This PPT provides a brief introduction to APA style referencing

1. APA style referencing
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

2. Perhaps your reader will want to:
So they need to be able to see where you got
your information.
find out more
information
about the topic
check some of
your information
or evidence
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

3.  Also, as a writer you must
show that you have
read widely and
know the topic you
are writing about
not plagiarize.
Acknowledge the
authors you read
(this is a form of
respect and honesty)
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

4. In-text Citation
Used in the body of
your essay to show
where information
comes from
(Author, Date)
Reference List
At the end of your
essay
Full details of each
source
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

5. Citations (mentioning another author’s work or
ideas) make your essay stronger.
Integral citation
• included in the structure
of your sentence.
Non-integral citation
• appears outside the
structure of your sentence
(but before the full-stop).
This study demonstrated
that video games are a
source of stress relief
(Murray, 2011).
A study by Murray
(2011) demonstrated
that video games are a
source of stress relief.
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

6. •Use your own words (but don’t change the
original meaning) when you cite another
author. Otherwise, it’s plagiarism!
Paraphrase
•You can only use the exact words of
another person if you are quoting them and
use ‘…’.
Quote
•Don’t use too many quotations in your
essay. It’s your work that your teacher
wants to read.
But not too
much
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

7.  The reference list contains all the books,
articles, online sources and any other
material you used to write your essay.
 All the sources you mention in your essay
must be included in your reference list.
 This list shows the reader that you have read
a wide range of suitable sources so you are
well informed.
 This means they can believe you (i.e. you are
credible).
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

8.  What do you notice about the organisation
and appearance of this reference list?
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

9. References are
alphabetical
Second (and
additional) lines
are indented
The font is
Times New Roman
(Size 12)
Italics are used
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

10. •Use the organisation name
(i.e. BBC)
•Use Anonymous
No
author
•Use n.d. (no date)
No
date
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

11. Pollan, M. (2006). The
omnivore’s dilemma. New York,
NY: Penguin Group.
Surname
Initial
Publication
Date
Book Title
(in italics)
Place of
publication
Publishing
Company
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

12. Walsh, F. (2012). A History of
Teacups. Retrieved from
http://teacups.org
Surname
Initial
Publication
Date
Book Title
(in italics)
URL of online
book
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

13. Bent, H. (1959).
Professionalization of the
Ph.D. degree. The Journal of
Higher Education,
30(3), 140-145.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1
978286.
Surname Initial Publication
Date
Article Title
(no italics)
Page numbers
Journal
Volume
Journal Title
(in italics)
URL of online
article
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

14. Filippenko, Z. (2010, July 26).
New federal law may reduce
textbook prices for students.
The Daily Californian.
Retrieved from
http://www.dailycal.org
Surname
Initial
Publication
Date
Article Title
Newspaper
Title
URL of online
newspaper
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

15. UK Crime Stats (2014).
Crimes rates in England and
Wales. Retrieved from
https://www.ukcrimestats.com/
Organisation
name (no
author)
Publication
Date
Page Title
URL of online
newspaper
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai

16.  There are many rules.
 You don’t have to learn them all
Useful websites:
 https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource
/560/01/
 http://www.apastyle.org/learn/index.aspx
 http://citationmachine.net/index2.php
Develop EAP – Bolster & Levrai