1.
Ethics and Values
(BHUM1021)
Ar Pavithra Annadurai
Urban Designer
Asst. Professor, V-SPARC, VIT
Mail: pavithra.a@vit.ac.in

2.
SOCIAL ISSUES 2
Corruption: ethical values, causes, impact, laws,
prevention – electoral malpractices white collar
crimes – tax evasions – unfair trade practices
M O D U L E 3

3.
• “Misuse of resources or power for private gain”
• Sadly, Corruption is everywhwere right from, when a child is born- Starts with
birth certificate to school/college admission, Disparity in Jobs, getting elected
with numerous votes, health/ hospitals/ Institutions, to avail any services in
public sector, to get any legal documents, to file a complaint and so on- till death
certificate and sometimes even after death- a place in Crematorium, graveyards.
• “Quote a price to hold a piece of land for the dead”

4.
• A corrupt society stops valuing integrity, moral
principles
• Exploits resources
• Disturbs the economy
• Ethical values in general have drastically come down
and society has become permissive and accepts
corruption as “normal”
Corruption ETHICS

5.
Person
Organization
Institution
(POWER)
Common
person
Without
POWER
Misuse/ Violate
POWER
• Privilege
• Position of Authority
• Pretends superior
• Acts as, above the common person
• Withholds the source and opportunities
• (For personal gain)
• Right to live with dignity
• Not asking for a favour
• In need of some service
• Access to resources
SCENARIO
1

6.
Person
Organization
Institution
(POWER)
Common
person
Without
POWER
to get the service
earlier
BRIBE
• Misusing the Privilege
• Offering/ Promising/ accepting of
an backhander for an action which
is illegal or a breach of trust
• Unfair incentive for doing one’s
DUTY
• Inefficient in nature
• Gets unfair treatments
• Needs priority and access to the service in
prior
• To get their work in advance
• Does n’t care about the rest
• Seeks for a personal gain
Even if a person isn’t qualified enough for a job, he can quickly get it by spending money and giving bribes to
higher officials.
SCENARIO
2

7.
Person
Organization
Institution
(POWER)
Common
person
Without
POWER
to get rid of the guilt
BRIBE
• Setting the predator free
• Indirectly harming the victim
• Disowning one’s duty
• Withdrawned the commitment
from proving the fact
• Commits a mistake/ crime
• To avoid the penalty
• To escape from punishment
• To hide the truth
• Not prepared to face the consequences
SCENARIO
3

8.
“MAN IS A SOCIAL ANIMAL”
Egoistic
CREATURE
Human

9.
• Unlike the rest, Political Corruption is the most significant and more harmful.
• In legal terms, Political corruption or Mal Politics uses powers by government
officials (dishonest behaviour) their network contacts for illegitimate private
gain.
• This type is the most concerning one as it erodes the fundamental value of the
law that governs and regulates society.
• Creating a massive mess in the country as a whole.
• At the end, a common man who gets unnecessarily trapped in the dishonest
strategies of this game.
Person

10.
According to political ideology’s definition,
• Form of dishonesty/ criminal offence undertaken by a person or organization
entrusted with a position of authority, to acquire illicit benefit or abuse power
for one’s private gain.
• This is how people with power rules the world, thereby violating certain
people’s rights and privileges.

11.
Categories of corruption
Bribery
The act of dishonestly persuading someone to act in
one’s favour by a payment or other inducement.
Inducements can take the form of gifts, loans, fees,
rewards or other advantages (taxes, services,
donations, etc.).
The use of bribes can lead to collusion (e.g.
inspectors under-reporting offences in exchange for
bribes) and extortion.

12.
Embezzlement
• To steal, misdirect or misappropriate funds or assets placed in one’s trust or under one’s
control. From a legal point of view, embezzlement need not necessarily be or involve
corruption.
• Fraudulent taking of personal property by someone to whom it was entrusted. Most often
associated with the misappropriation of money.
• Embezzlement takes place when a person intentionally uses funds for a different purpose than
they were intended to be used.
• The embezzler has permission to handle an asset in a certain way, but not to take it.
• Embezzlers might create bills and receipts for activities that did not occur and then use the
money paid for personal expenses.

13.
Fraud
• The act of intentionally and dishonestly deceiving someone in order
to gain an unfair or illegal advantage (financial, political or otherwise).
• Eg., Online payments

14.
Collusion
An arrangement between two or more parties designed to achieve
an improper purpose, including influencing improperly the actions of
another party.
A secret agreement, especially in order to do something dishonest.
The drugs were brought into the country with the collusion of
customs officials.
The act of collusion involves people or companies which would
typically compete against one another, but who conspire to work
together to gain an unfair market advantage.
Several high tech firms agree not to hire each other's employees,
thereby keeping the cost of labor down.
Several high end watch companies agree to restrict their output into
the market in order to keep prices high.

15.
Extortion
The act of impairing or harming, or
threatening to impair or harm, directly or indirectly,
any party or the property of the party to influence
improperly the actions of a party.

16.
Patronage, clientelism and nepotism
• Patronage at its core means the support given by a patron.
• In government, it refers to the practice of appointing people
directly using your power or influence to give unfair
advantage to your family, especially by giving them jobs.
• Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or
financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on
another.
• In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that
kings, popes, and the wealthy have provided to artists such
as musicians, painters, and sculptors.
• A famous person who supports an organization such as a
charity and whose name is used in advertising it.

17.
Facilitation payment
• A small payment, also called a “speed” or “grease”
payment, made to secure or expedite the
performance of a routine or necessary action to which
the payer has legal or other entitlement.
• An example of a facilitation payment might be a
business paying a customs official to release held
goods.
• These held goods will generally be released anyway
after the completion of all relevant procedures, but if
the company wants them quickly, they may resort to
offering a facilitation payment.

18.
• It has come to a stage where you can’t do any work WITHOUT THE TOUCH OF
CORRUPTION.
• It became too normal and rupturing the society in the new terms as gifts,
complimentary, part of the work, other ways to do a duty, it is ok until you get your work
done.

19.
Causes of Corruption
• Greed of money
• Need for MORE
• Poverty
• Lack of values and ethics
• Lack of education
• High level of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structure
• Political instability
• Gender Inequality
• (Peer Pressure and misconceptions in the terms of Achievement, success, wealthy life, stuck in the
loop of illusion)
• Lack of honesty and integrity is also reflected among corrupt people.
• Lack of effective management and organization
• Lack of economic stability
• Lack of good control and vigilance
• Elections
• Lack of decent remuneration

20.
Never ending cycle
Corruption
Prominent
industrialists
fund
politicians
Bribery to
politicians gets to
influence
to meet the high
costs of elections
and ultimately
seek personal
favor
Bribery to
politicians gets to
influence, and
bribery by
politicians gets
votes.
To get elected,
politicians bribe
the poor and the
illiterate
Gets bribe to sell
their rights and
votes
(Free gifts)

21.
India is ranked at the 78th place out of 180 nation according to the Corruption Perceptions Index,2018,
reported by Transparency International.
Corruption at its peak