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The World of Jesus of Nazareth
IV - Jerusalem
The Three Annual Festivals
EXODUS 23:14 “Three times a year you are to
celebrate a festival to me.
15 “Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened
Bread; for seven days eat bread made without
yeast, as I commanded you. Do this at the
appointed time in the month of Aviv, for in that
month you came out of Egypt.
“No one is to appear before me empty-
handed.
World of jesus of nazareth  iv
THE HALF-SHEKEL TAX
Exodus 30:13 This is what each one who is registered shall give: half a shekel
according to the shekel of the sanctuary (the shekel is twenty gerahs), half a shekel as
an offering to the Lord.
A requirement for Jews everywhere, whether or not they lived in the land of Israel,
was to make an annual payment to support the Temple in Jerusalem. The Biblical
amount of the payment was one-half shekel. As Josephus tells it:"And when Moses
had gathered the multitude together again, he ordained that they should offer half a
shekel for every man, as an oblation to God; which shekel is a piece among the
Hebrews, and is equal to four Athenian drachmae." (Antiquities 3.8.2)
Only one coin was acceptable to the Temple for the paying of the tax at the time of
Josephus: this was the four-drachmae silver piece minted at the city of Tyre.
DOVE OFFERING
LEVITICUS 12:8 But if she cannot afford a lamb, she is to bring two doves or two
young pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering. In this
way the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean.‘”
LUKE 2:24 So they offered the sacrifice required in the law of the Lord--"either a
pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons."
MATTHEW 21:12 Jesus entered the temple
courts and drove out all who were buying and
selling there. He overturned the tables of the
money changers and the benches of those
selling doves.
TRIAL OF JESUS
MATTHEW 26:3 Then the chief priests and the elders of the people assembled in the
palace of the high priest, whose name was Caiaphas, 4 and they schemed to arrest
Jesus secretly and kill him. 5 “But not during the festival,” they said, “or there may
be a riot among the people.”
Then the men stepped forward, seized Jesus and arrested him. 51 With that, one of
Jesus’ companions reached for his sword, drew it out and struck the servant of the
high priest, cutting off his ear.
(LEVITICUS 21:16-18 16 The LORD said to Moses, 17 “Say to Aaron: ‘For the
generations to come none of your descendants who has a defect may come near
to offer the food of his God. 18 No man who has any defect may come near: no
man who is blind or lame, disfigured or deformed; )
Jesus Before the Sanhedrin
57 Those who had arrested Jesus took him to Caiaphas the high priest, where the teachers of
the law and the elders had assembled. 58 But Peter followed him at a distance, right up to the
courtyard of the high priest.He entered and sat down with the guards to see the outcome.
59 The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so
that they could put him to death. 60 But they did not find any, though many false
witnesses came forward.
Finally two came forward 61 and declared, “This fellow said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple
of God and rebuild it in three days.’”
62 Then the high priest stood up and said to Jesus, “Are you not going to answer? What is this
testimony that these men are bringing against you?” 63 But Jesus remained silent.
The high priest said to him, “I charge you under oath by the living God: Tell us if you are the
Messiah, the Son of God.”
64 “You have said so,” Jesus replied. “But I say to all of you: From now on you will see the Son
of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven.”[e]
65 Then the high priest tore his clothes and said, “He has spoken blasphemy! Why do we
need any more witnesses? Look, now you have heard the blasphemy. 66 What do you think?”
“He is worthy of death,” they answered.
PROBLEMS WITH THIS ACCOUNT
1 – THE HIGH PRIEST HAD NO STANDING AS AN OFFICIAL IN A JEWISH COURT.
2 – THE TERM “SANHEDRIN” HERE IS QUESTIONABLE – IT DID NOT LIKELY
REFER TO THE SANHEDRIN
3 – JEWISH TRIALS CANNOT BE HELD AFTER SUNSET
4 – JEWISH TRIALS CANNOT TAKE PLACE ON A FESTIVAL
5 – NOTHING JESUS SAYS HERE IS BLASPHEMY UNDER JEWISH LAW
6 – “MESSIAH” DOES NOT REFER TO A DIVINE BEING UNTIL MUCH LATER IN
CHRISTIAN HISTORY. WHAT “MESSIAH” MEANS IS EITHER A KOHEN OR A
KING AND “KING” WAS THE ISSUE FOR THE ROMANS. (INRI IS = IESUS
NAZARENUS REX IUDAEORUM = JESUS OF NAZARETH, KING OF THE JEWS) –
THIS SIGN ON HIS CROSS WAS A STATEMENT OF HIS CRIME.
CONCLUSION: THIS WAS A HEARING MEANT TO FIND A WAY TO HAVE THE
ROMANS EXECUTE HIM.
ACTS 5:33 When they heard this, they twere
enraged and wanted to kill them. 34 But a
Pharisee in the council named uGamaliel, va
teacher of the law held in honor by all the
people, stood up and gave orders to put the
men outside for a little while. 35 And he said to
them, “Men of Israel, take care what you are
about to do with these men. 36 For wbefore
these days Theudas rose up, xclaiming to be
somebody, and a number of men, about four
hundred, joined him. He was killed, and all
who followed him were dispersed and came to
nothing. 37 After him Judas the Galilean rose up
in the days of ythe census and drew away some
of the people after him. He too perished, and
all who followed him were scattered. 38 So in
the present case I tell you, keep away from
these men and let them alone, for zif this plan
or this undertaking is of man, it will
fail; 39 but aif it is of God, you will not be able
to overthrow them. You bmight even be found
opposing God!” So they took his advice,
Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai taught: “If you
have a sapling in your hand and someone tells
you the Messiah has arrived, first plant the
sapling and then go out to welcome the
Messiah” (Avot d’ Rabbi Natan B31).
LUKE 23 1-2 Then they rose up in a body and
took him off to Pilate and began their
accusation in these words, “Here is this man
whom we found corrupting our people, and
telling them that it is wrong to pay taxes to
Caesar, claiming that he himself is Christ, a
king.”
3 But Pilate addressed his question to Jesus,
“Are you the king of the Jews?” “Yes, I am,” he
replied.
4 Then Pilate spoke to the chief priests and the
crowd, “I find nothing criminal about this
man.”
Obviously, then, he has done nothing to
deserve the death penalty. I propose,
therefore, to teach him a sharp lesson and let
him go.”
17-21 But they all yelled as one man, “Take this
man away! We want Barabbas set free!”
(Barabbas was a man who had been put in
prison for causing a riot in the city and for
murder.) But Pilate wanted to set Jesus free
and he called out to them again, but they
shouted back at him, “Crucify, crucify him!”
Crucifixion was used to punish slaves, pirates,
and enemies of the state. It was considered
the most shameful and disgraceful way to die.
Death was often hastened by human action.
"The attending Roman guards could only leave
the site after the victim had died, and were
known to precipitate death by means of
deliberate fracturing of the tibia and/or fibula,
spear stab wounds into the heart, sharp blows
to the front of the chest, or a smoking fire built
at the foot of the cross to asphyxiate the
victim."
About three in the afternoon Jesus cried out in
a loud voice, "Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?"
(which means "My God, my God, why have you
forsaken me?").
Psalm 22:1
PSALM 22
25From you comes the theme of my praise in the great assembly;
before those who fear youf I will fulfill my vows.
26The poor will eat and be satisfied;
those who seek the LORD will praise him—
may your hearts live forever!
27All the ends of the earth
will remember and turn to the LORD,
and all the families of the nations
will bow down before him,
28for dominion belongs to the LORD
and he rules over the nations.
29All the rich of the earth will feast and worship;
all who go down to the dust will kneel before him—
those who cannot keep themselves alive.
30Posterity will serve him;
future generations will be told about the Lord.
31They will proclaim his righteousness,
declaring to a people yet unborn:
He has done it!
Deuteronomy 21:23 the body must not
remain hanging from the tree overnight. You
must bury the body that same day, for anyone
who is hung is cursed in the sight of God. In
this way, you will prevent the defilement of the
land the LORD your God is giving you as your
special possession.

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World of jesus of nazareth iv

  • 1. The World of Jesus of Nazareth IV - Jerusalem
  • 2. The Three Annual Festivals EXODUS 23:14 “Three times a year you are to celebrate a festival to me. 15 “Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread; for seven days eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you. Do this at the appointed time in the month of Aviv, for in that month you came out of Egypt. “No one is to appear before me empty- handed.
  • 4. THE HALF-SHEKEL TAX Exodus 30:13 This is what each one who is registered shall give: half a shekel according to the shekel of the sanctuary (the shekel is twenty gerahs), half a shekel as an offering to the Lord. A requirement for Jews everywhere, whether or not they lived in the land of Israel, was to make an annual payment to support the Temple in Jerusalem. The Biblical amount of the payment was one-half shekel. As Josephus tells it:"And when Moses had gathered the multitude together again, he ordained that they should offer half a shekel for every man, as an oblation to God; which shekel is a piece among the Hebrews, and is equal to four Athenian drachmae." (Antiquities 3.8.2) Only one coin was acceptable to the Temple for the paying of the tax at the time of Josephus: this was the four-drachmae silver piece minted at the city of Tyre.
  • 5. DOVE OFFERING LEVITICUS 12:8 But if she cannot afford a lamb, she is to bring two doves or two young pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean.‘” LUKE 2:24 So they offered the sacrifice required in the law of the Lord--"either a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons."
  • 6. MATTHEW 21:12 Jesus entered the temple courts and drove out all who were buying and selling there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the benches of those selling doves.
  • 7. TRIAL OF JESUS MATTHEW 26:3 Then the chief priests and the elders of the people assembled in the palace of the high priest, whose name was Caiaphas, 4 and they schemed to arrest Jesus secretly and kill him. 5 “But not during the festival,” they said, “or there may be a riot among the people.” Then the men stepped forward, seized Jesus and arrested him. 51 With that, one of Jesus’ companions reached for his sword, drew it out and struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his ear. (LEVITICUS 21:16-18 16 The LORD said to Moses, 17 “Say to Aaron: ‘For the generations to come none of your descendants who has a defect may come near to offer the food of his God. 18 No man who has any defect may come near: no man who is blind or lame, disfigured or deformed; )
  • 8. Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 57 Those who had arrested Jesus took him to Caiaphas the high priest, where the teachers of the law and the elders had assembled. 58 But Peter followed him at a distance, right up to the courtyard of the high priest.He entered and sat down with the guards to see the outcome. 59 The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death. 60 But they did not find any, though many false witnesses came forward. Finally two came forward 61 and declared, “This fellow said, ‘I am able to destroy the temple of God and rebuild it in three days.’” 62 Then the high priest stood up and said to Jesus, “Are you not going to answer? What is this testimony that these men are bringing against you?” 63 But Jesus remained silent. The high priest said to him, “I charge you under oath by the living God: Tell us if you are the Messiah, the Son of God.” 64 “You have said so,” Jesus replied. “But I say to all of you: From now on you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven.”[e] 65 Then the high priest tore his clothes and said, “He has spoken blasphemy! Why do we need any more witnesses? Look, now you have heard the blasphemy. 66 What do you think?” “He is worthy of death,” they answered.
  • 9. PROBLEMS WITH THIS ACCOUNT 1 – THE HIGH PRIEST HAD NO STANDING AS AN OFFICIAL IN A JEWISH COURT. 2 – THE TERM “SANHEDRIN” HERE IS QUESTIONABLE – IT DID NOT LIKELY REFER TO THE SANHEDRIN 3 – JEWISH TRIALS CANNOT BE HELD AFTER SUNSET 4 – JEWISH TRIALS CANNOT TAKE PLACE ON A FESTIVAL 5 – NOTHING JESUS SAYS HERE IS BLASPHEMY UNDER JEWISH LAW 6 – “MESSIAH” DOES NOT REFER TO A DIVINE BEING UNTIL MUCH LATER IN CHRISTIAN HISTORY. WHAT “MESSIAH” MEANS IS EITHER A KOHEN OR A KING AND “KING” WAS THE ISSUE FOR THE ROMANS. (INRI IS = IESUS NAZARENUS REX IUDAEORUM = JESUS OF NAZARETH, KING OF THE JEWS) – THIS SIGN ON HIS CROSS WAS A STATEMENT OF HIS CRIME. CONCLUSION: THIS WAS A HEARING MEANT TO FIND A WAY TO HAVE THE ROMANS EXECUTE HIM.
  • 10. ACTS 5:33 When they heard this, they twere enraged and wanted to kill them. 34 But a Pharisee in the council named uGamaliel, va teacher of the law held in honor by all the people, stood up and gave orders to put the men outside for a little while. 35 And he said to them, “Men of Israel, take care what you are about to do with these men. 36 For wbefore these days Theudas rose up, xclaiming to be somebody, and a number of men, about four hundred, joined him. He was killed, and all who followed him were dispersed and came to nothing. 37 After him Judas the Galilean rose up in the days of ythe census and drew away some of the people after him. He too perished, and all who followed him were scattered. 38 So in the present case I tell you, keep away from these men and let them alone, for zif this plan or this undertaking is of man, it will fail; 39 but aif it is of God, you will not be able to overthrow them. You bmight even be found opposing God!” So they took his advice,
  • 11. Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai taught: “If you have a sapling in your hand and someone tells you the Messiah has arrived, first plant the sapling and then go out to welcome the Messiah” (Avot d’ Rabbi Natan B31).
  • 12. LUKE 23 1-2 Then they rose up in a body and took him off to Pilate and began their accusation in these words, “Here is this man whom we found corrupting our people, and telling them that it is wrong to pay taxes to Caesar, claiming that he himself is Christ, a king.” 3 But Pilate addressed his question to Jesus, “Are you the king of the Jews?” “Yes, I am,” he replied. 4 Then Pilate spoke to the chief priests and the crowd, “I find nothing criminal about this man.”
  • 13. Obviously, then, he has done nothing to deserve the death penalty. I propose, therefore, to teach him a sharp lesson and let him go.” 17-21 But they all yelled as one man, “Take this man away! We want Barabbas set free!” (Barabbas was a man who had been put in prison for causing a riot in the city and for murder.) But Pilate wanted to set Jesus free and he called out to them again, but they shouted back at him, “Crucify, crucify him!”
  • 14. Crucifixion was used to punish slaves, pirates, and enemies of the state. It was considered the most shameful and disgraceful way to die. Death was often hastened by human action. "The attending Roman guards could only leave the site after the victim had died, and were known to precipitate death by means of deliberate fracturing of the tibia and/or fibula, spear stab wounds into the heart, sharp blows to the front of the chest, or a smoking fire built at the foot of the cross to asphyxiate the victim."
  • 15. About three in the afternoon Jesus cried out in a loud voice, "Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?" (which means "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"). Psalm 22:1
  • 16. PSALM 22 25From you comes the theme of my praise in the great assembly; before those who fear youf I will fulfill my vows. 26The poor will eat and be satisfied; those who seek the LORD will praise him— may your hearts live forever! 27All the ends of the earth will remember and turn to the LORD, and all the families of the nations will bow down before him, 28for dominion belongs to the LORD and he rules over the nations. 29All the rich of the earth will feast and worship; all who go down to the dust will kneel before him— those who cannot keep themselves alive. 30Posterity will serve him; future generations will be told about the Lord. 31They will proclaim his righteousness, declaring to a people yet unborn: He has done it!
  • 17. Deuteronomy 21:23 the body must not remain hanging from the tree overnight. You must bury the body that same day, for anyone who is hung is cursed in the sight of God. In this way, you will prevent the defilement of the land the LORD your God is giving you as your special possession.