Entrepreneurship on Innovative Tourism

1. LOGO Wong Hoi Kuen 2 July 2013

2. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Contents Entrepreneurship and Innovation1 Entrepreneurship and Tourism2 Cases3 Q and A4

3. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Entrepreneurship 2 3 4

4. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 The word appeared in the French Dictionary "Dictionnaire Universel de Commerce“ of Jacques Savary des Bruslons published in 1723. Merriam-Webster: “one who organizes, manages and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise.” Dictionary.com: “a person who organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk.”

5. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 The concept of entrepreneurship was first established in the 1700s, and the meaning has evolved ever since. Many simply equate it with starting one‟s own business. Most economists believe it is more than that…

6. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 Source : ENTREBUSINESSER

7. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 Who is the Entrepreneur?

8. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Entrepreneur 2 3 4 “The amassing of wealth is one of the worse species of idolatry. No idol more debasing than the worship of money” Andrew Carnegie "Andrew Carnegie Dictum" – To spend the first third of one's life getting all the education one can. To spend the next third making all the money one can. To spend the last third giving it all away for worthwhile causes.

9. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Contents 2 3 4 Characteristic of Entrepreneur Luke Oliver Johnson, British serial entrepreneur

11. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 Opportunity driven entrepreneurs (future orientation)… - want to exploit a „perceived‟ business opportunity - strive for independence, self-actualisation, recognition and profit maximization - on average they rise higher than necessity driven entrepreneurs Necessity driven entrepreneurs (‘away from’ orientation)… - are pushed into entrepreneurship because all other options for work are either absent or unsatisfactory - dissatisfaction with working conditions, contents and time - pursue entrepreneurship to secure their own existence

12. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 The Push theory argues that individuals are pushed into entrepreneurship by negative external factors like job dissatisfaction, fire from job etc. The Pull theory suggests that individuals are attracted to entrepreneurial activities in order to seek independence, to use their skills and experience in optimal way etc. Gilad and Levine, 1986 Entrepreneurial motivation – Push and Pull Factor Competitive Intelligence, behavioral model of entrepreneurial supply

14. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 1985, W.B. Gartner: Entrepreneur is a person who started a new business where there was none before 1734, Richard Cantepillon: Entrepreneurs are non- fixed income earners who pay known costs of production but earn uncertain incomes 1964, Peter Drucker : An entrepreneur searches for change 1975, Howard Stevenso :Entrepreneurship is "the pursuit of opportunity” 1934, Schumpeter: Entrepreneurs are innovators 1961,Daivd McCellenad : An entrepreneur is a person with a high need for achievement . He is energetic and a moderate risk taker

15. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 ”A process that takes place in different environments and settings that causes changes in the economic system through innovations brought about by individuals who generate or respond to economic opportu- nities that create value for both these individuals and society.” (Churchill & Muzyka, 1994:16). Entrepreneurship “Entrepreneurs are the agents of innovation and creative destruction” (Joseph Schumpeter – father of Innovation economic)

16. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 Innovation is the marriage of new knowledge, embodied in an invention, with the successful introduction of that invention into marketplace. It is only through “innovative entrepreneurship” which introduce some new product or service, or method of production or delivery – that societies advance their technological frontiers and thus their standards of living (Baumol et al. 2008). Baumol calls the opposite to innovative entrepreneurship “replicative entrepreneurship” and means those producing or selling a good or service already available through other sources. They have an important function but are not source of growth. Innovative Entrepreneurship

17. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 Catalyst of innovation and structural change Competition Cooperation Driver of innovation in a market economy Reduction of innovation costs Teece, David J., Competition, cooperation, and innovation ,1992

18. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 New England Ice Trade 1856

19. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 Father of the refrigerator, Jacob Perkin, 1935

20. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 ?

21. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 What do these companies have in common?

22. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 Innovation springs out of change CHANGE VALUE Creation Disruption Innovation

23. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 DELAG, Deutsche Luftschiffahrts- Aktiengesellschaft 1909 "German Airship Travel Corporation“ – transatlantic flight, 1928 Delag - airship LZ

24. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 LM Royal Dutch Airline‟s World Travel – (1950) 1914, the St. Petersburg-Tampa Airboat Line became the world's first scheduled passenger airline service

25. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 Pioneer independent innovators in the field of tourism related industries

26. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 Other independent innovators in Tourism

27. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovation 2 3 4 A business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers and capture values Exploring the possibilities is critical to finding a successful business Model. Settling on first ideas risks the possibility of missing potential that Can only be discovered by prototyping and testing different alternatives -Alexander Osterwalder, Business Model Generation

28. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 ECOexecutives is a new program championed by Toronto Zoo that consists of a series of 1 day sustainability workshops for executives of small-to-midsized businesses

29. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4

30. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 Innovation in tourism : 1. Product innovation (new products and services for tourism) 2. Organizational innovation (new forms of organization and management) 3. Process innovation (new ways of making tourism known) 4. Logistic innovation (new ways of supplying products or services to customers) 5. Market innovation (new ways of marketing and consumer behaviour (Gallouj, 1994; Miles et al., 1996; Hauk-ness, 1998; Sundbo, 1998; Gallouj and Sundbo, 1998).

31. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 Innovation as a resultant of applied innovations and learning processes Innovation Management Basic Innovations Applied Innovations Corporate Learning Process Individual Learning Process Innovations in Tourism Services Customized Services

32. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 Springwise scans the globe for the most promising, unique and innovative business ventures, ideas and concepts that are ready for regional or international adaptation, expansion, partnering, investments or cooperation. Some innovative business ideas about Tourism Source from Springwise

33. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4

34. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 Marriot Renaissance Hotel in Pittsburgh have guest surrender digital device upon check in

35. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 Berlin Heartbreak Hotel – Die Liebeskuemmerer only for Broken Heart

36. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 Let experts to find the cheapest airfares with Crowdsourced flight searching engine Flightfox

37. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 CorruptTour.com Czech Republic, Political corruption guided tours

38. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 Netherlands WaarSchijntdeZonWel.nl Holiday destinations search based on weather trend and prediction

39. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 Lucky Draw Destination with Getgoing Take the risk , win the discount

40. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 A mirco delivery network – pleasebringme.com

41. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 4 Tailor made experience with Boutique Hotels – Soverinn.com

42. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 Nanny in the clouds – flying babysitters

43. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Innovative Tourism 2 3 4 Travel Soulmate, Insiders‟ Tips - Berlin Based Plus One, - Austria based Nectar and Pulse

44. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Responsible Entrepreneurship 2 3 4

45. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Responsible Entrepreneurship 2 3 4

46. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Responsible Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 Edward Freeman – Stakeholder theory, is a theory of organizational management and business ethics that addresses morals and values in managing an organization. (Father of CSR) Milton Friedman – Company‟s only responsibility is to Increase its profits (Father of monetarism) Goals and Responsibilities of a business Stakeholders vs Stakeholders

47. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Responsible Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 Social entrepreneurship is the process of pursuing innovative solutions to social problems. Social entrepreneurs adopt a mission to create and sustain social value. Social entrepreneur and social entrepreneurship were used first in the literature on social change in the 1960s and 1970s

48. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Responsible Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 The “Worldmaking” Prodigy of Tourism: -The Reach and Power of Tourism in the Dynamics of Change and Transformation -Functional role of tourism of making culture and place -Tourism as a vehicle to create economic and social change Hollinshead 2009

49. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Responisble Tourism 2 3 4 Social Entrepreneurs ecotourism Geotourism Community based Tourism agritourism Volunteer tourism Sport & Event Tourism Cultural Tourism Hertiage Tourism Pro-poverty tourism Educational Tourism Tourism Entrepreneur Social Tourism Urban Tourism Art Festival Policy Influencers Rural Tourism

50. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Responsible Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 Triple Bottom Line TBL “The triple bottom line” was first coined in 1994 by John Elkington, the founder of a British consultancy called SustainAbility, ratified by UN and ICLEI in 2007

51. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Responsible Entrepreneurship 2 3 4 TBL and Tourism

52. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Contents 2 3 4  The Third Largest Industry all over the world after Petroleum and Electronic  Producing 935 million international visitors (2010)  $ 852 Billion (US) Revenues (2009), and  The largest and fastest growing services industry

53. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Responsible Tourism 2 3 4

54. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Responsible Tourism 2 3 4

55. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Empowerment of Tourism 2 3 4 Arnstein, 1969; John Friedmann, 1992 – World City formation Tourism and Development

56. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4

57. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4 Donsol - whale shark ecotourism program

58. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4 Since 1998, WWF Philippines has assisted the Donsol local government unit (LGU) to protect whale sharks and develop a community-based whale shark ecotourism programme for the municipality. yrs no of visitors Income per annum 1998 800 USD 10,500 2005 7,200 USD 208,000 2006 11,000 USD 480,000

59. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 Butanding Festival

60. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4 Art Tour – Vranken-Pommery Champagne Estate Reims, France

61. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4Since 2003, with the partnership with French Ministry of Education Pommery becomes one of the largest annual art exhibitions in France, with the event attracting over 100,000 visitors each year

62. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4 With a legacy of 175 years+, Pommery is a one stop destination for culture and heritage

63. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4 Walk a lion – Antelope Park Gweru, Zimbabwe

64. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4Antelope Park is home to (African Lion and Environmental Research Trust (ALERT ) and the African Lion Rehabilitation and Release into the Wild programme

65. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4 World first lion breeding and rehabilitation project, supported by some of the worlds leading ecologists

66. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4 Agriturismo, Northeast Italy Food Hotels

67. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4 Medieval heritage of Emilia Romagna 20 farmhouses in Conca Valley and Marecchia Valley

68. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4Local Food tours in Costa Adriatica Experiencing Local oil, Fossa Cheese, Honey, Wine, Piadina, Draft Beer.. Visit to vineyard, cellars, oil producers Cooking courses Farm Stay

69. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Case Study 2 3 4 Gastronomic tourism – visit the small producers

70. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Discussion 2 3 4

71. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Dicussion 2 3 4

72. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Discussion 2 3 4

73. Add your company slogan LOGO.com Think more… 2 3 4

74. Add your company slogan LOGO.com References 2 4 Carayannis, E. G.; Ziemnowicz, C., eds. (2007). Rediscovering Schumpeter. Palgrave Macmillan. Freeman Edward, Strategic Management, A stakeholder approach, Pitman, 1984 Friedman Milton, There is no such things as free lunch, Open Court Publishing, 1977 Friedmann John, Empowerment, the politics of alternative development Wiley Blackwell, 1 edition, 1992 Baumol William, The Free Market Innovation Machine, Princeton University Press,, 2002 Gilad, B. and Levine, P. A. (1986). Behavioral Model of Entrepreneurial Supply Journal of Small Business Management, 24 (4), 45-53.

75. Add your company slogan LOGO.com References 2 3 4 Keller, P. (2010), Introduction, in: Weiermair, Keller, Go, Pechlaner, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, New York, pp. Keller, P. , Bieger, T. Ed. (2007), Innovation and Tourism, in: AIEST Innovation and Tourism Creating- Customer Value, AIEST, Vol. 47, St. Gallen, 2005, 384 p. Keller, P, Entrepreneurship, innovation process and cooperation in the field of Tourism, University of Lausanne Krueger Norris et al, Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneur, Baylor University, , ETP, Blackwell Publishing, 1994

76. Add your company slogan LOGO.com References 2 3 4 Kristin Lamoureux, Christina Heyniger, Rural Adventure Tourism, Practices and Trends, Best Educational Network Think Tank, George Washington University, 2007 McCraw T, Prophet of Innovation: Joseph Schumpeter and Creative Destruction,Havard University Press 2010 Osterwalder Alexander et al, Business Model Generation, Wiley, 2010 Ucbasaran Deniz et al, The process of Entrepreneurial Research, Contextual and process issues, Institute of Enterprise and Innovation, Nottingham University Business School, 2000

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