1. The Russian Revolution By 1915 Russia is in trouble 2 million soldiers killed or wounded Food shortages people blame Czar as they had done in the past Legislature set up after 1905 (Duma) has no real power ~ Czar refuses advice
2. Impact of World War I Czar Nicholas II goes to the front Czarina Alexandra left in charge; relies upon Rasputin ’s advice
3. Rasputin Holy man and healer Claimed ability to cure son Alexei’s hemophilia {in reality used hypnosis} Held influence over Czar and Czarina Influence=danger; Rasputin killed in 1916 by czar’s nephew
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7. The Russian Revolution: 1917 The March [February] Uprising: Women in Petrograd Protest Bread Shortages Touches off Protest of 300,000 Workers Demanding The Overthrow of the Monarchy Troops Fire on the Crowd of Protesters Czar abdicates ; revolutionary socialists set up Soviets The Czar and His Family Are Placed Under Arrest
10. The Russian Revolution: 1917 New government continues war against Germany Vladimir Lenin returns to Russia in April Lenin and followers, the Bolsheviks (majority), start second revolution; Promise “Peace, Land, Bread” and win control of government in November 1917.
11. Vladimir Lenin ~ Notes Had been exiled to Switzerland for spreading Marxist ideas to factory workers Older brother hanged for trying to kill Alexander III
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14. Lenin’s Russia: 1917-1924 The Bolsheviks took control of the government in an almost bloodless coup between November 8-11, 1917. Lenin is assisted by Leon Trotsky; forces = “Red Guard” attack, take over provisional gov’t, then take over other cities, Moscow becomes capital, Kremlin = HQ New Flag = Red w/ hammer and sickle to symbolize union between workers and peasants; “Bolsheviks” “Communist” Lenin adapts Marxist ideas to Russian conditions “dictatorship of the proletariat"
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16. Dictatorship of the Proletariat 1848 Karl Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto Marx called upon factory workers (proletariat) to rise against factory owners (bourgeoisie) and take control of factory production. Russia doesn’t have much industry so Lenin called for an elite group to lead the revolution and set up a dictatorship of the proletariat
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18. The Treaty of Brest Litovsk Russia lost more than 300,000 square miles of territory The treaty helped to establish [for the time being,] the independence of Estonia, Finland, Latvia , Lithuania and Poland.
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20. The invasion of U.S., British and French troops fed communist distrust of the West
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22. From Lenin to Stalin: 1924-1939 By 1921 Communists defeated all foes; Russia in chaos; Lenin rebuilding creates constitution, legislature “Supreme Soviet;” Most of old empire USSR; economic recovery=NEP; foreign policy=Comintern
