Climate change-induced economic impacts on tourism destinations:
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Climate change-induced economic impacts on tourism destinations: the case of Australia
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Climate change-induced economic impacts on tourism destinations:
- 1. Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 449–473
- 2. Figure 1. Case study destinations within Australian continent. Source: http://www.australia.com
- 3. Tourism in Australia • $68 billion to GDP • 853,000 = 8.3% Total employment [directly & indirectly] • 70% Domestic & 25% International= Regional & Rural • 2.6% Tourists arrivals increase p/a • 6.2% Outbound tourism increase p/a • 74% Domestic tourism • The 200o Sydney Olympics Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 451 Source: http://www.australia.com
- 4. Climate change + Tourism • ¾ of its CO2 - tourism transport sector • 4.95% of Global emissions Climate • Affect the demand of tourism • Determinates the suitability of locations • Directly affects the environmental resources for tourism Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 452 Source: http://www.australia.com
- 5. Economic Model Development The Garnaut Review CGE [Computable General Equilibrium] economics IO [input – output] = Net effects in the economy TERM* [The Enormous Regional Model] & The STCRC [Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Center] *Includes: industries, household sector, government, investment & overseas export. Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 453
- 6. Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 454
- 7. Figure 3. Domestic Sourcing Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 455
- 8. Figure 5. Simulation procedure. Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 457
- 9. Simulation Results Percentage change as an annual average growth figure & Percentage point change deviation from benchmarks Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 461
- 10. Figure 7. Movements of real average wages (average annual percentage). Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 462
- 11. Figure 8. Compositional changes of national GDP components (average annual percentage). Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 462
- 12. Figure 9. GDPandGRP projections of tourism and non-tourism regions 2005–2020 (average p.a.%). Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 463
- 13. Figure 10. Comparison of climate change impacts and its induced tourism impacts on regions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 464
- 14. Figure 11. Net GRP impact of the induced tourism reduction for 2005–2020 (percentage point deviation). Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 465
- 15. Consequences Tourism demand reductions Job losses Lower wage incomes [or increasing inequality] Further costs on the society Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 467
- 16. What can help? Domestic tourism Awareness of the government Policies to facilitate the transition Investment in climate change adaptation Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 18, No. 3, April 2010, 467