1.
Geographical
Information System
(GIS)
BASIC LEARNING
NOOR BALOCH

2.
I. Introduction to GIS
 Definition: A GIS is a computer-based system for capturing, storing,
analyzing, and managing data and associated attributes which are spatially
referenced to the earth.
 Uses: GIS is used in many industries, including government, transportation,
environment, and others, for decision-making, planning, and management
purposes.

3.
II. Components of GIS
 Data: The most important component of GIS is the data. It includes both
geographical and non-geographical data.
 Hardware: GIS requires specialized hardware, including computers, servers,
and storage systems.
 Software: There are many different GIS software programs available,
including ArcGIS, QGIS, and others.
 People: GIS requires skilled professionals, including GIS analysts,
cartographers, and geospatial data scientists, to create, maintain, and use
the system.

4.
III. GIS Data Types
 Vector data: Vector data represents geographical features as points, lines,
and polyggon shapes.
 Raster data: Raster data represents geographical features as a grid of cells,
where each cell has a value representing a feature.
 Attribute data: Attribute data is the non-geographical information
associated with geographical features, such as population, income, and
others.

5.
IV. GIS Analysis
 Spatial analysis: Spatial analysis is the process of analyzing geographical
data to uncover patterns and relationships.
 Query: Query is a method for extracting data from a GIS based on user-
defined conditions.
 Map production: Map production is the process of creating maps using GIS
data.

6.
V. Conclusion
 GIS is a powerful tool for understanding and managing the world around
us.
 GIS helps us make informed decisions by providing a visual representation
of data and allowing us to analyze it.
 GIS is used in many different industries and has a wide range of
applications.