1.
The convergence of diet composition
will remain limited
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2017-19 2029 2017-19 2029 2017-19 2029 2017-19 2029 2017-19 2029
World High Income Upper Middle
Income
Lower Middle
Income
Low Income
kcal/day/person
Staples Animal products Fats Sweeteners Other

2.
Per capita consumption of main food groups
(protein equivalent), by income group
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2017-19 2029 2017-19 2029 2017-19 2029 2017-19 2029 2017-19 2029
World High Income Upper Middle
Income
Lower Middle
Income
Low Income
g/day/person
Staples Animal products Other

3.
Limited change in the structure of
commodity demand
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
Maize Other
coarse
grains
Rice Wheat Oilseeds
and
products
Pulses Roots
and
tubers
Meat Dairy Fish Sugar
Mt
Food Feed Fuel Other uses
Crushing of oilseeds is not reported as the uses of 'vegetable oil' and 'protein meal' are included in the total; Dairy refers
to all dairy products in milk solid equivalent units; Sugar biofuel use refers to sugarcane and sugarbeet, converted into
sugar equivalent units.

4.
Population growth
main driver of demand growth
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
2010-19
2020-29
2010-19
2020-29
2010-19
2020-29
2010-19
2020-29
2010-19
2020-29
2010-19
2020-29
Cereals Meat Fish Fresh dairy Sugar Vegetable oil
%
Due to per capita demand growth (food & other uses) Due to population growth

5.
Limited growth
in demand for biofuel feedstock
(share of biofuel feedstock in total use)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
2017-19
2029
Cereals Maize Wheat Other
coarse
grains
Sugarcane Vegetable
oil
Molasses Roots and
tubers
%

6.
Growth in crop production
mostly come from higher yields
-120
-60
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2010-19
2020-29
2010-19
2020-29
2010-19
2020-29
2010-19
2020-29
2010-19
2020-29
2010-19
2020-29
Asia Pacific Sub-Saharan
Africa
Near East and
North Africa
Europe and
Central Asia
North America Latin America
Mha%
Growth in land use Growth in multi-cropped land
Growth in yields Area harvested in 2029 (right axis)

7.
Livestock production will grow faster than
animal numbers, as feed use grow
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Production
Animalnumbers
Production
Animalnumbers
Production
Animalnumbers
Production
Animalnumbers
Production
Animalnumbers
Pasture
Feed
Poultry Pigmeat Sheepmeat Beef and veal Milk Inputs
Annual growth 2020-29 Annual growth 2010-19% p.a.

8.
Aquaculture is on track to overtake
capture fisheries globally
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024 2029
Mt
Aquaculture Total capture Capture for human consumption

9.
Livestock will be responsible for 80% of
additional direct GHG emissions
-1
1
3
5
7
9
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Total Ruminants Other
livestock
Synthetic
fertiliser
Rice
cultivation
Other
%Gt Co2-eq
2017-19 2029 Total growth 2017-19 to 2029 (right axis)

10.
Agricultural output will grow faster than
direct GHG emissions, 2020 to 2029
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Asia Pacific Sub-Saharan
Africa
Near East
and North
Africa
Europe and
Central Asia
North
America
Latin America
and
Caribbean
% p.a.
Growth in agricultural production Growth in GHG emissions

11.
Trade specialisation between regions
increasing over time
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028
bln USD
Latin America and the Caribbean
North America
Europe and Central Asia
Sub Saharan Africa
Asia Pacific
Near East and North Africa

12.
Trade is essential for global food security
(Imports as a share of total calorie availability)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Asia Pacific Sub-Saharan
Africa
Near East
and North
Africa
Europe and
Central Asia
North
America
Latin America
and
Caribbean
World
%
2007-09 2017-19 2029

13.
Exports are critical to livelihoods in many
countries
(% dependency on foreign markets)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
New
Zealand
Paraguay Norway Canada Australia Argentina Ukraine Brazil
%
2007-09 2017-19 2029

14.
Projected evolution of FAO Food Price Index
0
50
100
150
200
250
Index 2002-
04=100
FAO Food Price Index (nominal) FAO Food Price Index (real)

15.
Projections are consistent with long-term
trends… but volatility is always possible
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028
Index (2019=100)
Soybeans Maize Beef Pork