Global Concern about Climate Change
Support for Limiting Emissions Partisan Divisions Suggest Challenges Remain

November 5, 2015 2 Pew
Research Center • Established 1996 • Funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts • Non-profit, non-partisan fact tank in Washington • Survey topics: U.S. domestic politics and economic conditions, values, U.S. image abroad, global views toward major powers, terrorism, democracy, country conditions, aging, economy • Since 2002, we have surveyed in 85 countries, including 40 nations in 2015 • www.pewresearch.org www.pewresearch.org

November 5, 2015 3www.pewresearch.org Methodology
• Surveys conducted across 40 countries from March 25 to May 27, 2015, totaling 45,435 respondents • Based on nationally representative telephone and face-to-face interviews with adults 18 and older conducted under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates International • The margin of sampling error for the complete set of weighted data is ±2.8% - ±4.3%

KEY TAKEAWAYS November 5, 2015
4www.pewresearch.org

Brazilians Most Concerned about Climate
Change Chinese Least Worried November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 5 Global climate change is a very serious problem

Latin Americans, Sub-Saharan Africans More
Troubled by Climate Change than People in Other Regions November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 6 Note: Russia and Ukraine not included in Europe median. Asia-Pacific median includes China. Regional medians

Drought Tops Climate Change Concerns
across Regions November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 7 Note: Russia and Ukraine not included in Europe median. Regional medians of most concerning effects of global climate change

Global Public Support for Both
Personal and Policy Changes November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 8 Global medians on climate change solutions

Top Polluters Less Concerned about
Climate Change But Their Publics Still Willing to Limit Greenhouse Gas Emissions November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 9 Note: Data shown for top six CO2 emitting nations based on 2011 emissions data from the World Bank. Median is calculated from all 40 nations surveyed. 18% 45 76 33 45 55 54 71% 69 70 65 83 87 78 China U.S. India Russia Japan Germany GLOBAL MEDIAN Climate change is a very serious problem Support limiting greenhouse gas emissions as part of an int'l agreement

WIDESPREAD CONCERN ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING
November 5, 2015 10www.pewresearch.org

Intensity of Climate Change Concern
Varies Globally November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 11 Global climate change is a very serious problem

The Most and Least Concerned
Nations November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 12 Global climate change is a very serious problem 86% 79 77 76 76 75 Brazil Burkina Faso Chile India Uganda Peru 33% 29 29 24 19 18 Russia Ukraine Pakistan Israel Poland China Least Concern Greatest Concern

Some Publics Less Worried than
Five Years Ago, Others More November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 13 Global climate change is a very serious problem Note: Only statistically significant differences shown. 2010 2015 Change % % Turkey 74 37 -37 China 41 18 -23 South Korea 68 48 -20 Japan 58 45 -13 Poland 31 19 -12 Russia 43 33 -10 Argentina 66 59 -7 Indonesia 47 41 -6 Pakistan 22 29 +7 U.S. 37 45 +8 France 46 56 +10 Nigeria 43 61 +18

Concern about Personal Toll of
Climate Change Greatest in Latin America November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 14 Very concerned global climate change will harm me personally

Developing Nations Most Worried About
Personal Impact Advanced Nations Among Least Concerned November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 15 Very concerned global climate change will harm me personally 88% 78 77 75 73 69 Uganda Brazil Burkina Faso Philippines Ghana India 19% 18 18 15 15 15 UK Germany Australia Poland Israel China Least Personal Concern Greatest Personal Concern

BROAD SUPPORT FOR ACTION ON
CLIMATE CHANGE November 5, 2015 16www.pewresearch.org

Europeans Most Supportive of Limiting
Greenhouse Gas Emissions November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 17 Do you __ our country limiting greenhouse gas emissions as part of an international agreement? Note: Russia and Ukraine not included in Europe median. Global median is calculated from all 40 nations surveyed. 13% 11 10 13 17 24 12 87% 83 77 76 73 69 78 SupportOppose Europe Latin America Africa Asia/Pacific Middle East GLOBAL MEDIAN U.S.

Among Many Top Polluters, the
Young are the Strongest Supporters of Limiting Emissions November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 18 Support limiting country’s greenhouse gas emissions as part of an international agreement Note: All differences shown are statistically significant. 18-29 30-49 50+ Youngest- oldest gap % % % U.S. 85 69 60 +25 Poland 71 65 57 +14 France 95 85 84 +11 India 74 70 64 +10 Australia 84 83 75 +9

Majority Global Support for Rich
Countries Doing More November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 19 Should rich countries do more to address climate change than developing countries OR should developing countries do just as much as rich countries? Note: Russia and Ukraine not included in Europe median. Global median is calculated from all 40 nations surveyed. 29% 41 44 35 40 50 38 62% 56 51 50 42 40 54 Rich countries should do more Developing countries should do just as much Middle East Europe Latin America Africa Asia/Pacific GLOBAL MEDIAN U.S.

Generational Divide on Who Should
Do More to Address Climate Change November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 20 Rich countries should do more to address climate change than developing countries Note: All differences shown are statistically significant. 18-29 30-49 50+ Youngest- oldest gap % % % U.S. 51 42 34 +17 Japan 45 35 31 +14 Australia 55 55 45 +10 France 44 51 60 -16 Germany 47 56 65 -18

Majorities in Most Regions Believe
Major Lifestyle Changes Necessary November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 21 Do you think people will have to make major changes in the way they live to reduce the effects of climate change OR can technology solve the problem without major changes? 13% 21 23 21 23 34 22 83% 73 66 65 61 Make major lifestyle changes Technology can solve Latin America Europe U.S. Africa Middle East GLOBAL MEDIAN Asia/Pacific 48 67 Note: Russia and Ukraine not included in Europe median. Global median is calculated from all 40 nations surveyed.

Women, More than Men, Say
Personal Changes Necessary to Combat Global Warming November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 22 To reduce the effects of global climate change people will have to make major changes in the way they live Note: All differences shown are statistically significant. Women Men Diff % % U.S. 75 57 +18 Canada 81 66 +15 UK 74 60 +14 Australia 71 57 +14 Spain 83 71 +12 Germany 81 70 +11 South Korea 89 78 +11 Poland 53 44 +9 Ukraine 53 44 +9 France 86 80 +6

CLIMATE CHANGE IS DIVISIVE WITHIN
COUNTRIES November 5, 2015 23www.pewresearch.org

In Europe, U.S.: Deep Ideological
Divide on Climate Change Concern November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 24 Note: Statistically significant differences in bold. Global climate change is a very serious problem Global climate change is harming people now Left Right Left-Right Diff Left Right Left-Right Diff % % % % Italy 69 42 +27 74 64 +10 France 70 49 +21 71 50 +21 UK 53 34 +19 59 44 +15 Spain 60 46 +14 69 51 +18 Germany 58 57 +1 73 59 +14 Poland 16 18 -2 25 36 -11 Liberal Conservative Lib-Conserv Diff Liberal Conservative Lib-Conserv Diff % % % % U.S. 68 30 +38 59 32 +27

Stark U.S. Partisan Differences on
Climate Change November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 25

Significant Partisan Divides in Other
Major Economies November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 26

Significant Partisan Divides in Other
Major Economies November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 27

U.S. Relatively Less Concerned about
Climate Change, Less Willing to Take Action November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 28 45% 41 30 66 69 40 54% 51 40 67 78 54 U.S. Global Median Climate change is a very serious problem Climate change is harming people now Very concerned climate change will harm me personally Support limiting country's greenhouse gas emissions People will have to make major lifestyle changes to reduce the effects of climate change Rich countries should do more than developing countries to address climate change Note: U.S. included in global median.

In U.S.: Lower Income, Women,
Young More Concerned about Climate Change November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 29 Climate change is a very serious problem Climate change is harming people now Very concerned climate change will harm me personally % % % TOTAL 45 41 30 Men 39 36 23 Women 51 45 36 18-29 52 49 34 30-49 49 42 37 50+ 38 36 21 Lower income 49 42 37 Higher income 41 40 21 Protestant 34 33 26 Catholic 50 45 39 Unaffiliated 56 49 27

…Women and Young More Willing
to Do Something about It, Lower Income Maybe Not November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 30 People will have to make major lifestyle changes Support limiting country’s greenhouse gas emissions Rich countries should do more than developing countries % % % TOTAL 66 69 40 Men 57 65 38 Women 75 72 42 18-29 65 85 51 30-49 72 69 42 50+ 61 60 34 Lower income 66 70 39 Higher income 68 70 41

In UK: Public Less Concerned
about Climate Change Just as Willing as Rest of World to Do Something about It November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 31 41% 48 19 67 78 49 54% 51 40 67 78 54 UK Global Median Climate change is a very serious problem Climate change is harming people now Very concerned climate change will harm me personally Support limiting country's greenhouse gas emissions People will have to make major lifestyle changes to reduce the effects of climate change Rich countries should do more than developing countries to address climate change Note: UK included in global median.

British Women, Young and Labour
Supporters Most Concerned Global Warming Will Hurt Them Personally November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 32 Climate change is a very serious problem Climate change is harming people now Very concerned climate change will harm me personally % % % TOTAL 41 48 19 Men 38 50 16 Women 44 46 22 18-29 48 49 30 30-49 40 53 18 50+ 39 42 15 Conservative 28 37 11 Labour 47 51 19

… And Women, Labour Supporters
Want Rich Countries to Do More about Climate Change November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 33 People will have to make major lifestyle changes Support limiting country’s greenhouse gas emissions Rich countries should do more than developing countries % % % TOTAL 67 78 49 Men 60 77 45 Women 74 79 53 18-29 68 80 53 30-49 67 83 51 50+ 68 75 45 Conservatives 56 75 39 Labour 74 87 54

Germans Not That Worried Climate
Change Will Affect Them but Support Action to Slow Global Warming November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 34 55% 66 18 75 87 59 54% 51 40 67 78 54 Germany Global Median Climate change is a very serious problem Climate change is harming people now Very concerned climate change will harm me personally Support limiting country's greenhouse gas emissions People will have to make major lifestyle changes to reduce the effects of climate change Rich countries should do more than developing countries to address climate change Note: Germany included in global median.

In Germany, Women and Greens
Supporters Most Concerned about Climate Change November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 35 Climate change is a very serious problem Climate change is harming people now Very concerned climate change will harm me personally % % % TOTAL 55 66 18 Men 50 66 16 Women 60 65 20 18-29 52 68 20 30-49 56 63 23 50+ 56 66 14 CDU 43 62 13 SPD 62 67 17 Greens 75 86 27

Germans: Women, Greens Support Lifestyle
Changes to Address Climate Change; Greens, Older Generation Back Rich Countries Doing More November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 36 People will have to make major lifestyle changes Support limiting country’s greenhouse gas emissions Rich countries should do more than developing countries % % % TOTAL 75 87 59 Men 70 86 58 Women 81 87 61 18-29 70 89 47 30-49 78 83 56 50+ 75 88 65 CDU 68 89 57 SPD 82 85 53 Greens 89 94 78

Japanese Say Climate Change Is
Harming People Now and Want Limitations on Greenhouse Gas Emissions November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 37 45% 71 34 53 83 34 54% 51 40 67 78 54 Japan Global Median Climate change is a very serious problem Climate change is harming people now Very concerned climate change will harm me personally Support limiting country's greenhouse gas emissions People will have to make major lifestyle changes to reduce the effects of climate change Rich countries should do more than developing countries to address climate change Note: Japan included in global median.

In Japan, Older Generation More
Concerned about Climate Change November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 38 Climate change is a very serious problem Climate change is harming people now Very concerned climate change will harm me personally % % % TOTAL 45 71 34 Men 82 69 32 Women 88 73 35 18-29 29 61 27 30-49 38 74 32 50+ 52 73 36 Lower income 47 67 38 Higher income 43 75 30 Secondary 49 70 37 Post-secondary 40 73 29

… But Young and Old
Both Willing to Act, and Young More Likely to Say Rich Countries Should Do More to Address Climate Change November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 39 People will have to make major lifestyle changes Support limiting country’s greenhouse gas emissions Rich countries should do more than developing countries % % % TOTAL 53 83 34 Men 52 86 36 Women 54 80 32 18-29 48 83 45 30-49 52 85 35 50+ 54 82 31 Lower income 54 81 33 Higher income 53 87 36 Secondary 51 82 33 Post-secondary 57 86 36

French Concerned about Global Warming,
More Willing to Take Action November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 40 56% 59 35 83 86 54 54% 51 40 67 78 54 France Global Median Climate change is a very serious problem Climate change is harming people now Very concerned climate change will harm me personally Support limiting country's greenhouse gas emissions People will have to make major lifestyle changes to reduce the effects of climate change Rich countries should do more than developing countries to address climate change Note: France included in global median.

In France, Young and Higher
Income More Worried about Climate Change November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 41 Climate change is a very serious problem Climate change is harming people now Very concerned climate change will harm me personally % % % TOTAL 56 59 35 Men 58 60 35 Women 54 57 35 18-29 61 68 40 30-49 57 67 38 50+ 52 48 31 Lower income 51 52 36 Higher income 60 64 34

… But Younger Generation Less
Likely to Say Rich Countries Should Do More to Address Global Warming’s Effects November 5, 2015 www.pewresearch.org 42 People will have to make major lifestyle changes Support limiting country’s greenhouse gas emissions Rich countries should do more than developing countries % % % TOTAL 83 86 54 Men 80 87 50 Women 86 86 57 18-29 87 95 44 30-49 86 85 51 50+ 79 84 60 Lower income 82 83 56 Higher income 84 89 52

November 5, 2015 43 All
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