Analysis of the contextual factors for developing national OER policy Hye-Kyung YANG KERIS Republic of Korea

Contents 1. Rationale and Background 2. Research Outline 3. National OER Framework 4. Application of case countries 5. Conclusion and the way forward

Rationale and background An exploratory study of developing a national OER Policy framework

ICT development stage : ISI- DOI Regions DOI less than 0.50 DOI more than 0.50 Arab States 15 4 Central Asia 9 - Central & Eastern Europe 7 13 East Asia & the Pacific 15 7 Latin America & the Caribbean 24 9 North America & Western Europe - 23 South & West Asia 8 - Sub-Saharan Africa 42 1 Total number of countries 120 57

GER in tertiary education Regions GER≤ 15% 15% <GER≤30% 30% <GER≤45% 45% <GER≤65% GER >65% Arab States 4 7 5 2 - Central Asia 1 3 2 2 - Central & Eastern Europe - 2 6 3 7 East Asia & the Pacific 5 6 2 2 3 LA & C 6 9 7 2 2 NA & WE 2 - 2 9 9 South & West Asia 6 1 - - - Sub-Saharan Africa 30 2 - - - Total number of countries 54 30 24 20 21

GER and ISI-DOI

GER and ISI-DOI Group 1 : higher GER > 65% and lower DOI<0.50 CEE (Ukraine) Group 2 : higher GER > 65% and higher DOI >= 0.50 CEE (Russian Federation, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Hungary, Estonia) EA&P (New Zealand, Korea, Australia) LA & C (Argentina) NA&WE (Italy, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, USA, Greece, Finland, Monaco, Iceland) Group 3 : lower GER < 65% and lower DOI < 0.50 AS (14), CEE (4), CA (8) EA & P (10), LA & C (19) SWA (6), SSA (31) Group 4 : lower GER < 65% and higher DOI >= 0.50 AS (Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Bahrain) CEE (Turkey, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Czech, Poland) EA & P (Japan, Brunei, Macao, Malaysia) LA & C (Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, Chile) NA & WE (Malta, Switzerland, Austria, France, Portugal, Israel, Ireland, UK, Netherlands , Belgium, Luxembourg, Cyprus) SSA (Mauritius)

Contextual Factors and OER policy Category Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 GER High High Low Low DOI Low High Low High OER policy options Access of OER Quality of HE Equity of OER Quality of HE Access of OER HE expansion Equity of OER HE expansion OER policy components Infrastructure QA Legal-Framework Organization-Structure QA Interoperability Sustainability Infrastructure Organization- Structure Organization- Structure Interoperability

Policy Issues and OER Components OECD UNESCO/IIEP KERIS this study Promote lifelong learning Issue guidelines Policies Awareness raising Policy Organizational -Structure Capacity Development HRD Digital learning resources Quality Assurance Accessibility Infrastructure Quality -Assurance Infrastructure Educational- Content Copyright legislation Copyright Legal -Framework Open access Open content license Funding Financing, Sustainability Sustainability Public-private partnerships Open content standards Standardization Information -Service Interoperability

OER Components and Contextual Factors Contextual Factors Lower DOI Higher DOI Lower GER Higher GER Infrastructure -Build backbone network -Rural area ICT penetration -Community learning centers -Price policy for education -Broadband development -Upgrade infrastructure -Technical support - - Organizational Structure -OER policy with national e-strategy -PPP - OER policy with distance learning - Legal Framework - - - -Copyright guideline -Open license policy Quality Assurance - - - -Quality guidelines -online peer review Sustainability - Public funding mechanism - Public funding mechanism Interoperability - -National OER repository -Open Source S/W -National standard - -

Policy Framework and case countries Countries India Netherlands Korea Contextual factors Lower DOI & Lower GER Higher DOI & Lower GER Higher DOI & Higher GER Sector-policy Factors Access & Equity Excellence Excellence Quality OER Components Infrastructure Organization Structure Interoperability Organization Structure Sustainability Legal framework Interoperability Quality Assurance Organization Structure Interoperability Quality Assurance Sustainability Major emphasis of OER policy Expand network Build OER partnership Standard Platform Leadership of OUNL Business Model Competitive Prize National Standard Copyright Guidelines Business Model