CADLAD: Device-aware Bitrate Ladder Construction for HTTP Adaptive Streaming

1. All rights reserved. ©2020 All rights reserved. ©2020 CADLAD: Device-aware Bitrate Ladder Construction for HTTP Adaptive Streaming CNSM 2022 | Thessaloniki, Greece | 31 October - 4 November 2022 Minh Nguyen, Babak Taraghi, Abdelhak Bentaleb, Roger Zimmermann, Christian Timmerer Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt, Austria National University of Singapore, Singapore minh.nguyen@aau.at | athena.itec.aau.at 1

4. All rights reserved. ©2020 Video Is Everywhere 4 Heterogeneous devices for watching video content [2] [2] Bitmovin, “Video Developer Report 2021,” [Online] Available: https://go.bitmovin.com/video-developer-report-2022 [1] Sandvine, “Global internet phenomena report 2022, https://www.sandvine.com/phenomena 54% Video streaming in overall trafﬁc [1]

5. All rights reserved. ©2020 HTTP Adaptive Streaming 5 Server ... HTTP GET requests Video segmentation Video encoding ... ... ... Version 3 Version 2 Version 1 Client Adaptive bitrate algorithm Throughput estimation Playout buffer Video decoding Throughput Time

6. All rights reserved. ©2020 Media Presentation Description (MPD) File 6 ● Quality version 1: bitrate 1, height 1, width 1 ● Quality version 2: bitrate 2, height 2, width 2 ● Quality version 3: bitrate 3, height 3, width 3 ● … MPD ﬁle holding information of quality versions is sent from the server to the client Adaptive bitrate algorithm Bitrate X

7. All rights reserved. ©2020 Buffer length Measured throughput Top bitrate … bl mtp tb Metrics defined in CMCD Common Media Client Data (CMCD) 7 Server Client …. sw dt Screen width Device type Metrics proposed CMCD specification: https://cdn.cta.tech/cta/media/media/resources/standards/pdfs/cta-5004-final.pdf How to use CMCD? How to calculate CMCD? Bitrate ladder

9. All rights reserved. ©2020 CMCD Parameter Determination 9 Screen width 720p 1080p 2160p [1] [1] https://netﬂixtechblog.com/vmaf-the-journey-continues-44b51ee9ed12 Device type mobile desktop TV Top bitrate Average throughput

10. All rights reserved. ©2020 1. VoD Scenario b2, w2 b1, w1 b3, w3 b4 <= tb3, w4 <= sw3 b2 <= tb1, w2 <= sw1 b1, w1 b2, w2 b1, w1 b3 <= tb2, w3 <= sw2 Bitrate Ladder Construction 10 Server b4, w4 b3, w3 b2, w2 b1, w1 Q u a l i t y v e r s i o n s (tb3, tv, sw3) (tb1, mobile, sw1) (tb2, desktop, sw2) (Top bitrate, Device type, Screen width) MPD 3 MPD 2 MPD 1

12. All rights reserved. ©2020 2. Live scenario 2.1 Encoding b2, w2 b1, w1 b3, w3 b4 <= tb3, w4 <= sw3 b2 <= tb1, w2 <= sw1 b1, w1 b2, w2 b1, w1 b3 <= tb2, w3 <= sw2 Bitrate Ladder Construction 12 MPD 3 MPD 2 MPD 1 Server …

14. All rights reserved. ©2020 Experimental setup 14 ○ CAdViSE: Adaptive Streaming Players Performance Testbed [1] ○ Bitrate ladder: {100, 200, 375, 550, 750, 1000, 1500, 3000, 5800, 7500, 12000, 17000} with resolution from 144p to 2160p. Video: Seconds that count [2] ○ Network: ■ 4G LTE trace [3] - 1 client ■ Cascade trace - Multiple clients {200, 100, 50, 25, 50, 100, 200}Mbps ○ CADLAD is implemented in dashjs v4 player ■ CADLAD-T: TV devices ■ CADLAD-D: desktop devices ■ CADLAD-M: mobile devices ■ CADLAD-A: all types of devices [1] B. Taraghi, et.al., “CAdViSE: cloud-based adaptive video streaming evaluation framework for the automated testing of media players,” in Proceedings of the 11th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, 2020, pp. 349–352. [2] Taraghi, B., et. al.. “Multi-codec ultra high deﬁnition 8K MPEG-DASH dataset”. In Proceedings of the 13th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference(pp. 216-220). [3] D. Raca, J. J. Quinlan, A. H. Zahran, and C. J. Sreenan, “Beyond throughput: a 4G LTE dataset with channel and context metrics,” in Proceedings of the 9th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, 2018, pp. 460 - 465 Server Clients Controlled Network

15. All rights reserved. ©2020 Evaluation Metrics 15 Bitrate The average bitrate of all segments downloaded by same-device end users in a streaming session. # of switches The average number of quality switches of same-device end users in a streaming session. Stall duration The average period while the video is frozen at same-device end users. QoE score The QoE score calculated by model ITU-T P.1203 mode 1

16. All rights reserved. ©2020 Experimental results 1. VoD streaming ● CADLAD outperforms dashjs v4 (dashjs4) ● Stall duration by 64-100% ● # of switches by 12-90% ● Save data usage with lower average bitrate 16

18. All rights reserved. ©2020 Experimental results 2. Live streaming ● CADLAD outperforms dashjs v4 (dashjs4) ● Stall duration by at least 20% ● # of switches in most cases ● Save data usage with lower average bitrate 18

21. All rights reserved. ©2020 Conclusions ● Proposing a CMCD-aware per-device bitrate ladder construction, namely CADLAD ● Providing the server: ○ the top bitrate (tb) ○ the device type (dt) ○ the screen width (sw) ● Experiential results ○ Signiﬁcantly improving the QoE ○ Saving substantial downloaded data to the clients 21

22. Thank you 22 minh.nguyen@aau.at https://twitter.com/minhkstn https://www.linkedin.com/in/minhkstn/

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