DAPS

MILITARY
GOVERNMENT AND
DICTATORIAL
GOVERNMENT

MILITARY GOVNT AND
DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
A. Military Government
- where political power is directly
exercised and wielded by
military leaders.

MILITARY GOVNT AND
DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
A. Military Government
- American: 1st establish a military
government in Phil during Filipino-
American war.
- Japanese: set up a military govnt
during their initial occupation of
country in world War 2.

MILITARY GOVNT AND
DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
A. Dictorial Government
- one person holds political powers with military
and political party performing
a support role.
- the country was under dictatorship of Pres.
Ferdinand Marcos from 1972-1981 (9years), who
described dictorial administration as just
'authoritarianism‘ (strict obedience)

MILITARY
GOVERNMENT
DISTINGUISED
FROM MARTIAL
LAW

MILITARY GOVERNMENT
DISTINGUISED FROM MARTIAL LAW
- law that has application when armed forces
(military and police) are called upon by the
president to help government execute lawless
violence, invasion or rebellion.
- it does not supersede(replace) civilian authority
and there are constitutional restriction on its
imposition.
Martial Law

MILITARY GOVERNMENT
DISTINGUISED FROM MARTIAL LAW
supreme powers are vested in
top military commanders.
Military Government

HISTORICAL
EVOLUTION OF THE
PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT

- political unit
- composed of 30-100 families
- derived from Malay word: Balangay,
meaning boat
- it is a monarchy ruled by chieftain
called Datu, Hari or Rajah.
- considered as 'village state' for having
elements of statehood.
1. Pre-Spanish Government
Barangay

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
- had great powers
- he was chief executive & chief justice
of the barangay.
- in time of war, he was Supreme
Commander of the barangay forces.
1. Pre-Spanish Government
Chieftain

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
- consulted with village elders, about political
alliance with other barangay, or declaration
of war with an enemy.
- couldn't make judicial decision w/o
approval of elders on certain crime.
1. Pre-Spanish Government
Datu

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
a ritual that concluded treaty
of friendship and alliance with
each other.
1. Pre-Spanish Government
Sanduguan (blood compact)

HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
caused by among others:
maltreatment or murder of a
member of one barangay by
another, rape or abduction of
wives and women.
1. Pre-Spanish Government
Baranganic wars

PRE-SPANISH
LAWS

PRE-SPANISH LAWS
- tribal customs & traditions
handed down from
generation to generation.
Oral laws

PRE-SPANISH LAWS
- earliest examples of written laws
- proposed law from Datu and
approved by elders would be
announced to the barangay inhabitant
by a crier (Omalohocan)
Maragtas Code

SPANISH
POLITICAL
SYSTEM

SPANISH
POLITICAL
SYSTEM
- colony was administered
by Council of Indies

SPANISH POLITICAL SYSTEM
Mexico was separated from Spain, Phil then
directly administered from Spain
in 1821
in 1863
another body was created: Ministry of
Colonies (Ministerio Del Ultramar)

CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT

CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT
- guided by Spanish authorities by
their experience in Central and South
America, organized a centralized
system of
government in Philippines.

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
- appointed by King of Spain.
Governor or Captain General
Governor-General
- held tremendous powers that he was the
'little king' in colony.
- The King bestowed the cumplase: his
right as governor to suspend operation of
royal decree.

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
had right to nominate priest to
ecclesiastical position
Vice Royal Patron

JUDICIAL
SYSTEM

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
- create in 1955
- serve as Supreme Court or court of last
appeal for civil and criminal cases.
Royal Audiencia
Actos Acordados
- laws enacted upon agreement between
members of Royal Audiencia &
Governor-General.

The Provincial
and Municipal
Governments:

The Provincial and
Municipal Governments:
Alcadias - a province that is pacified
and that’s already recognizing
Spanish Rule
Alcalde Mayor
- provincial governor
1. Provincial

The Provincial and Municipal Governments:
Governor-General
- vested him with executive and
judicial powers.
- received low salary because of
Indulto de Comercio
(privilege of provincial Governor to
engage in trade)
1. Provincial

The Provincial and
Municipal Governments:
Corregimientos
- unpacified regions
- headed by Corregidor
(usually military officer)
1. Provincial

The Provincial and Municipal Governments:
- under provincial government
- Town/Pueblo: compose of
barrios (villages)
- headed by Gobernadorcilla
(little governor)
2. Municipal Government

The Provincial and Municipal Governments:
- addressed as Capitan, Capitana
(for wife).
- elected by 13 electors
- 6: former Cabezas De Barangay
- 6: incumbent cabezas de barangay
- 13th: outgoing capitan
2. Municipal Government
Gobernadorcillo:

The Provincial and
Municipal Governments:
each divided barrios are under a
Cabeza de Barangay that does not
receive any salary. But given a part of
tax from his barangay. Considered as
member of Principalia
(aristocratic class).
2. Municipal Government

FRAILOCRAPHY
(Quasi-Theocratic
Colonial Govnt)

FRAILOCRAPHY
(Quasi-Theocratic
Colonial Govnt)
- practiced by almost all
absolute monarchial states

FRAILOCRAPHY
(Quasi-Theocratic Colonial Govnt)
- had spawn in colony
- meaning rule of the friars.
Frailocracy

FRAILOCRAPHY
(Quasi-Theocratic Colonial Govnt)
- became very influential and so
powerful that Spanish civil
authorities feared them.
- since friars are found in each town,
they became ruler of political unit
became supervisor of local elections
Friar-Curates

3. MALOLOS REPUBLIC
- arrived at Cavite in 1989 to resume
revolution
- had first with him a draft of Constitution
prepared by Mariano Ponce for creation of
Revolutionary Government.
- on May 24 1898, thru a decree Aguinaldo
established a Dictorial Government.
A. AGUINALDO’S DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
Aguinaldo

3. MALOLOS REPUBLIC
- the government was only temporary in
nature and was to last until "peace and
liberty be attained"
- 1st official acts of Dictorial Government
was Aguinaldo’s circular on May 29 1898,
human treatment of Spanish prisoners
A. AGUINALDO’S DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
Aguinaldo

3. MALOLOS REPUBLIC
- Most important achievement of
Dictorial government
- declaration of Phil.
Independence on June 12 1898 at
Kawit (Cavite ek viejo)
A. AGUINALDO’S DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT
Aguinaldo

3. MALOLOS REPUBLIC
- exactly after 10 days after
declaration for Phil.
Independence,
- Aguinaldo advice Apolinario
Mabini, degree or
Revolutionary Government
B. The Revolutionary Government

3. MALOLOS REPUBLIC
1. Dept. of Foreign Affairs
2. Dept. of Finance
3. Dept. of Interior and
Dept. of justice.
B. The Revolutionary Government
4 departments

3. MALOLOS REPUBLIC
-1st cabinet of Revolutionary Government
- C omposed by:
B. The Revolutionary Government
July 15, 1898
a. Baldomero Aguinaldo
b. Mariano Trias
c. Leandro Ibarra
d. Apolinario Mabini

3. MALOLOS REPUBLIC
- Dictorial government provided for
reorganization of local government
in province already liberated for
Spanish control
B. The Revolutionary Government
July 18 1898

Malolos
Congress

MALOLOS CONGRESS
- On Sept. 15, 1898 Malolos congress
was inagurated at Barasaoin
- Aguinaldo extolled people’s patriotism
and inform delegate for their historical
task in writing a constitution.

MALOLOS CONGRESS
- Among significant achievement of
Malolos Congress:
1. Ratification of Phil Independence
2. Promulgation of Malolos
constituion that ushered the
birth of 1st Phil. Republic

Malolos
Constitution

Malolos Constitution
Feli Calderon - headed a committee
compose of 19 members to draft
constitution.
Constitutional plans: Mabini Paterno,
& Calderon were submitted to
committee for study and deliberation.
finally approved on Jan21, 1899.

Malolos Constitution
"popular, representative & responsible":
provided for democratic state
with government.
July 23 1899 - 1st republic of Asia;
inaugurated in festive ceremony at
Barasoain Church, took his oath of
office as Pres. of 1st Phil Republic.

AMERICAN
COLONIAL
GOV’T

AMERICAN COLONIAL GOV’T
Gen. Wesley Merritt
- commander of American forces
- issued proclamation addressed to
Filipino people, announcing military
occupation in Manila
- 1st military governor
A. Military Government

AMERICAN COLONIAL GOV’T
August 14, 1898
- American military rule in Phil. Begun
with General Merritt as 1st Military
governor.
- Military rule lasted only 3 years from
1898 to 1901.
A. Military Government

AMERICAN COLONIAL GOV’T
Spooner Amendment
- a 'rider' to US Army appropriations bill
(w/c Pres. of US full power in
administering Phil and signaledthe
replacement of military government in
colony by civil regime.
B. Civil Government

AMERICAN COLONIAL GOV’T
a. Rebellion
b. Espionage
c. Causing damage on roads,
waterways &
communications
d. Stealing arms and
ammunitions
B. Civil Government
General Homma listed 17 Acts Punishable
by Death, includes:
E . Murder
f. Robbery
g. Arson
h. Counterfeiting
i. Aiding a person who
violated martial law

JAPANESE-
SPONSORED
CONSTITUTION AND
SECOND PHIL.
REPUBLIC

JAPANESE-SPONSORED CONSTITUTION
AND SECOND PHIL. REPUBLIC
- Japanese authorities order this creation
- Jose P
. Laurel: headed the commission with
1st & 2nd Vice Chairmen:
a. Ramon Avancena
b. Benigno Aquino Sr.
Preparatory Commission for Phil. Independence

JAPANESE-SPONSORED CONSTITUTION
AND SECOND PHIL. REPUBLIC
- Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa
Bagong Pilipinas
- Chapters in provinces & cities
chose 54 delegates
KALIBAPI

JAPANESE-SPONSORED CONSTITUTION
AND SECOND PHIL. REPUBLIC
The 1943 Japanese - sponsored
constitution establish Republic of
Phil with 3 branch of govt.