2. What is IR
(Image guided surgery/surgical radiology)
• Intervention means “ an action or process of interfering” so IR in
medical practice means interfering of Radiology in diagnostic
and/or therapeutic procedures.
• Definition: It is a medical subspeciality that performs various
minimally invasive procedures using medical imaging guidance
such as X Ray fluoroscopy, CT scan, MRI, or ultrasonogram
3. History of IR
• In 1953 Swedish doctor Svenlvar Seldinger introduced Seldinger
technique which laid down the foundation of IR.
• In 1963, Charles Dotter first proposed the idea of IR (The father of
IR)
• In 1964, Charles Dotter done percutaneous angioplasty through
accidental operation.
• Endovascular stent was proposed in 1969.
• Percutaneous coronary angioplasty is applied in 1977.
• TIPSS started from 1986.
Charlse Dotter
4. Common elements for IR
• Puncture needle
• Guide wire
• Sheath
• Catheters
• Medical imaging machine
X-ray fluoroscopy
CT scan
MRI
USG
5.
6. Prerequisite
• Informed consent
• Investigations
Platelet > 60,000/cm
INR < 1.5
Renal function test
• Fasting: fasting for 2 hours
• IV access & hydration
• Parenteral Antibiotics
15. Pain Management
• Joint and local injections
Facet joints
Sacroiliac joints
Epidural space
Selective nerve root injection
• Chronic pelvic pain
• Palliative care
• Nerve block/ablations
16. Bone and spine
Leg arteries
Blocked arteries
Internal Bleeding
Targeted cancer
treatment
Dialysis
Blocked bile ducts
Aortic aneurysms
Blood clots
Blood vessel
malformations
Fibroids
Varicose veins
Blocked
kidneys
IR treat many conditions.......
Here are just a few
17. Scope of Interventional Radiology
Blood Vessel
Bleeding control Many other treatments
Cancer
18. BLOOD VESSELS
Treats blood vessels from 2 mm to 30 mm
Narrowed blood vessels are stretched (Angioplasty) to
improve blood flow
Blocked blood vessels can be internally reopened in many
cases
Treatment of aneurysms (abnormal bulges in vessels).
19. Unblocking arteries
Blocked arm artery (Arrow)
causing pain and arm weakness
Treated by internally
unblocking the artery and
placing a stent
Major surgery avoided. Total
treatment time of one hour
20. Aortic Aneurysm
Abnormal bulge (aneurysm) of the main artery
in the abdomen
Risk of rupture and major bleeding
Treated by internally relining the artery
(Endovascular aneurysm repair-EVAR)
Major surgery avoided. Total treatment time of
90 minutes
21. BLEEDING INTO BOWEL
Severe bleeding into the large
bowel (arrow)
Treated with selective Blockage of
the bleeding Artery
Emergency surgery avoided
22. CANCER
Treatment
• Thermal destruction of small
cancers using image guided
needles
• Targeted chemotherapy into
blood vessels supplying the
tumour
Symptom relief
• Stent insertion into the bowel for relief
of obstruction
• Insertion of lines for delivery of
chemotherapy and nutrition
23. CANCER TREATMENT
Small cancer lesion in the liver (arrow)
in a patient with previously treated
cancer
Image guided thermal destruction
Surgery and chemotherapy avoided.
Treatment time of 60 minutes.
50. Take home
massage
(Points to write in
SAQ)
• What is IR
• History
• Types of IR
• Common elements
• Scope of IR
• Prerequisite
• Complications
• Benefits
• Conclusion