MKI

1. Creativity and Innovation
Management
Tools for Developing Innovative Solutions

2. "Culture usually deals
with making certain ideas
famous. Education deals
with communicating
these famous ideas.
Both deal with perfecting
these ideas, by updating
them. The only way to
change ideas is conflict
…"
Edward de Bono
Foundations of Generating Ideas …

3. Foundations of Generating Ideas …
Creativity is a complex field of study that is why this concept does not
have a clear-cut definition. This is reflected in the great number of
definitions for creativity.
• Creativity is the process of generating new ideas,
• Innovation is a translation of the ideas into new products, services
or production methods.
Generating ideas depends on several
factors:
• Creative person (group)
• Creative product
• Creative environment
• Creative process

4. Foundations of Generating Ideas …
Creative Person:
• Adaptors: prefer to do things better; try to improve the present situation
without making radical changes,
• Innovators: prefer to do things differently; try to make radical changes;
Creative Product:
• Is something new, original but also true to reality; it is important to
create new ideas and it is as important to implement them in the
benefit of the organisations
Creative Environment:
• Must be democratic,
relaxed, friendly, to
encourage imagination
and unusual solutions
The creative
industries in
United
Kingdom

5. Foundations of Generating Ideas: Creative Process
1. Defining the problem (documentation regarding the present problems of
the organization);
2. Further preparation (focus on a problem, formulate the hypotheses
without censorship);
3. Incubation or gestation (trying to find the solution);
4. Illumination (the emergence of the solution, sometimes it can emerge in
the most unexpected situations);
5. Checking (it is done in order not to eliminate errors or gaps).
Sweat, blood,
tears
Start
I don’t really care
Panic
Dead line

6. Why and When is the Creation of Innovative Solutions … ?
• it proved to be very productive (for example when the organization
has difficulties in finding solutions to a certain problem, a
brainstorming session can offer the solution);
• it increases the competitive spirit, self-confidence and initiative
of the organisation’s members (for example, the organisation can
discover it is much more efficient to find solutions using its own
employees than asking for consultancy elsewhere);
• it improves the mood and the relations between the employees
of an organisation (for example, creating a relaxed open to
communication atmosphere, employers can discover potential
problems of the organisation – no matter the level of their occurrence
– before the situation gets out of control).
Why is the creation of innovative solutions in organisations
recommended?

7. Why and When is the Creation of Innovative Solutions … ?
When it is the creation of innovative solutions in organisations
recommended. The generation of new ideas and their implementation
are valued in an organisation in the following situations:
• When the rhythm imposed by the market is faster than that of
the organization: the new employees as well as the regular
people can be valuable sources of alternative ways of using the
technologies of the providers or of the competition, of new ideas;
• When present problems in the system overwhelm us or in order to
be at the normal parameters regarding the efficiency and
effectiveness of the organisation;
• When there are substantial demographic changes and
consequently industrial and marketing structure changes
appear.

8. How to Found Generating Ideas … ?
Adaptor:
• prefer to do things better;
• seek professions that encourage stability and order such as
accountability and production;
• formulate ideas without changing very much the initial data of the
problem.
Sumber: Kirton (1989)
Inovator:
• prefer to do things differently;
• are found in departments as marketing that demand interaction with
changing environments (who deal with incertitude);
• would rather produce ideas by introducing new elements in the
context of a problem and also by changing the relationship between
the elements of a problem.

9. How to Found Generating Ideas … ?
• efficiency in solving complex problems;
• unlimited communication and increased capacity in generating
ideas;
• the risks are easily tolerated because the chance to find a solution
is bigger;
• it is an inexhaustible source of stimulating the individual creative
potential.
Sumber: Kirton (1989)
One of the best ways to generate ideas was to make up teams using
known methods (for example, brainstorming, brain writing, 6-3-5
method, analogical reasoning etc.) to offer solutions that make the
best out of the human creative potential. Groups of different sizes
have more chances to solve a problem than individuals do.

10. How to Found Generating Ideas … ?
Intellectual Factors:
• imagination (the combination of known elements);
• intellectual fluidity (richness of ideas and images associations);
• flexibility (the easiness of a person to change the point of view
when approaching a problem);
• originality of solutions (unusual character);
• memory (new ideas appear (indirectly using our previous
knowledge);
• thinking (it continually guides and checks the process of creation),
• the observation spirit.
Sumber: Kirton (1989)
There are more factors that contribute to the creative process.
That’s mean is factors generating creativity

11. How to Found Generating Ideas … ?
Personality Factors:
• skills (the role of heredity and of the environment in forming them);
• perseverance, will;
• motivation (the passion of creation, desires, aspirations that make
an individual want to discover something);
• interest;
• creative attitude;
External Factors
• the influence of the external environment, especially of the social
one (the role of social demands in stimulating creation in an epoch,
the stage of sthe project: the society’s attitude towards creation can
stimulate or inhibit the creative process).
Sumber: Kirton (1989)

12. How to Found Generating Ideas … ?
Of Cultural Nature:
• conformism of ideas (old or new);
• too much stress put on reason;
• prejudges;
• cultural differences;
• non-integration of frustrations: run, aggressiveness, transfer,
resignation, compensation, frustration integration.
Sumber: Kirton (1989)
A mind functions only when there is an opening. A new idea is the
beginning and not the end of the creative process. A lot of barriers
have to be surpassed before an idea is seen as a solution. The
organisational climate plays an important role in producing or
blocking ideas.
Here are three types of creativity barriers presented briefly:

13. How to Found Generating Ideas … ?
Of Perceptive Nature:
• negative thinking: “I am not creative!”;
• difficulty to make the difference between facts and problems;
• premature presentation of pseudo-solutions to a problem;
• difficulty in perceiving unusual relations between ideas and objects
etc.
Sumber: Kirton (1989)
Individualist Attitudes:
• fear of making mistakes, lack of self confidence;
• weak capacity to relax;
• distrust in superiors, colleagues, collaborators;
• excessive dependency on someone else’s opinions etc.

14. • These techniques encourage a free flow of thoughts. It
is very important to think into different directions.
• The harvested ideas will be connected, to again
generate new ideas.
• Examples:
o Brainstorming;
o Brainwriting (6-3-5);
o Mind Mapping.
How to Found Generating Ideas … ?

15. • A process for the development of new ideas—one person develops a
large number of ideas or a group comes together to collect ideas for a
certain topic. It can be used in each business area and each thinkable
situation. Here are a few areas: management of various sorts (in a
company), marketing, and advertising.
• There are four basic rules for a brainstorming session:
o Critique is not allowed. Negative evaluations of ideas must be held
back until a later time.
o The thoughts are free. The wilder the thought the better. It is easier to
restrain somebody than to get him thinking.
o Quantity is wished for. The larger the number of ideas the more likely
solutions are found.
o Combinations and improvements are searched for. Their own ideas
participants should make proposals, how the ideas of others may be
improved or how two or more ideas can be combined into one.
How to Found Generating Ideas … ?

16. Brainstorming allows for the oral collection of ideas. The 6-3-5
method does basically the same, but the ideas are written down, it
is a sort of brainstorming on paper, it is “brainwriting”.
How to Found Generating Ideas … ?
As the name says: 6 participants find 2
ideas each in 3 minutes. Each has a sheet
of paper in front of him/her and notes down
three proposals for the topic. After 5
minutes the sheet is handed on to the left.
Only new ideas will be noted in the
next row. This is continued until
each group member has filled each
of the six sheets with ideas. In the
end the best ideas are selected.

17. A mind map is the visualisation of a structural plan in a form that
supports the human thought processes.
How to Found Generating Ideas … ?
In the centre of the mind
map is the main topic, from
which association chains in
the form of branches and
twigs spread out. Between e
single cells of these asso-
ciation chains connections
are possible.
A mind map is a graphical way to represent ideas and concepts. It
is a visual thinking tool that helps structuring information, helping
you to better analyze, comprehend, synthesize, recall and generate
new ideas. Just as in every great idea, its power lies in its simplicity.

18. What is the Purpose of a Mind Map …
A mind map can help you thinking in a more critical way and impro-
ve your problem-solving ability at the same time. A mind map is a
valuable tool for team collaboration in a business group. Here are
just a few illustration of the purposes of a mind map. The actual
possibilities of the uses of mind map is unlimited.
Brainstorming. A mind map is a powerful tool for brainstorming. It
help us focusing on the topic, coming up with new thoughts and
connecting these thoughts together. Whether for individuals or
teams, it provides us with creative thinking.
Problem SolvingIf you are confused by a problem, a mind maps
can help you see all the relative issues and how they relate to each
other. It can help you quickly get a general idea of how the whole si-
tuation and enable you to see all aspects of this situation then come
up with a solution.

19. What is the Purpose of a Mind Map …

20. What is the Purpose of a Mind Map …
Decision Making. While making a decision, you need to compare
all the factors related, a mind map can be a helpful tool on that. Lis-
ting various factors, pros and cons of each side can help you think
more effectively and lead to an informed decision.
Notes Taking. Students or business professionals can use mind
maps to write down the information of a lecture, presentation or bu-
siness meeting. When receiving information,mind maps can help
organize it in a logical way which make it easy to understand and
follow. A mind map is an effective way to take notes.
Presentations. Mind maps is a great helper during presentation.
Using mind map is a more interesting way to present an idea or con-
cept. On one hand, mind map can help organize the ideas coheren-
tly, on the other hand, the visual feature of mind map makes it easier
to capture the audiences attention.

21. What is the Purpose of a Mind Map …
Project Management. Mind map can help planning a project. Arran-
ge large categories of enormous information with mind map can gre-
atly improve productivity. In addition, when creating a mind map with
Edraw, you can easily convert it into a Gantt chart with a single click.
Accelerate Stu-
dying. Mind Map
will help you ace-
lerate your study
ability by improving
and enhan-cing
your retention with
the combination of
photography and
information.

22. Peter Drucker, Management Challenges for the 21st
century.
Management will increasingly have to
be based on the assumption that
neither technology nor end use is a
foundation for management policy.
They are limitations.
The foundations have to be customer
values and customer decisions on the
distribution of their disposable
income.