The document discusses Earth's energy sources. It states that all of Earth's energy originally comes from the Sun in the form of light, heat, and solar radiation. It further explains that non-renewable resources like coal, oil, and natural gas get their energy from the Sun and are found in limited supplies, unlike renewable resources such as solar, wind, water, and geothermal which are naturally replenished. The document also addresses topics like the carbon economy, smart energy grids, social aspects of alternative energy, and global energy programs.

1. EARTH’S ENERGY SOURCES
EARTH’S ENERGY SOURCE
The energy available to us here on Earth comes from the Sun in one way or another.
The Sun's radiation provides the light and heat needed for life on Earth. Most of the
energy we capture for use on Earth originates in the nuclear reactions powering our
Sun. Coal, oil, natural gas, biomass, and even the wind and hydropower we harness to
generate electricity, originally derive their energy content from the Sun.
EEARTH’S ENERGY SOURCESARTH’S ENERGY SOURCES
WWORLD’S APPETITE FOR ENERGYORLD’S APPETITE FOR ENERGY
NONRENEWABLENONRENEWABLE OROR RENEWABLERENEWABLE RESOURCESRESOURCES
OIL AND SUN’S ENERGY STORED IN THE EARTHOIL AND SUN’S ENERGY STORED IN THE EARTH
CARBON ECONOMYCARBON ECONOMY
SMART ENERGY GRIDSMART ENERGY GRID
SSOCIAL ASPECTS OF ALTENATIVE ENERGYOCIAL ASPECTS OF ALTENATIVE ENERGY
ENERGY PROGRAMS IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITYENERGY PROGRAMS IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY
By PAUL MACHUMUBy PAUL MACHUMU

2. WWORLD’S APPETITE FOR ENERGYORLD’S APPETITE FOR ENERGY
Americans consume about 100 quadrillion British thermal
units yearly.
(An engine burning 8 billion gallons [30 billion l] of
gasoline produces about 1 quadrillion [1015] British
ttermal unity of energy; 1 British thermal unity equals the
energy released in burning one wooden match.)
 The United States consumes more energy than it
produces, so it must import the difference.
Electric power production uses the biggest portion, about
40 percent, of all energy used in the United States.
Transportation consumes 28.5 percent of the country’s
energy use, industry uses 21.1 percent, and residential and
commercial buildings use 10.4 percent .
The countries that in the past decade have consistently
used the most energy per capita per year are the following:
Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Luxembourg, Canada,
and the United States.
The United States (as a nation) consumes more than 21
percent of all the energy consumed globally; China is the
next biggest consumer at 15 percent.

3. World Energy Demand

4. NONRENEWABLE OR RENEWABLE RESOURCES
There are nine major areas of energy resources. They fall into two categories: nonrenewableThere are nine major areas of energy resources. They fall into two categories: nonrenewable
and renewable.and renewable.
Nonrenewable energy resources, are like coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas, are available inNonrenewable energy resources, are like coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas, are available in
limited supplies. This is usually due to the long time it takes for them to be replenished.limited supplies. This is usually due to the long time it takes for them to be replenished.
Renewable resources are replenished naturally and over relatively short periods of time. TheRenewable resources are replenished naturally and over relatively short periods of time. The
five major renewable energy resources are solar, wind, water (hydro), biomass, andfive major renewable energy resources are solar, wind, water (hydro), biomass, and
geothermal.geothermal.

5. Renewable technologies may be either modern advances
in energy generation or ancient technologies that some
parts of the world continue to use.
Solar, water, and wind energy plus the burning of organic
wastes together account for energy consumption in the
United States and about otherworldwide.
Many renewable energy sources do not produce usable
energy directly, and equipment must convert one type of
energy into anotherform. Eexample, the energy contained in wind turns a turbine, which powers
a generator that makes electricity.
This means we have to look for a betterness way
,technologically that can sustain in a proper way without
producing negative effects in the world .
√√Our renewable energy resources

6. OIL AND SUN’S ENERGY STORED IN THE EARTH
The energy stored in the Earth’s crude oil originally came from the Sun.
Devod (2013: 21 ) Crude oil is a complex mixture consisting of 200 or more
different organiccompounds, mostly alkanes (single bond hydrocarbons on the
form CnH2n+2) and smaller fraction aromatics (six-ring molecules such as
benzene C6H6).
The petroleum industry extracts crude oil out of the ground and then refines it
into products such as gasoline.
Oil refineries clean up crude oil by heating it to drive off the impurities. This
heating step to purify a liquid is called distillation. Light, volatile (easily
vaporized) materials such as gases leave crude oil first, and the least volatile
components, such as asphalt, remain in the mixture the longest.
Refineries recover the following components from crude oil, listed from the
most to the least volatile: gases, gasoline, aviation fuel, heating oil, diesel oil,
naptha solvents, greases, lubricants, waxes, and asphalt. Refineries further
distill some of the components to collect specific chemicals called
petrochemicals. Petrochemicals currently go into the production of the
following materials: organic solvents, pesticides, plastics, synthetic fibers,aints,
and some medicines.

7. CRUDE OIL EXTRACTION AND REFINING

8. CARBON ECONOMY
Is an economy based on low carbon power sources that therefore has a minimal output of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions into the environment biosphere, but specifically refers to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.
•Carbon economics represents a manner of keeping track of beneficial forms of carbon as
•an energy storage material
•and harmful forms of carbon greenhouse gases.
This consists of buying or selling carbon units, called carbon offsets, on a world trading
market, similar to how stocks are bought and sold on the New York Stock Exchange.
 What are benefits, profits of selling and buying carbon?
 It creates jobs(employment)
 development among countries
Is it helping to remove or it accelerating greenhouse gas?
First, carbon in the form of the gases carbon dioxide or methane makes up part of the
atmosphere’s greenhouse gases.
Second, carbon compounds given off in the combustion of fossil fuels combine with
other elements in the atmosphere to form acids that lead to acid rain. Acid rain has had
very damaging effects on plant and tree health and the normal chemical conditions in
the ocean.

9. SMART ENERGY GRID
A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users
connected to it – generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to efficiently deliver
sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.
• A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures
including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficiency
resources.[
Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of
electricity are important aspects of the smart grid.
• Smart energy grids improve on conventional energy distribution in two ways.
• First, smart energy grids maximize the use of alternative energy sources that supply electricity
without causing the environmental harm associated with dams and coal burning. Large power
plants and thousands of miles of power lines can be eliminated by the use of smart energy
grids.
• Second, smart energy grids can be designed to eliminate or minimize waste by allowing a type
of two-way flow of electricity. These grids make it easier for consumers to pay for what they
use rather than what they take.
• A smart energy grid is made up of two main components: a power plant and a computerized
system that constantly monitors electricity usage. Future smart grids will likely use renewable
energy sources. The computerized monitoring system keeps tabs on the times and locations
• of highest electricity use and can redirect power at any moment fromlow-use locations to high-
use locations.

10. SMART ENERGY GRID

11. SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ALTENATIVE ENERGY
• Sustainable energy
• Reducing home expenditure
• Improving safety and security
• Excellent lighting for reading
and work night
• Reducing overall CO2
emmission
• Reducing usage of battaries
and disiel generators
• Reducing indoor pollution
• Reducing import costs of
soral powered products
• Enabling distributors to
generate revenue with
renewable products
• End users save money and
can invest in local products
and services

12. ENERGY PROGRAMS IN THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY
• The Global Energy Network Institute has been
working since 1986 to help design a global system for
distributing energy.
• This plan requires large investments in money and
time plus commitment among nations.
• Also a global energy network requires leaders gather
energy experts to work on specific phases of building
such a network.
• The International Electricity Association presents
an update on the world’s energy usage and
production, regions with overconsumption, and
offers ideas for future energy management where
recent observations on global energy shows that:
• All current energy trends are not sustainable,
• Oil will likely remain the leading energy source,
• Oil fields have declined, so undiscovered oil reserves
will be needed to sustain current consumption,
• Countries must cooperate on holding the average
global temperature rise to 3.6°F (2°C), Arresting
current global temperature rise requires lowering
emissions in both industrialized and
nonindustrialized regions”.

13. CONCLUSION
• Technology
should take a way
to save and make
the real world to
be the real place
to live by making
sustainability of
renewable
sources.