Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Land Stewardship Plans: Activities andAdaptation concepts
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Slides from the 2016 Land Trust Rally session on adaptation concepts and examples.
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Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Land Stewardship Plans: Activities andAdaptation concepts
- 1. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Land Stewardship Plans Land Trust Rally Friday, October 28, 2016
- 2. What to expect 1) What are projected climate changes and how will they affect ecosystems across the U.S. and Canada?
- 3. What to expect 2) How can you apply all of this information to your work? • Priorities will depend on your goals for your properties. • Adaptation might not look that different from what you’re already doing. • We can work with uncertainty!
- 4. Welcome! Please tell us: • Your name • Where you work • Your [Icebreaker TBD]
- 5. Considerations for Meeting Land Stewardship Objectives Activity #1
- 7. How might climate change alter your land stewardship goals and activities? Activity #1 • New challenges? • New opportunities?
- 8. Responding to Climate Change: An Overview of Adaptation Concepts
- 9. Two Questions 1. How might climate change affect the resources that I work to protect? 2. What actions could help prepare for those effects?
- 11. Uncertainty and Risk Design actions that are robust across a range of potential future conditions
- 12. A2A1BB1 CSIRO MIROC HAD Plan for a Range Least Projected Change Most Projected Change CSIRO (A1B) HAD (A1B) MIROC (A1B) MIROC (A2) Change in Mean Monthly Temperature (°C) 2070-2099 vs 1961-1990
- 13. Adaptation is the adjustment of systems in response to climate change. Ecosystem-based adaptation activities build on the sustainable management, conservation, and restoration.
- 14. Adaptation Options Manage for Persistence: Ecosystems are still recognizable as being the same system (character) Resistance Transition (Response) Resilience Manage for Change: Ecosystems have fundamentally changed to something different
- 15. Resistance (persistence) Improve the defenses of the ecosystem against effects of change. • Short-term • High-value Millar et al. 2007 Photo: USFS
- 17. Desired Future TIME Climate Change Trajectory ? Resistance (persistence) Increasing resources needed to maintain desired conditions Higher risk
- 18. Resilience (persistence) Accommodate some degree of change or disruption, but be able to return to a similar condition after disturbance Holling 1973, Millar et al. 2007 Photo: USFS Thinning stands to improve overall health & vigor Management of vegetation following disturbance
- 19. TIME Climate Change Trajectory ? Resilience (persistence) Increasing resources needed to maintain desired conditions Higher risk
- 20. Transition (change) Intentionally encourage change, help ecosystems respond in a targeted fashion Millar et al. 2007 • Foster future-adapted native species • Managed relocation/assisted migration • Increased connectivity for migration • Manage refugia
- 22. Option Strategy Approach Tactic CONCEPT ACTION Resistance TransitionResilience Manage for Persistence: Ecosystems are still recognizable as being the same system Manage for Change: Ecosystems have fundamentally changed to something different. Adaptation Strategies and Approaches
- 23. Forest Adaptation Resources Adaptation Workbook Strategies & Approaches Menu of adaptation actions Swanston et al. 2016; www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/52760 • Structured process to integrate climate change considerations into management Workbook approach
- 24. Forest Adaptation Resources • 10 strategies, 40 approaches • Result of literature review & expert feedback and review • Provides a “menu” of possible actions to chose from based upon your needs Strategies & Approaches Menu of adaptation actions Swanston et al. 2016; www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/52760
- 25. Adaptation Strategies & Approaches Management Goals & Objectives Climate Change Impacts Intent of Adaptation (Option) Make Idea Specific (Strategy, Approach) Action to Implement (Tactic) Challenges & Opportunities Why it’s important: Helps connect the dots from broad concepts to specific actions for implementation.
- 26. Adaptation Strategies and Approaches Sustain fundamental ecological functions CONCEPT ACTION STRATEGIES APROACHES TACTICS Option: Resistance (forestall change)
- 27. Adaptation Strategies and Approaches Maintain or restore hydrology CONCEPT ACTION STRATEGIES APROACHES TACTICS
- 28. Adaptation Strategies and Approaches CONCEPT ACTION STRATEGIES APROACHES TACTICS Use water control structures to maintain key wetland habitats
- 29. Adaptation Strategies and Approaches CONCEPT ACTION STRATEGIES APROACHES TACTICS Plant future- adapted species (e.g., oak) on south-facing slopes
- 30. Adaptation Strategies and Approaches Emphasize drought- and heat-tolerant species & populations CONCEPT ACTION STRATEGIES APROACHES TACTICS
- 31. Adaptation Strategies and Approaches Facilitate community adjustments through species transitions CONCEPT ACTION STRATEGIES APROACHES TACTICS Option: Transition (facilitate change)
- 32. Swanston et al. 2016; www.adaptationworkbook.org Adaptation Workbook A structured process to integrate climate change considerations into management planning and activities 1. DEFINE area of interest, management objectives, and time frames. 2. ASSESS climate change impacts and vulnerabilities for the area of interest. 3. EVALUATE management objectives given projected impacts and vulnerabilities. 4. IDENTIFY and implement adaptation approaches and tactics . 5. MONITOR and evaluate effectiveness of implemented actions. Vulnerability assessments, scientific literature, and other resources Adaptation Strategies and Approaches
- 33. Adaptation Library http://adaptationpartners.org/library.php Adaptation strategies and tactics for the western U.S.
- 34. ADAPTATION EXAMPLE: THE NATURE CONSERVANCY’S CAROLINE LAKE PRESERVE Owned by The Nature Conservancy About 1,000 acres of forest Acquired from industrial ownership in 1997 Working forest to demonstrate sustainable forestry practices
- 35. Goals: Maintain historically characteristic forest communities. Maintain contribution to downstream water quality. Encourage mid- to late-successional forests that emulate natural disturbance dynamics.
- 36. Climate change considerations, challenges, and opportunities: Reduced lake-effect snow - potential for deer browsing on vegetation. Reduced and fluctuating water levels – stress on forests and forested wetlands. Declines in habitat – tree species such as black spruce and balsam fir. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Increases in habitat - red oak, white pine, and several other species that currently occur in parts of the preserve. Unique site and location may offer opportunities for
- 37. IDENTIFY adaptation approaches and tactics for implementation. Promote tree species that are expected to fare better under climate change, like red oak and white pine. Convert a portion of an upland hardwoods stand to a red oak forest where natural regeneration is present. Reserve high-quality pockets of hemlock to serve as refugia for that species. Maintain lowland conifers as a no harvest reserve area and increase monitoring to detect hydrological changes in peatland systems.
- 39. Activity #2 Develop local examples of adaptation tactics
- 40. Activity #2 In this activity you will use your knowledge and expertise to identify adaptation approaches and tactics for a specific scenario.
- 41. Activity #2 As a group, select a place or ecosystem to work in. 1) Create and describe a hypothetical (or real!) land stewardship project – Conditions: Location, site conditions, species composition, disturbance history and susceptibility, etc. – Typical goals and objectives: What are you hoping to accomplish with this land stewardship project? 1 2 34 5
- 42. Activity #2 As a group, select a place or ecosystem to work in. 2) Identify important climate change considerations for this place: What challenges or opportunities does climate change pose for meeting your stewardship goals? 1 2 34 5
- 43. Maps/data for this section courtesy of R. Neilson and MAPSS Vegetation Modeling Lab To help think about climate change in your region. Precipitation change (summer and winter) Temperature change (summer and winter) Activity #2
- 44. Activity #2 What actions can be taken to help your system cope with change AND meet stewardship goals? 1 2 34 5
- 45. Activity #2 What actions can be taken to help your system cope with change AND meet stewardship goals? Place: Location and conditions: Management goals: Climate change considerations, challenges, and opportunities: Adaptation Tactics: 1) 2) 3) …
- 46. Activity #2 1. Douglas, Stoesz, Craft 2. Burke, Geiger, Van Der Linden, Bourquin, Register, Pearson 3. Noss, Swanson, Lawson 4. Johnston, Burgess, Brooks, Goglia 5. McCoshum, Pennington, Stokdal, Duus 6. Greer, Koetsier, Lougheed 7. Stolcers, Morton, Tremblay, McMillan Groups
- 47. Identifying Adaptation Tactics Swanston et al. 2016 1. DEFINE area of interest, management objectives, and time frames. 2. ASSESS climate change impacts and vulnerabilities for the area of interest. 3. EVALUATE management objectives given projected impacts and vulnerabilities. 4. IDENTIFY and implement adaptation approaches and tactics . 5. MONITOR and evaluate effectiveness of implemented actions.
- 48. What actions can be taken to help a system cope with change AND meet stewardship goals?
Editor's Notes
- Icebreaker Question and Activity – postcards?
- Addressing some of the comments we got from the webinar ‘goals for training’.
- Icebreaker Question and Activity – postcards?
- There may be all kinds of reasons that your land trust is conserving properties, and different types of activities that are allowed. And now….climate change is entering the scene. That’s what I’m here to talk to you about today. But if there’s one take-home message from today, it’s that factoring we can plan ahead to understand how climate change is likely to affect forest and take actions to adapt them to change. Focus on … what does cc mean for Michigan and our woods?
- Think about your place on the landscape –
- Big Questions for today – we’ve already discussed #1
- We may be protecting a piece of land because of certain things we value about that land – and we want and expect it to be the same type of forest or ecosystem in the future. However, climate change is introducing another variable that may be pushing it off of that trajectory.
- If you’ve looked at regional projections, or when you look at these, you might see something like this:
- Building the seawall, adding a few feet to the levy Installing fuelbreaks Preventing the spread of invasive species, pests, diseases
- The resistance option broadly tries to put resources into maintaining what is currently on the landscape. Over time, this could get more and more costly, so this is best as a short-term strategy or for things of high cultural, economic, ecological value. Makes more sense if the CC trajectory is already close to BAU….makes less sense if CC trajectory will be more of a departure Accepting more risk over time with this option.
- The resistance option broadly tries to put resources into maintaining what is currently on the landscape. Over time, this could get more and more costly, so this is best as a short-term strategy or for things of high cultural, economic, ecological value. Makes more sense if the CC trajectory is already close to BAU….makes less sense if CC trajectory will be more of a departure Accepting more risk over time with this option.
- Thinning stands to improve overall health & vigor Management of vegetation following disturbance
- In this option, we allow disturbances to occur, but we want the system to eventually return to its original condition or at least resemble current conditions. Lots of sustainable forest MGMT already falls under this umbrella. BUT – this option still incurs more and more risk through time, particularly if CC trends are heading in a diff direction.
- Favoring future-adapted NATIVE species Using seed sources from hotter, drier places? Assisted migration Increase connectivity for migration corridors Manage refugia
- More effort upfront? Gradual changes to increase options? Making an intentional, directed change. The end result forest still provides values that are important to you.
- In choosing one of these broad options, we are forming the overall tone of our response to climate change. We’re identifying our level of acceptable change in the forest, from essentially none, to a complete makeover, And we are identifying our means, from a defensive standpoint, to actively facilitating change. depending on the expected magnitude of impacts and resources available. Under these broad options, there are limitless possibilities for adaptation actions.
- The Forest Adaptation Resources document does not make recommendations, it merely provides a suite of resources and a platform to logically consider climate change at the scale of your management. There are two main components to the document, a menu of strategies and approaches, and a workbook to structure and document climate considerations. Through the workbook, managers select adaptation approaches that meet their needs, and devise tactics or on the ground actions to implement them.
- The document contains a section devoted to adaptation actions. This section is called strategies and approaches, which presents a menu of adaptation actions that can help sustain forests and achieve management goals in the face of climate change. This list of 10 strategies and 40 approaches was pulled together after an extensive literature review of peer reviewed publications and reports, then reviewed and refined by forest managers, planners, academics and others to ensure it’s applicability in forested systems. The original FAR was created for forests in Wisconsin, but over time and after consideration we’ve found them to be relevant for forests across the Midwest and Northeast.
- Keep in mind that these actions would be chosen in order to meet challenges associated with a specific management objective. Goal to make money, with timber production Let’s walk through an example. I choose to opt for a resistance option and strategy to help my forest resist impacts of climate change is to sustain fundamental ecological functions, including those related to soil and hydrologic function
- In my location, which is already experiencing shorter periods of snow cover and frozen ground conditions, I recognize the need to maintain soil quality, especially during times of entry with heavy machinery.
- Should ideally specify where, when, and how.
- Sometimes in the process, a manager may identify a tactic first, then work up the hierarchy to justify the significance of a tactic. In this example, we choose to plant future adapted species on south facing slopes.
- We prescribe this because we want to promote drought- and heat-tolerant species that are likely to do well in this location and under a warmer, drier climate.
- We are actively promoting a species from nearby to replace a species that is declining and is likely to be gone in several decades, with little chance of persisting in this location. This pro-active option to facilitate change is transition. As we move up and down through this hierarchy, we are essentially justifying what we need to do, why we need to do it, and how to get it done.
- We’ll be using two versions of the strategies and approaches – Urban and Forests
- With our Chequamegon-Nicolet example, the managers identified actions to monitor whether these adaptation actions would be effective.
- Promote tree species that are expected to fare better under climate change, like red oak and white pine (particularly in shoreline buffers and upland hardwoods)