1. Truth and Knowledge
Nine, Anavi, Miyuki, Tony

2. What is Truth?
-independent
-simply believing that something
is true does not make it true.
-MUST be true.
Example: Priori truth, 2+2 = 4
cannot be challenged, true
regardless of what people think

3. What is Knowledge?
Information acquired through past experience that can be
justified by reasonable evidence. Knowledge must be justified
by evidence, true for everyone eternally (absolute), and
believed in by people.
• knowledge exists in different levels
• it can be required through different sources (eg. culture,
school, internet, expert opinion, news, etc.)

4. Does Knowledge Require
Certainty?
Knowledge requires a high degree of certainty
because it needs to be true since knowledge is
justified “TRUE” belief.

5. Does Truth Require Certainty?
(Or Is that the Wrong Question?)
• Truth does not require certainty because there can be truth
regardless of belief.
• If we don't believe a truth, we obviously wouldn't be certain.

6. But according to Plato...
This seems to be the wrong
question:
o Something can either be
true or untrue
o There is no degree of
certainty in truth
o Humans can never be
absolutely certain of
something