2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• CHARACTERISTICS OF MANET
• MECHANISM OF MANET
• TRANSMISSION STANDARDS
• ROUTING PROTOCOL
• PROS AND CONS FOR MANET
• MANET USAGE AREAS
• CONCLUSION
• FUTURE ASPECTS
• REFERENCE
3. • Easy to Configure, Rapidly Deployable.
• Existing Infrastructure not needed.
• Wireless link.
• Dynamic topology, Nodes are mobile.
• A MANET is a type of Standalone network and also
can be connected to an external network.
5. Cellular vs. ad-hoc network
Cellular Network Ad-Hoc Network
Infrastructure network. Infrastructure less network.
Fixed, pre-located cell sites and
stations.
No base station and rapid
deployment.
Detailed planning before setting
up a base station.
Ad-hoc network automatically
forms and adapt to changes.
High cost for setup. Low cost for setup.
Large setup time. Less setup time.
6. TYPES OF MANET
• InVANETs – Intelligent Vehicular ad-hoc network
make use of AI to tackle unexpected situation like
vehicle collisions and accidents.
• VANETs – Vehicular ad hoc network enables
effective communication with another vehicle or
helps to communicate with roadside equipments.
• iMANET– Internet based Mobile ad hoc network
helps to link , fixed as well as mobile nodes.
7. Characteristic of MANET
•MANET is classified in multihop and
mobility.
• Mobile nodes are characterized with less memory,
weight, power and light features.
• Required minimum human intervention to
configure the network.
8. Mechanism for manet
• Multihop operation required for routing
mechanism in different mobile nodes.
• Internet access mechanism.
• Mechanism to detect and act on , merging of
existing network.
• Self configuring network requires an address
allocation mechanism.
• Security mechanism.
9. Transmission standards
• Piconet.
• Home RF ( Radio Frequency ).
• IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN WG ( Working Group ).
• Bluetooth SIG ( Special Interest Group ).
-- These above use radio wave ,frequency band
of around 2.4 GHz.
• IrDA ( InfraRed Data Association )
-- Uses infrared instead of radio waves.
10. Piconet
• A general purpose, low-powered, ad-hoc
network.
• It allows two devices near each other to
inter-operate.
• These devices can be either mobile or fixed.
• The range is said to be reasonably short.
11. Home radio frequency
Uses Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP)
system
• carries both voice and data traffic.
• inter-operate with the PSTN
(Public Switched Telephone Network)
and the Internet.
• the range covers typical home and yard.
12. IEEE 802.11 wireless lan
The principles of Wireless Local Area Network
(WLAN) are defined in IEEE 802.11 standard.
• It defines two different topologies:
ad-hoc network and infrastructure network.
• This ad-hoc network is able to use only created
wireless connection instead of fixed
infrastructure.
13. Bluetooth
• The code name for an open specification for
short-range wireless connectivity.
• Effortless, instant wireless connections between
a wide range of communication devices in a small
environment.
• The BT range restricts the environment to about
10 meters.
• Used in virtually any mobile device like that can
have Bluetooth radios integrated into them.
14. IrDA
• In-room cordless peripherals to host-PC.
• Maturity and standardization activities advantage
over radio.
• Line-of-sight requirement disadvantage.
• Based on technology similar to the remote control
devices.
• High-speed short range, point-to-point cordless
data transfer.
15. Routing protocols
• Self starting and self organizing.
• Minimal network traffic overhead.
• Rapid convergence.
• Multihop and loop-free paths.
Routing protocols falls in two categories:
Re-active
Pro-active
16. Reactive routing protocol
• Initiative for finding routers does not take place.
• Established routes “ on demand”.
• Save energy and bandwidth during inactivity.
Examples: AODV, DSR, etc.
Pros and Cons :
o Do not use bandwidth except when needed.
o Initial in delay.
17. Proactive routing protocol
•
•On demand flooding the route with RREP.
• All routes are maintained all the time.
• Low latency, suitable for real time traffic.
Examples : DSDV, OLSR.
Pros and Cons :
o Routes are always available.
o Bandwidth might get wasted due to periodic
updates.
18. Protocols trade-off
• Proactive protocols
– Always maintain routes .
– Little or no delay for route determination.
– Consume bandwidth to keep routes up-to-date.
– Maintain routes which may never be used.
• Reactive protocols
- Lower overhead since routes are determined on demand.
– Significant delay in route determination.
– Employ flooding (global search).
– Control traffic may be bursty.
19. Pros and Cons for Manet
PROS:
Separation from central network administration.
Self-configuring nodes are also routers.
Self-healing through continuous re-
configuration.
CONS:
Limited resources and physical security.
Intrinsic mutual trust vulnerable to attacks.
Lack of authorization facilities.
20. MANET usage areas
• Military Scenario.
• Sensor Network.
• Rescue operation.
• Student on campus.
• Free internet sharing.
• Conference.
23. Conclusion
The mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a collection
of wireless mobile hosts dynamically establishing a
short lived network without the support of a network
infrastructure. In this type of environment, it's
expected that a large number of ad-hoc connections
will exist in the same region without any mutual
coordination. Mobile ad-hoc networks are the future
of wireless networks. Nodes in these networks will
generate both users and application traffic and
perform various network functions.
24. Future aspects
In future mobile ad-hoc networks will use mobile
routers to provide Internetconnectivity to mobile ad-
hoc users. A mobile router will also allow mobility of
an ad-hoc network, where mobile users may use an
Internet access within an ad-hoc network domain.
Recently, organizations have begun to see potential
for such dynamic networks. Mobile ad-hoc networks
are of increasing interest for a distributed set of
applications, such as distributed collaborative
computing, distributed sensing networks, potential
fourth generation wireless systems, and response to
incidents that destroyed the existing communication
structure.
25. Reference
• [ 1 ]. D. Johnson and D. Maltz, “Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks,” Mobile Computing, T. Imielinski and H. Korth, Ed.,
Kluwer, 1996.
• [2]. C. Perkins and E Royer, “Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector
Routing,” 2nd IEEE Workshop. Mobile Comp. Sys. And Apps, 1999.
•[3]. IEEE Std. 802.11, “Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,” 1997.
•[4]. Sridhar Iyer, “Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks”, IIT Bombay.
•[5]. Andreas Tønnesen, “Introduction to MANET”.
•[6]. “Wireless Ad-Hoc Network” – Wikipedia.
•[7]. Md. Mahbubul Alam, And Tanmoon Taz Shetu, “Congestion
control in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs)”, APRIL 2011
