Pedagogy of MOOCs

The Pedagogy of MOOCs

University of Cape Town Seminar
17-Oct-2013

This presentation is based on my Pedagogy of MOOCs blog post at:
http://edtechfrontier.com/2013/05/11/the-pedagogy-of-moocs

with Paul Stacey
Associate Director of Global Learning
Creative Commons

Except where otherwise noted these materials
are licensed Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY)
Internet, Social Networking, Online Learning

Networked Teacher Diagram – Update by Alec Couros CC BY-NC-SA
Education Openness

Open Access

Open Source Software
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
2012

http://nyti.ms/TTn1E7

The MOOC! The Movie by Giulia Forsythe CC BY-NC-SA
The Pedagogy of MOOCs
How can you effectively teach thousands of
students simultaneously?
I’m fascinated by the contrast between post-secondary faculty and K-12 teacher contract
agreements that limit class size and the current emergent MOOC aim of having as many
enrollments as possible. What a dichotomy.

How well are MOOC’s doing at successfully
teaching students?
Based on MOOCs equally massive dropout rates having teaching and learning success
on a massive scale will require pedagogical innovation. It’s this innovation, more than
massive enrollments or free that I think make MOOC’s important.
Early MOOCs
2007
Alec Couros

http://eci831.ca/
Early MOOCs

2008 & 2009
George Siemens
Stephen Downes

http://www.elearnspace.org/blog/2008/10/30/connectivism-course-cck08/
Early MOOCs

2010
Stephen Downes
George Siemens
Dave Cormier
Rita Kop
http://connect.downes.ca/
Early MOOCs

http://scope.bccampus.ca/course/view.php?id=365

2011
George Siemens
Jon Dron
Dave Cormier
Sylvia Currie
Tanya Elias
Common Features of Early MOOCs
• Open to anyone to participate.
• Some of these early MOOC’s, taught by university
faculty, had tuition paying students taking the course
for university credit who were joined in the the same
class with non-tuition paying, non-credit students who
got to fully participate in a variety of non-formal ways.
Alec Couros pedagogically designed his graduate
course in a way that relies on the participation of noncredit students.
• Other early MOOC’s were solely offered as a form of
informal learning open to anyone for free without a
for-credit component.
• Openly licensed using Creative Commons licenses
Pedagogy of cMOOCs
• These early MOOCs, known as connectivist or
cMOOCs, focus on knowledge creation and
generation rather than knowledge duplication.
• In cMOOCs, the learners take a greater role in
shaping their learning experiences than in traditional
online courses.
• Four key characteristics - autonomy, diversity,
openness, and connectedness/interactivity
• Dave Cormier maps out the five steps to success in a
cMOOC – 1. Orient, 2. Declare, 3. Network, 4.
Cluster, 5. Focus.
• Faculty/facilitators focus on fostering a space for
learning connections to occur.
Pedagogy of cMOOCs
• PLENK2010 is an unusual course. It does not consist of
a body of content you are supposed to remember.
• The learning in the course results from the activities you
undertake, and will be different for each person.
• This course is not conducted in a single place or
environment. It is distributed across the web. We will
provide some facilities. But we expect your activities to
take place all over the internet. We will ask you to visit
other people’s web pages, and even to create some of
your own.
• This connectivist course is based on four
major types of activity –1. Aggregate,
2. Remix, 3. Repurpose, 4. Feed Forward.
http://connect.downes.ca/how.htm
Pedagogy of cMOOCs
• Learning happens within a
network
• Learners use digital platforms
such as blogs, wikis, social
media platforms to make
connections with content,
learning communities and
other learners to create and
construct knowledge.
• Participant blog posts, tweets
etc. are aggregated by
course organizers and shared
with all participants via daily
email, newsletter, forum,
RSS feed, …

My Twitter Social Ego Networks by David Rodrigues CC BY-NC-SA

Social Learning
In those early pioneering days
MOOCs were exciting for their
pedagogy!
Even the courses were about
innovative pedagogy – Social
Media & Open Education,
Connectivism, Personal Learning
Environments, Learning
Analytics, …
21st century Learner by Giulia Forsythe CC BY-NC-SA
• In 2011 MOOC’s migrated to the US with Jim Groom’s
DS106 Digital Storytelling at the University of Mary
Washington in Virginia.
• DS106 is a credit course at UMW, but you can also be an
“open participant“.
http://ds106.us
New Pedagogical Directions
• Rather than assignments
created by faculty, ds106
course assignments are
collectively created by
course participants over all
offerings of the course.
• The Assignment Bank is
online and anyone can
access it.
• Having course participants
collectively build course
assignments for use by
http://assignments.ds106.us
students in future classes is
a hugely significant
pedagogical innovation.
• ds106 is the first ever
online course with its own
radio station - ds106 radio
• The pedagogical potential
of a course radio station is
an exciting but relatively
unexplored opportunity.
http://ds106.us/ds106-radio
MOOCs Go Massive

• Fall of 2011 Stanford Engineering professors offered three
of the school’s most popular computer science courses for
free online as MOOCs – Machine Learning, Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence, and Introduction to Databases
• Introduction to Artificial Intelligence course offered free and
online to students worldwide from October 10th to
December 18th 2011 was the biggest surprise
• Taught by Sebastian Thrun and Peter Norvig this course
really was massive attracting 160,000 students from over
190 countries
https://www.ai-class.com
Stanford MOOC Pedagogy
• Pedagogically a step backward
• Watch video lecture recordings, read course
materials, complete assignments, take quizzes and
an exam
• Gone were the rich pedagogical innovations from
earlier MOOC’s
• Simply migrated campus-based didatic methods of
teaching to the online environment
• Absence of any effort to utilize the rich body of
research on how to teach online effectively
• While didactic, lecture based methods of teaching
have long been the mainstay of bricks and mortar
schools we know that this method of teaching does
not transfer well to online
https://www.udacity.com

• Sebastian Thrun leaves Stanford and raises venture
capital to launch Udacity
• Mission to bring accessible, affordable, engaging, and
highly effective higher education to the world.
Pedagogy of Udacity
• Udacity courses include lecture videos, quizzes and
homework assignments.
• Multiple short (~5 min.) video sections make up each
course unit.
• All Udacity courses are made up of distinct units = a
week’s worth of instruction and homework.
• Since Udacity enrollment is open, you can take as
long as you want to complete.
• Udacity courses include discussion forums and a wiki
for course notes, additional explanations, examples
and extra materials.
• Each course has an area where instructors can make
comments but the pedagogical emphasis is on selfstudy.
Pedagogy of Udacity
• Udacity courses do have an informal discussion
forum where students can post any ideas and
thoughts they have about the course, ask questions,
and receive feedback from other students
• Free participation is non-credit
• A few courses can be taken for credit (from California
institutions) for a fee
• Udacity offers job placement service in partnership
with various employers
https://www.edx.org/

• Late December 2011 MIT announced edX
• Aim of letting thousands of online learners take
laboratory-intensive courses, while assessing their
ability to work through complex problems, complete
projects, and write assignments.
• October 2013, 76 courses, 29 partners
Pedagogy of edX
• As with other MOOC style offerings edX students
won’t have interaction with faculty or earn credit
toward an MIT degree.
• For a small fee students can take an assessment
which, if successfully completed, will provide them
with a certificate from edX.
• EdX offers honor code certificates, ID verified
certificates, and XSeries certificates (successfully
completing a series of courses)
• edX platform used to conduct experiments on how
students learn and how faculty can best teach.
Assessing course data, from mouse clicks to time
spent on tasks, to evaluating how students respond
to various assessments.
Pedagogy of edX
• Initial edX aim was to improve teaching and learning
of tuition paying on-campus students. Have revised
aim to developing best practices to enhance the
student experience and improve teaching and
learning both on campus and online
• Pedagogy very similar to Udacity
• Regrettably the rich body of research about online
learning is not being used
• Focus of edX so far is not on pedagogy but on
engineering an open source MOOC platform
• April 2012 Stanford computer science professors
Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller launch Coursera as an
educational technology company offering MOOCs.
• Oct 2013 have 5,112,216 Courserians, 461 courses,
and 91 partners
Pedagogy of Coursera
• Video lectures, mastery learning, and peer assessment.
• Retrieval and testing for learning. Interaction = the video
frequently stops, and students are asked to answer a
simple question to test whether they are tracking the
material.
• Coursera provides university partners with a flipped
classroom. MOOC handles the lecture, course reading,
some assessment & peer-to-peer interaction for campusbased tuition paying students. On-campus activities
focused more on active learning & instructor help.
• Non-tuition paying open participants have no active
learning component. Students are tossed a tidbit of social
learning in the form of discussion forums.
MOOCs, Walled Gardens, Analytics and Network: Multi-generation pedagogical innovations by Giulia Forsythe CC BY-NC-SA

xMOOCs use objectivist and behaviourist methods of
teaching and learning.
Are MOOCs Really Open? MOOC or MOC?

No, all rights reserved.

Partial, CC BY-NC on some

No, non-OER license.
Yes, CC BY or CC BY-SA

No, all rights reserved.
Note: some institutions using CC anyway.

Most MOOCs are open only in the sense of free enrollment.
http://www.openeducationeuropa.eu/en/european_scoreboard_moocs
Recommendations for MOOC Pedagogy
• Learning is not just acquiring a body of knowledge and
skills. Learning happens through relationships.
• Online learning pedagogies can be incredibly social
even more so than campus-based courses - MOOCs
should use this long-standing practice
• The best online pedagogies are those that use the open
web and relationship to mine veins of knowledge,
expertise, and connections between students, between
students and the instructor, and between students and
others on the open web.
• Socio-constructivist and connectivist learning theories
acknowledge and embrace the social nature of learning.
• Use social learning including blogs, chat, discussion
forums, wikis, and group assignments.
Recommendations for MOOC Pedagogy
• Use peer-to-peer pedagogies over self study. We
know this improves learning outcomes. The cost of
enabling a network of peers is the same as that of
networking content – essentially zero.
• Be as open as possible. Use open pedagogies that
leverage the entire web not just the specific content
in the MOOC platform.
• Use OER and openly license your resources using
Creative Commons licenses in a way that allows
reuse, revision, remix, and redistribution.
• Leverage massive participation – have all students
contribute something that adds to or improves the
course overall.
Recommendations for UCT
• Organize an inter-disciplinary group/committee to
evaluate MOOC options and recommend a particular
MOOC provider/platform
• Define purpose of UCT doing MOOCs
• Design a UCT MOOC pedagogical strategy
• Initial MOOCs may come from academic areas
already engaged in online learning – commerce,
medicine, …
• Alternatively MOOCs could showcase courses that
highlight what makes UCT special and unique
Four Barriers That MOOCs Must
Overcome To Build a Sustainable Model

Phil Hill http://mfeldstein.com/four-barriers-that-moocs-must-overcome-to-become-sustainable-model

Need pedagogically based business models.
Special Issue on Massive Open Online Courses
http://jolt.merlot.org/currentissue.html

George Veletsianos http://hybrid-pedagogy.github.io/LearnerExperiencesInMOOCs
For more on the history of MOOCs, what is a MOOC, and
news on MOOCs see: http://www.mooc.ca
Paul Stacey
Q&A
Creative Commons
web site: http://creativecommons.org
e-mail: pstacey@creativecommons.org
blog: http://edtechfrontier.com
presentation slides: http://www.slideshare.net/Paul_Stacey
1 of 37

Recommended

Road to MOOCs (MOOCs Platforms & Pedagogy) - SWAYAM by
Road to MOOCs (MOOCs Platforms & Pedagogy) - SWAYAMRoad to MOOCs (MOOCs Platforms & Pedagogy) - SWAYAM
Road to MOOCs (MOOCs Platforms & Pedagogy) - SWAYAMThiyagu K
499 views66 slides
Massive Open Online Course ( MOOC ) by
Massive Open Online Course ( MOOC )Massive Open Online Course ( MOOC )
Massive Open Online Course ( MOOC )Mabusela M.G
707 views12 slides
Mooc presentation by
Mooc presentationMooc presentation
Mooc presentationMillicent Mtshali
1.4K views19 slides
Mooc by
MoocMooc
MoocUJ
2.7K views10 slides
Learning management system by
Learning management systemLearning management system
Learning management systemFatima Jose
8.4K views64 slides
Mooc presentation by
Mooc presentationMooc presentation
Mooc presentationDudrah Moyo
1.7K views12 slides

More Related Content

What's hot

Mooc in india by
Mooc in indiaMooc in india
Mooc in indiaSurbhi Sharma
451 views30 slides
Online education a new way of learning by
Online education a new way of learningOnline education a new way of learning
Online education a new way of learningHimanshu Gupta
3.7K views12 slides
Online education by
Online educationOnline education
Online educationIshita Gupta
8.6K views20 slides
The History of Distance Learning by
The History of Distance LearningThe History of Distance Learning
The History of Distance Learningdrchrisdavis
2.7K views17 slides
Introduction to SWAYAM by
Introduction to SWAYAMIntroduction to SWAYAM
Introduction to SWAYAMRajesh Timane, PhD
857 views12 slides
THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) IS A NEW WAY OF DISTNCE LEARNING AT THE... by
THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) IS A NEW WAY OF DISTNCE LEARNING AT THE...THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) IS A NEW WAY OF DISTNCE LEARNING AT THE...
THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) IS A NEW WAY OF DISTNCE LEARNING AT THE...Dr. Anjaiah Mothukuri
826 views17 slides

What's hot(20)

Online education a new way of learning by Himanshu Gupta
Online education a new way of learningOnline education a new way of learning
Online education a new way of learning
Himanshu Gupta3.7K views
The History of Distance Learning by drchrisdavis
The History of Distance LearningThe History of Distance Learning
The History of Distance Learning
drchrisdavis2.7K views
THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) IS A NEW WAY OF DISTNCE LEARNING AT THE... by Dr. Anjaiah Mothukuri
THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) IS A NEW WAY OF DISTNCE LEARNING AT THE...THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) IS A NEW WAY OF DISTNCE LEARNING AT THE...
THE MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) IS A NEW WAY OF DISTNCE LEARNING AT THE...
E learning management system by chrt222
E learning management systemE learning management system
E learning management system
chrt222952 views
E learning fundanemtals and standards by Nelly Kamel
E learning fundanemtals and standardsE learning fundanemtals and standards
E learning fundanemtals and standards
Nelly Kamel1.4K views
Aspects of online teaching and learning by KimRhyne
Aspects of online teaching and learningAspects of online teaching and learning
Aspects of online teaching and learning
KimRhyne3.7K views
Massive Open Online Course by Sarah Pineda
Massive Open Online CourseMassive Open Online Course
Massive Open Online Course
Sarah Pineda925 views
Assignment 7 trends in online education by evansth2
Assignment 7 trends in online educationAssignment 7 trends in online education
Assignment 7 trends in online education
evansth22.3K views
Online vs Traditional Learning by RanjithaS25
Online vs Traditional Learning Online vs Traditional Learning
Online vs Traditional Learning
RanjithaS251.5K views

Similar to Pedagogy of MOOCs

Pedagogy of MOOCs by
Pedagogy of MOOCsPedagogy of MOOCs
Pedagogy of MOOCsPaul_Stacey
4.6K views34 slides
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS by
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS PIYUSH SHARMA
453 views20 slides
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS by
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS PIYUSH SHARMA
1.8K views20 slides
Presentation mooc by
Presentation moocPresentation mooc
Presentation moocmoonjee
71 views28 slides
Multmedia presentation goodnight by
Multmedia presentation goodnightMultmedia presentation goodnight
Multmedia presentation goodnightLyn Goodnight
6.1K views19 slides
Multmediapresentationgoodnight 130817191838-phpapp01 by
Multmediapresentationgoodnight 130817191838-phpapp01Multmediapresentationgoodnight 130817191838-phpapp01
Multmediapresentationgoodnight 130817191838-phpapp01Siphelele
293 views19 slides

Similar to Pedagogy of MOOCs(20)

Pedagogy of MOOCs by Paul_Stacey
Pedagogy of MOOCsPedagogy of MOOCs
Pedagogy of MOOCs
Paul_Stacey4.6K views
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS by PIYUSH SHARMA
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS
PIYUSH SHARMA453 views
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS by PIYUSH SHARMA
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS
MoocS IN INDIA AND ITS PROSPECTIVE. GOALS
PIYUSH SHARMA1.8K views
Presentation mooc by moonjee
Presentation moocPresentation mooc
Presentation mooc
moonjee71 views
Multmedia presentation goodnight by Lyn Goodnight
Multmedia presentation goodnightMultmedia presentation goodnight
Multmedia presentation goodnight
Lyn Goodnight6.1K views
Multmediapresentationgoodnight 130817191838-phpapp01 by Siphelele
Multmediapresentationgoodnight 130817191838-phpapp01Multmediapresentationgoodnight 130817191838-phpapp01
Multmediapresentationgoodnight 130817191838-phpapp01
Siphelele 293 views
Week 3 presentation Salesman wiki by victoriahui
Week 3 presentation Salesman wiki Week 3 presentation Salesman wiki
Week 3 presentation Salesman wiki
victoriahui477 views
Week 3 presentation Salesman wiki final by victoriahui
Week 3 presentation Salesman wiki finalWeek 3 presentation Salesman wiki final
Week 3 presentation Salesman wiki final
victoriahui387 views
Developing World MOOCs - Wrap-up session by Andrew Deacon
Developing World MOOCs - Wrap-up sessionDeveloping World MOOCs - Wrap-up session
Developing World MOOCs - Wrap-up session
Andrew Deacon948 views
EDU O3 _e learning platforms by AnishmaLRaj
EDU O3 _e learning platformsEDU O3 _e learning platforms
EDU O3 _e learning platforms
AnishmaLRaj58 views
Open Education Week: Community College OER Innovation Panel by Una Daly
Open Education  Week: Community College OER Innovation PanelOpen Education  Week: Community College OER Innovation Panel
Open Education Week: Community College OER Innovation Panel
Una Daly1K views
Openness, Online Universities, Moocs and Beyond by Terry Anderson
Openness, Online Universities,  Moocs and BeyondOpenness, Online Universities,  Moocs and Beyond
Openness, Online Universities, Moocs and Beyond
Terry Anderson2K views

More from Paul_Stacey

Beyond Licensing - The social and economic aspects of building an open data c... by
Beyond Licensing - The social and economic aspects of building an open data c...Beyond Licensing - The social and economic aspects of building an open data c...
Beyond Licensing - The social and economic aspects of building an open data c...Paul_Stacey
1.1K views45 slides
Tu Delft Open Business Models by
Tu Delft Open Business ModelsTu Delft Open Business Models
Tu Delft Open Business ModelsPaul_Stacey
1.3K views24 slides
Creative Commons Certificates by
Creative Commons CertificatesCreative Commons Certificates
Creative Commons CertificatesPaul_Stacey
1.4K views16 slides
Made With Creative Commons by
Made With Creative CommonsMade With Creative Commons
Made With Creative CommonsPaul_Stacey
1.5K views25 slides
Made With Creative Commons - Open Business Models by
Made With Creative Commons - Open Business ModelsMade With Creative Commons - Open Business Models
Made With Creative Commons - Open Business ModelsPaul_Stacey
599 views24 slides
Creative Commons Open Business Models, Case Studies, & Findings by
Creative Commons Open Business Models, Case Studies, & FindingsCreative Commons Open Business Models, Case Studies, & Findings
Creative Commons Open Business Models, Case Studies, & FindingsPaul_Stacey
2.6K views51 slides

More from Paul_Stacey(20)

Beyond Licensing - The social and economic aspects of building an open data c... by Paul_Stacey
Beyond Licensing - The social and economic aspects of building an open data c...Beyond Licensing - The social and economic aspects of building an open data c...
Beyond Licensing - The social and economic aspects of building an open data c...
Paul_Stacey1.1K views
Tu Delft Open Business Models by Paul_Stacey
Tu Delft Open Business ModelsTu Delft Open Business Models
Tu Delft Open Business Models
Paul_Stacey1.3K views
Creative Commons Certificates by Paul_Stacey
Creative Commons CertificatesCreative Commons Certificates
Creative Commons Certificates
Paul_Stacey1.4K views
Made With Creative Commons by Paul_Stacey
Made With Creative CommonsMade With Creative Commons
Made With Creative Commons
Paul_Stacey1.5K views
Made With Creative Commons - Open Business Models by Paul_Stacey
Made With Creative Commons - Open Business ModelsMade With Creative Commons - Open Business Models
Made With Creative Commons - Open Business Models
Paul_Stacey599 views
Creative Commons Open Business Models, Case Studies, & Findings by Paul_Stacey
Creative Commons Open Business Models, Case Studies, & FindingsCreative Commons Open Business Models, Case Studies, & Findings
Creative Commons Open Business Models, Case Studies, & Findings
Paul_Stacey2.6K views
Creative Commons Global Summit 2015 - Open Business Models book and Business ... by Paul_Stacey
Creative Commons Global Summit 2015 - Open Business Models book and Business ...Creative Commons Global Summit 2015 - Open Business Models book and Business ...
Creative Commons Global Summit 2015 - Open Business Models book and Business ...
Paul_Stacey925 views
UPTEC Open Business Models Workshop by Paul_Stacey
UPTEC Open Business Models WorkshopUPTEC Open Business Models Workshop
UPTEC Open Business Models Workshop
Paul_Stacey769 views
TAACCCT To The Future by Paul_Stacey
TAACCCT To The FutureTAACCCT To The Future
TAACCCT To The Future
Paul_Stacey542 views
Open Business Models Workshop by Paul_Stacey
Open Business Models WorkshopOpen Business Models Workshop
Open Business Models Workshop
Paul_Stacey1.2K views
OERu OERu Regional Meeting & Open Business Models Workshop by Paul_Stacey
OERu OERu Regional Meeting & Open Business Models WorkshopOERu OERu Regional Meeting & Open Business Models Workshop
OERu OERu Regional Meeting & Open Business Models Workshop
Paul_Stacey399 views
UNESCO Implementing the Paris OER Declaration - Phase 2 by Paul_Stacey
UNESCO Implementing the Paris OER Declaration - Phase 2UNESCO Implementing the Paris OER Declaration - Phase 2
UNESCO Implementing the Paris OER Declaration - Phase 2
Paul_Stacey547 views
Bridging The Gap OER Workshop by Paul_Stacey
Bridging The Gap OER WorkshopBridging The Gap OER Workshop
Bridging The Gap OER Workshop
Paul_Stacey640 views
Large Scale OER - National Success Factors by Paul_Stacey
Large Scale OER - National Success FactorsLarge Scale OER - National Success Factors
Large Scale OER - National Success Factors
Paul_Stacey507 views
Sharing and Collaborative Culture in Education by Paul_Stacey
Sharing and Collaborative Culture in EducationSharing and Collaborative Culture in Education
Sharing and Collaborative Culture in Education
Paul_Stacey7.3K views
Education Innovations with Creative Commons - from OER, to Pedagogy, to Policy by Paul_Stacey
Education Innovations with Creative Commons - from OER, to Pedagogy, to PolicyEducation Innovations with Creative Commons - from OER, to Pedagogy, to Policy
Education Innovations with Creative Commons - from OER, to Pedagogy, to Policy
Paul_Stacey976 views
Sustainability Strategies for OER by Paul_Stacey
Sustainability Strategies for OERSustainability Strategies for OER
Sustainability Strategies for OER
Paul_Stacey957 views
BCcampus Open Textbook Workshop by Paul_Stacey
BCcampus Open Textbook WorkshopBCcampus Open Textbook Workshop
BCcampus Open Textbook Workshop
Paul_Stacey1.1K views
Using Multiple Means of Open to Solve Global Food Safety by Paul_Stacey
Using Multiple Means of Open to Solve Global Food SafetyUsing Multiple Means of Open to Solve Global Food Safety
Using Multiple Means of Open to Solve Global Food Safety
Paul_Stacey1.6K views

Recently uploaded

Payment Integration using Braintree Connector | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #37 by
Payment Integration using Braintree Connector | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #37Payment Integration using Braintree Connector | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #37
Payment Integration using Braintree Connector | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #37MysoreMuleSoftMeetup
50 views17 slides
ANGULARJS.pdf by
ANGULARJS.pdfANGULARJS.pdf
ANGULARJS.pdfArthyR3
51 views10 slides
JRN 362 - Lecture Twenty-Three (Epilogue) by
JRN 362 - Lecture Twenty-Three (Epilogue)JRN 362 - Lecture Twenty-Three (Epilogue)
JRN 362 - Lecture Twenty-Three (Epilogue)Rich Hanley
41 views57 slides
MercerJesse2.1Doc.pdf by
MercerJesse2.1Doc.pdfMercerJesse2.1Doc.pdf
MercerJesse2.1Doc.pdfjessemercerail
314 views5 slides
Six Sigma Concept by Sahil Srivastava.pptx by
Six Sigma Concept by Sahil Srivastava.pptxSix Sigma Concept by Sahil Srivastava.pptx
Six Sigma Concept by Sahil Srivastava.pptxSahil Srivastava
44 views11 slides
StudioX.pptx by
StudioX.pptxStudioX.pptx
StudioX.pptxNikhileshSathyavarap
101 views18 slides

Recently uploaded(20)

Payment Integration using Braintree Connector | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #37 by MysoreMuleSoftMeetup
Payment Integration using Braintree Connector | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #37Payment Integration using Braintree Connector | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #37
Payment Integration using Braintree Connector | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #37
ANGULARJS.pdf by ArthyR3
ANGULARJS.pdfANGULARJS.pdf
ANGULARJS.pdf
ArthyR351 views
JRN 362 - Lecture Twenty-Three (Epilogue) by Rich Hanley
JRN 362 - Lecture Twenty-Three (Epilogue)JRN 362 - Lecture Twenty-Three (Epilogue)
JRN 362 - Lecture Twenty-Three (Epilogue)
Rich Hanley41 views
Six Sigma Concept by Sahil Srivastava.pptx by Sahil Srivastava
Six Sigma Concept by Sahil Srivastava.pptxSix Sigma Concept by Sahil Srivastava.pptx
Six Sigma Concept by Sahil Srivastava.pptx
Sahil Srivastava44 views
Parts of Speech (1).pptx by mhkpreet001
Parts of Speech (1).pptxParts of Speech (1).pptx
Parts of Speech (1).pptx
mhkpreet00146 views
Nelson_RecordStore.pdf by BrynNelson5
Nelson_RecordStore.pdfNelson_RecordStore.pdf
Nelson_RecordStore.pdf
BrynNelson546 views
Retail Store Scavenger Hunt.pptx by jmurphy154
Retail Store Scavenger Hunt.pptxRetail Store Scavenger Hunt.pptx
Retail Store Scavenger Hunt.pptx
jmurphy15452 views
11.30.23A Poverty and Inequality in America.pptx by mary850239
11.30.23A Poverty and Inequality in America.pptx11.30.23A Poverty and Inequality in America.pptx
11.30.23A Poverty and Inequality in America.pptx
mary850239130 views
JQUERY.pdf by ArthyR3
JQUERY.pdfJQUERY.pdf
JQUERY.pdf
ArthyR3105 views
Education of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptx by GarimaBhati5
Education of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptxEducation of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptx
Education of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptx
GarimaBhati543 views
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE... by Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 11 THEO ĐƠN VỊ BÀI HỌC - CẢ NĂM - CÓ FILE NGHE (FRIE...

Pedagogy of MOOCs

  • 1. The Pedagogy of MOOCs University of Cape Town Seminar 17-Oct-2013 This presentation is based on my Pedagogy of MOOCs blog post at: http://edtechfrontier.com/2013/05/11/the-pedagogy-of-moocs with Paul Stacey Associate Director of Global Learning Creative Commons Except where otherwise noted these materials are licensed Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY)
  • 2. Internet, Social Networking, Online Learning Networked Teacher Diagram – Update by Alec Couros CC BY-NC-SA
  • 4. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) 2012 http://nyti.ms/TTn1E7 The MOOC! The Movie by Giulia Forsythe CC BY-NC-SA
  • 5. The Pedagogy of MOOCs How can you effectively teach thousands of students simultaneously? I’m fascinated by the contrast between post-secondary faculty and K-12 teacher contract agreements that limit class size and the current emergent MOOC aim of having as many enrollments as possible. What a dichotomy. How well are MOOC’s doing at successfully teaching students? Based on MOOCs equally massive dropout rates having teaching and learning success on a massive scale will require pedagogical innovation. It’s this innovation, more than massive enrollments or free that I think make MOOC’s important.
  • 7. Early MOOCs 2008 & 2009 George Siemens Stephen Downes http://www.elearnspace.org/blog/2008/10/30/connectivism-course-cck08/
  • 8. Early MOOCs 2010 Stephen Downes George Siemens Dave Cormier Rita Kop http://connect.downes.ca/
  • 10. Common Features of Early MOOCs • Open to anyone to participate. • Some of these early MOOC’s, taught by university faculty, had tuition paying students taking the course for university credit who were joined in the the same class with non-tuition paying, non-credit students who got to fully participate in a variety of non-formal ways. Alec Couros pedagogically designed his graduate course in a way that relies on the participation of noncredit students. • Other early MOOC’s were solely offered as a form of informal learning open to anyone for free without a for-credit component. • Openly licensed using Creative Commons licenses
  • 11. Pedagogy of cMOOCs • These early MOOCs, known as connectivist or cMOOCs, focus on knowledge creation and generation rather than knowledge duplication. • In cMOOCs, the learners take a greater role in shaping their learning experiences than in traditional online courses. • Four key characteristics - autonomy, diversity, openness, and connectedness/interactivity • Dave Cormier maps out the five steps to success in a cMOOC – 1. Orient, 2. Declare, 3. Network, 4. Cluster, 5. Focus. • Faculty/facilitators focus on fostering a space for learning connections to occur.
  • 12. Pedagogy of cMOOCs • PLENK2010 is an unusual course. It does not consist of a body of content you are supposed to remember. • The learning in the course results from the activities you undertake, and will be different for each person. • This course is not conducted in a single place or environment. It is distributed across the web. We will provide some facilities. But we expect your activities to take place all over the internet. We will ask you to visit other people’s web pages, and even to create some of your own. • This connectivist course is based on four major types of activity –1. Aggregate, 2. Remix, 3. Repurpose, 4. Feed Forward. http://connect.downes.ca/how.htm
  • 13. Pedagogy of cMOOCs • Learning happens within a network • Learners use digital platforms such as blogs, wikis, social media platforms to make connections with content, learning communities and other learners to create and construct knowledge. • Participant blog posts, tweets etc. are aggregated by course organizers and shared with all participants via daily email, newsletter, forum, RSS feed, … My Twitter Social Ego Networks by David Rodrigues CC BY-NC-SA Social Learning
  • 14. In those early pioneering days MOOCs were exciting for their pedagogy! Even the courses were about innovative pedagogy – Social Media & Open Education, Connectivism, Personal Learning Environments, Learning Analytics, … 21st century Learner by Giulia Forsythe CC BY-NC-SA
  • 15. • In 2011 MOOC’s migrated to the US with Jim Groom’s DS106 Digital Storytelling at the University of Mary Washington in Virginia. • DS106 is a credit course at UMW, but you can also be an “open participant“. http://ds106.us
  • 16. New Pedagogical Directions • Rather than assignments created by faculty, ds106 course assignments are collectively created by course participants over all offerings of the course. • The Assignment Bank is online and anyone can access it. • Having course participants collectively build course assignments for use by http://assignments.ds106.us students in future classes is a hugely significant pedagogical innovation.
  • 17. • ds106 is the first ever online course with its own radio station - ds106 radio • The pedagogical potential of a course radio station is an exciting but relatively unexplored opportunity. http://ds106.us/ds106-radio
  • 18. MOOCs Go Massive • Fall of 2011 Stanford Engineering professors offered three of the school’s most popular computer science courses for free online as MOOCs – Machine Learning, Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, and Introduction to Databases • Introduction to Artificial Intelligence course offered free and online to students worldwide from October 10th to December 18th 2011 was the biggest surprise • Taught by Sebastian Thrun and Peter Norvig this course really was massive attracting 160,000 students from over 190 countries https://www.ai-class.com
  • 19. Stanford MOOC Pedagogy • Pedagogically a step backward • Watch video lecture recordings, read course materials, complete assignments, take quizzes and an exam • Gone were the rich pedagogical innovations from earlier MOOC’s • Simply migrated campus-based didatic methods of teaching to the online environment • Absence of any effort to utilize the rich body of research on how to teach online effectively • While didactic, lecture based methods of teaching have long been the mainstay of bricks and mortar schools we know that this method of teaching does not transfer well to online
  • 20. https://www.udacity.com • Sebastian Thrun leaves Stanford and raises venture capital to launch Udacity • Mission to bring accessible, affordable, engaging, and highly effective higher education to the world.
  • 21. Pedagogy of Udacity • Udacity courses include lecture videos, quizzes and homework assignments. • Multiple short (~5 min.) video sections make up each course unit. • All Udacity courses are made up of distinct units = a week’s worth of instruction and homework. • Since Udacity enrollment is open, you can take as long as you want to complete. • Udacity courses include discussion forums and a wiki for course notes, additional explanations, examples and extra materials. • Each course has an area where instructors can make comments but the pedagogical emphasis is on selfstudy.
  • 22. Pedagogy of Udacity • Udacity courses do have an informal discussion forum where students can post any ideas and thoughts they have about the course, ask questions, and receive feedback from other students • Free participation is non-credit • A few courses can be taken for credit (from California institutions) for a fee • Udacity offers job placement service in partnership with various employers
  • 23. https://www.edx.org/ • Late December 2011 MIT announced edX • Aim of letting thousands of online learners take laboratory-intensive courses, while assessing their ability to work through complex problems, complete projects, and write assignments. • October 2013, 76 courses, 29 partners
  • 24. Pedagogy of edX • As with other MOOC style offerings edX students won’t have interaction with faculty or earn credit toward an MIT degree. • For a small fee students can take an assessment which, if successfully completed, will provide them with a certificate from edX. • EdX offers honor code certificates, ID verified certificates, and XSeries certificates (successfully completing a series of courses) • edX platform used to conduct experiments on how students learn and how faculty can best teach. Assessing course data, from mouse clicks to time spent on tasks, to evaluating how students respond to various assessments.
  • 25. Pedagogy of edX • Initial edX aim was to improve teaching and learning of tuition paying on-campus students. Have revised aim to developing best practices to enhance the student experience and improve teaching and learning both on campus and online • Pedagogy very similar to Udacity • Regrettably the rich body of research about online learning is not being used • Focus of edX so far is not on pedagogy but on engineering an open source MOOC platform
  • 26. • April 2012 Stanford computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller launch Coursera as an educational technology company offering MOOCs. • Oct 2013 have 5,112,216 Courserians, 461 courses, and 91 partners
  • 27. Pedagogy of Coursera • Video lectures, mastery learning, and peer assessment. • Retrieval and testing for learning. Interaction = the video frequently stops, and students are asked to answer a simple question to test whether they are tracking the material. • Coursera provides university partners with a flipped classroom. MOOC handles the lecture, course reading, some assessment & peer-to-peer interaction for campusbased tuition paying students. On-campus activities focused more on active learning & instructor help. • Non-tuition paying open participants have no active learning component. Students are tossed a tidbit of social learning in the form of discussion forums.
  • 28. MOOCs, Walled Gardens, Analytics and Network: Multi-generation pedagogical innovations by Giulia Forsythe CC BY-NC-SA xMOOCs use objectivist and behaviourist methods of teaching and learning.
  • 29. Are MOOCs Really Open? MOOC or MOC? No, all rights reserved. Partial, CC BY-NC on some No, non-OER license. Yes, CC BY or CC BY-SA No, all rights reserved. Note: some institutions using CC anyway. Most MOOCs are open only in the sense of free enrollment.
  • 31. Recommendations for MOOC Pedagogy • Learning is not just acquiring a body of knowledge and skills. Learning happens through relationships. • Online learning pedagogies can be incredibly social even more so than campus-based courses - MOOCs should use this long-standing practice • The best online pedagogies are those that use the open web and relationship to mine veins of knowledge, expertise, and connections between students, between students and the instructor, and between students and others on the open web. • Socio-constructivist and connectivist learning theories acknowledge and embrace the social nature of learning. • Use social learning including blogs, chat, discussion forums, wikis, and group assignments.
  • 32. Recommendations for MOOC Pedagogy • Use peer-to-peer pedagogies over self study. We know this improves learning outcomes. The cost of enabling a network of peers is the same as that of networking content – essentially zero. • Be as open as possible. Use open pedagogies that leverage the entire web not just the specific content in the MOOC platform. • Use OER and openly license your resources using Creative Commons licenses in a way that allows reuse, revision, remix, and redistribution. • Leverage massive participation – have all students contribute something that adds to or improves the course overall.
  • 33. Recommendations for UCT • Organize an inter-disciplinary group/committee to evaluate MOOC options and recommend a particular MOOC provider/platform • Define purpose of UCT doing MOOCs • Design a UCT MOOC pedagogical strategy • Initial MOOCs may come from academic areas already engaged in online learning – commerce, medicine, … • Alternatively MOOCs could showcase courses that highlight what makes UCT special and unique
  • 34. Four Barriers That MOOCs Must Overcome To Build a Sustainable Model Phil Hill http://mfeldstein.com/four-barriers-that-moocs-must-overcome-to-become-sustainable-model Need pedagogically based business models.
  • 35. Special Issue on Massive Open Online Courses http://jolt.merlot.org/currentissue.html George Veletsianos http://hybrid-pedagogy.github.io/LearnerExperiencesInMOOCs
  • 36. For more on the history of MOOCs, what is a MOOC, and news on MOOCs see: http://www.mooc.ca
  • 37. Paul Stacey Q&A Creative Commons web site: http://creativecommons.org e-mail: pstacey@creativecommons.org blog: http://edtechfrontier.com presentation slides: http://www.slideshare.net/Paul_Stacey