1.
Trust in national government is low
“Do you have confidence in national government?”
Confidence in national government in 2015 and its change since 2007
Source: Gallup World Poll

2.
Direct public funding to political parties

3.
Banned private contributions by sources
Types of banned private contributions
Which private funding sources are prohibited?

4.
Top 20 US campaign donations from foreign-owned firms in 2012
PAC name Country of origin Total
1 UBS Americas Switzerland USD 861 500
2 Anheuser-Busch Belgium USD 806 381
3 BAE Systems (BAE Systems) UK USD 747 000
4 AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals (AstraZeneca PLO) UK USD 640 452
5 GlaxoSmithKline UK USD 521 250
6 Credit Suisse Securities Switzerland USD 519 000
7 T-Mobile USA Germany USD 473 500
8 Bayer Corp Germany USD 470 000
9 Experian UK USD 426 000
10 BASF Corp Germany USD 411 500
11 DRS Technologies Italy USD 405 300
12 Novartis Corp (Novatis AG) Switzerland USD 330 200
13 Sprint Corp (Sprint Nextel) Japan USD 312 306
14 Accenture (Accenture) Ireland USD 304 500
15 Siemens Corp Germany USD 290 000
16 Ace INA Switzerland USD 281 500
17 Rolls-Royce North America UK USD 272 250
18 Genentech Inc (Roche Holdings) Switzerland USD 269 500
19 Syngenta Corp Switzerland USD 255 000
20 Compass Bancshares Spain USD 249 500
Does globalisation undermine foreign funding regulations?
Many multinational firms are deeply integrated with domestic political system

5.
Disclosure of the identity of donors:
Transparency or privacy?

6.
Spending limits for candidates and political parties in OECD countries
Spending limits on campaign expenditures

7.
What types of integrity package exist?
Countries with a central unit responsible for
monitoring the conflict of interest policies
Specific conflict of interest policy for particular
categories of public officials

8.
How is oversight organised?
Do they have a clear mandate, legal power and capacity?

9.
Do sanctions for infringements of
regulation work?
Introduction of civil sanctions

10.
Financing Democracy: a public good?
• Evidence base: supporting policy debates with
data and good practices
• Focus on implementation and compliance with
regulations
• Apply a broader integrity framework to the
regulation of political finance