1. Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar
M.Phil Agriculture Entomology
mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com

2.  The ecosystem concept in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries and discusses the coining of
the term ecosystem by the English ecologist Sir
Arthur George Tansley in 1935.

3.  Frank B. Golley is research professor of ecology,
professor of zoology, and professor of environmental
design at the University of Georgia, Athens. He has
been president of the Ecological Society of America,
the International Association for Ecology, and the
International Society for Tropical Ecology.

4.  The term "ecosystem" was first used in a publication
by British ecology Arthur Tansley.
 An ecosystem is a biological environment consisting
of all the living organisms or Biotic component, in a
particular area, and the nonliving, or Abiotic
component such as air, soil, water and sunlight with
which the organisms interact

5. ECOSYSTE
M
BIOTIC
FACTORS
ABIOTIC
FACTORS

6. Biotic
• Sunlight
• Temperature
• Precipitation
• Water or Moisture
• Soil or Chemical
content
Abiotic
• Primary producer
• Herbivores
• Carnivorous
• Omnivores
• Detritivorous

7. Different Types of Ecosystems
1. Terrestrial ecosystem
2. The Forest Ecosystem
Tropical evergreen forest
Tropical deciduous forest
Temperate evergreen forest
Temperate deciduous forest
Taiga

8. 3. The Desert Ecosystem
4. The Grassland Ecosystem
Savanna
Prairies
5. Aquatic Ecosystems
6. The Mountain Ecosystem
7. The Marine Ecosystem
8. The Freshwater Ecosystem

9. Terrestrial Ecosystem
 Present on land or soil
 It receive plenty of light
 Soil provide abundant nutrients
 Limited water
 On pole, average temp. below freezing point but
at tropical zones temp. is moist, dry and warm

10. It is divided into :
Forest ecosystem
Grass land ecosystem
Desert ecosystem
Tundra ecosystem

11. • High rainfall
•Large number of organism and
flora
• Highly diverse population
• Stability of ecosystem is very
sensitive

12.  Tropical evergreen forest
 Tropical deciduous forest
 Temperate evergreen forest
 Temperate deciduous forest
 Taiga

13.  Watershed Protection
 Atmospheric regulation
 Soil Erosion Control
 Wind Erosion Control

14. • High temperature, intense
sunlight and low water
• Flora and fauna are very
poorly developed and scarce
• Organisms are xeric adaptive
• Scarely populated

15. Rock desert Stony desert
Mountain desert
Sand desert
Plateau desert
Cold desert

16.  Rainfall
 Temperature
 Soil
 light
 Plants and animals are adapted to live in
extremities

17.  Solar energy resource
 Mineral resource
A dramatic example is occurring in Sahel, which
borders the southern edge of the Sahara desert in Aferica

18.  Grass land ecosystem are found in
Gilgit,Kashmir,Waziristan,and north kallat.

19.  Tropical grassland(Savanna)
 Temperate grassland(Prairies)

20.  Temperature
 Precipitation
 Humidity
 Topography
 Unadaptive plants and animals
 Rain fall
 Animal life
 Human impact

21.  Grassland provide food
 Grasslands Are Breeding Areas
 Human habitat

22.  It is last biome reaching the polar ice caps
 It is vast treeless region
 The ground is carpeted with small perennial flowers
 Provide superb mosquito habitat

23.  Low temperature and sunlight
 Soil and vegitation is submerged
 Flora and fauna had adapted
 Densely populated.

24.  Ocean
 Lotic
 Lentic
 Wetland

25.  Light and temperature
 Current
 Chemistry
 Competitive organism

26.  Recycles nutrients
 Purify water
 Resposible for proper rainfall
 Attenuate floods
 Recharge ground water

27.  Mountain land provides a scattered and diverse array
of habitats where a large number of animals and
plants can be found. At the higher altitudes, the harsh
environmental conditions normally prevail, and only
the treeless alpine vegetation can survive. The
animals that live there have thick fur coats for
prevention from cold and hibernation in the winter
months. Lower slopes are commonly covered with
coniferous forests.