomedicine, 69(2), 163–177.
 Numbers with diabetes climb to over 191,000 following census results (October
20th, 2011). Diabetes Action. Retrieved July 22, 2012, from
http://www.diabetesaction.ie/news/2011/10/numbers-with-diabetes-climb-
following-census-results/32
 Knowler, W. C., Barrett-Connor, E., Fowler, S. E., Hamman, R. F., Lachin, J. M.,
Walker, E. A., & Nathan, D. M. (2002). Reduction in the incidence of type 2
diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. The New England Journal of
Medicine, 346(6), 393–403.
 Mori, D. L., Silberbogen, A. K., Collins, A. E., Ulloa, E. W., Brown, K. L., &
Niles, B. L. (2011). Promoting Physical Activity in Individuals With Diabetes:
Telehealth Approaches. Diabetes Spectrum, 24(3), 127–135.

32. References
 Nolan, J. J., O’Halloran, D., McKenna, T. J., Firth, R., & Redmond, S.
(2006). The cost of treating type 2 diabetes (CODEIRE). Irish medical
journal, 99(10), 307–310.
 Shea, S., Starren, J., Weinstock, R. S., Knudson, P. E., Teresi, J., Holmes,
D., Palmas, W., et al. (2002). Columbia University’s Informatics for
Diabetes Education and Telemedicine (IDEATel) Project. Journal of the
American Medical Informatics Association JAMIA, 9(1), 49–62.
:
 Tate, D. F., Wing, R. R., & Winett, R. A. (2001). Using Internet
technology to deliver a behavioral weight loss program. JAMA: The
Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(9), 1172–1177.
 What is Diabetes? | Diabetes Federation of Ireland. (n.d.). Retrieved
July 22, 2012, from http://www.diabetes.ie/about-diabetes/newly-
diagnosed/

33. Questions