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Evolution
- 1. EVOLUTION Mohammed Guhdar University of Dohuk Mohammed.guhdar@uod.ac
- 2. Content • Charles Darwin • Evolution • Natural Selection • Genetical Mutation • Evidences • Point of Collapse • Consequences • Contradiction (Cambrian explosion, bacteria evolution, fossil record, theory of birds) • Conclusion (Intelligent Design School)
- 3. Charles Darwin • From 1831-1836, a young naturalist called Charles Darwin toured the world in HMS Beagle. • He was dazzled by the amazing diversity of life and started to wonder how it might have originated • OBSERVED MANY SPECIESAND FOSSILS • WHY DID SOME SPECIES SURVIVEWHILE OTHERS BECAME EXTINCT? • in 1859 he published his book "On the Origin of Species"
- 4. Theory of Evolution • Evolution is any change in the heritable traits within a population across generations. • all life forms on earth are relatedThey Share “common Descent” • Descent with modification over many many generations.
- 5. Cont. • In biology the theory of evolution doesn’t tells how exactly the life begin on earth • But it does tells us how the forms of life on earth diversified once it came into the existence • Evolution first pointed out by Muslim scientists like ibn Khalidun, ibn al-Arabi, Al-Jahiz and others like Al-Ghazwini at least 5 century before Charles Darwin. • In 1874 an English scientist “JohnWilliam Drubber” named evolution as “Mohammedian EvolutionTheory” .
- 6. Natural Selection • In his Origin of Specie book, Darwin proposed how one species might give rise to another. • Where food was limited, competition meant that only the fittest would survive. • This would lead to the natural selection of the best adapted individuals and eventually the evolution of a new species.
- 8. Gaining New Traits - Mutation • According to the theory of evolutionThe most famous way to get new traits is done by Mutation Process. • Mutation: is the distortions that happens to the DNA of living Creatures Mostly as a result of External Effects such as radiation or chemical reactions.
- 9. Mutation Due to the radiation
- 11. Some other kind of Mutation Wood Man
- 14. This are could be quite great evidences for supporting Evolution theory in terms of having common ancestors
- 16. based on observations mutation has only negative effect on DNA and then on all the creatures.
- 18. Con’t • For Evolution to resist from collapsing there most be dozens of chains between each living creature .
- 21. Antibiotic resistance In 1980’s only 3 to 5% percent of Streptococcus Bacteria's were resisting to penicillin, But in 1998 it is appeared more than 35% of them are resisting. There are many other examples from different families of bacteria’s Could it be an Evidence for Evolution?
- 22. Junk DNA
- 23. Biogenesis • Biogenesis is the production of new living organisms or organelles.The hypothesis of biogenesis, attributed to Louis Pasteur, states that complex living things come only from other living things, by reproduction (e.g. a spider lays eggs, which develop into spiders). • Living things can only be produced from another living things.
- 24. Evolution and Chemistry • Simplest living form would need at least 239 proteins • proteins = instructions from DNA + amino Acids • in order for DNA to exist it needs enzymes and enzymes are nothing but proteins
- 25. Evolution in terms of Mathematic • In order for evolution to start from point of zero “coincidently” • There must be DNA, RNA and Protein at the sameTime & Place • The chance for one single protein to exist by coincident is 10161 • And in mathematic the probability of anything reaches 1/1050 could be set as ZERO. Impossible to happen.
- 26. Beauty in Life
- 27. Consequences • Rise of racism • Rise of Capitalism • Rise of amorality • Rise of new radical religion-Atheism (believe in nothing)
- 29. Ota Benga
- 33. Any Question? References: The Origin of Species – by Charles Darwin Darwin's Black Box:The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution- Michael J. Behe التطور نظرية-محمود مصطفى
Editor's Notes
- In short It is any unexpected change in DNA code called DNA mutation it occurs on gene Gene is a segment of DNA or small Part of DNA is a code for something like shape of nose, color of hair or skin color even our genders. Mutations vary in size from single DNA building blocks to large sections of chromosomes. is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits. Changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment will help it survive and have more offspring.
- مقتطف من مقدمة أبن خلدون .... " اعلم أرشدنا الله وأياك , أنا نشاهد هذا العالم بما فيه من المخلوقات كلها على هيئة من الترتيب والأحكام , وربط الاسباب بالمسببات , واتصال الأكوان بالأكوان , وأستحالة بعض الموجودات الى بعض , لا تنقضى عجائبه في ذلك ولا تنتهي غاياته , وأبدأ من ذلك بالعالم المحسوس الجثماني , وأولا عالم العناصر المشاهدة كيف تدرج صاعداً من الأرض الى الماء , ثم الى النار متصلاَ بعضها ببعض . وكل واحد منها مستعد الى أن يستحيل الى مايليه صاعداً وهابطاً ويستحيل بعض الوقت , والصاعد منها ألطف مما قبل الى أن ينتهي الى عالم الأفلاك وهو ألطف من الكل على طبقات اتصل بعضها ببعض على هيئة لا يدرك الحس منها الا الحركات فقط , وبها يهتدى بعضهم الى معرفة مقاديرها وأوضاعها وما بعد ذلك من وجود الذوات التى لها هذه الأثار فيها . ثم انظر الى عالم التكوين كيف ابتدأ من المعادن ثم النبات ثم الحيوان على هيئة بديعة من التدريج . أخر أفق المعادن متصل بأول أفق النبات مثل الحشائش وما لابذر له , وأخر أفق النبات مثل النخل والكرم متصل بأول أفق الحيوان مثل الحلزون والصدف , ولم يوجد لهما الا قوة اللمس فقط . ومعنى الاتصال في هذه المكونات أن أخر كل أفق منها مستعد بالأستعداد القريب ( الطبيعي ) لأن يصير أول أفق الذي بعده , واتسع عالم الحيوان وتعددت انواعه , وانتهى في تدريج التكوين الانسان صاحب الفكر والرويه , ترتفع اليه من عالم القردة الذي اجتمع فيه الحس والادراك ولم ينته الى الروية والفكر بالفعل , وكان ذلك أول أفق من الانسان وبعده . وهذا غاية شهودنا “ Here I have to point about ibn khalidun because he described the evolution in such astonishing and very accurate way in his book al moqadima. Every living creature share three common elements which are DNA RNA and proteins The only distinction between us and any other living creature is the instructions in DNA coding furthermore Right now inside each of our DNA there is a gene responsible for growing a horn, tail and even wings but they are not activated sometime they appear to be activated! The only difference between the us(as believer) and those who call them self atheist is in that: they believe all this evolution starting from the creation of protein and DNA , RNA to all this diversity and beauty on earth planet came out Just by coincidently or by chance absolutely no intelligent designer no not even rules involved I this process like what we have in physic let say a blind evolution there Mathematic comes on line and
- We can say that The engines and heart of the Evolution are natural selection and mutation – Guhdar M. the best adapted individuals in specific environment will survive while others will EXTINCT due to special traits that will allow him adaptation and then survive in that environment population growth by Malthus. Malthus had argued that human population would grow more quickly than food supply. Consequently competition for food would become intense and only the fittest and most able would survive. Darwin applied these ideas to all of life and came up with his now famous concept of Natural Selection. Darwin reasoned that if an organism possessed a character that improved its chances of survival, then it would be more likely to pass on that character to the next generation. Therefore organisms would become progressively adapted to their environment, leading to the evolution of new species. Darwin published this idea in his “Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection” in 1859. E.g.: Strong wolf will overcome on weak ones and wolf can chest and eat almost only weak gazelles or any other animals
- The black skinned person can survive better in hot and sunny places than a white person Because his skin is better for reflecting all the radiations comes from sun And the nose with wider wholes as well better for living in hot places so he can get oxygen better And the nose with narrow holes better for cold places to prevent from over entering of air (kind of protection for airy cold places) So if you have this nose it means you are from north descent If holes are wide it means you are from a hot place descent This kind of changes will takes thousands of year to take in place or happen according to the theory of evolution.
- The following images most of them from Chernobyl disaster from Russia due to the losing of control on a nuclear station Right after few years here the mutation appeared in most horrible way
- Pure wood
- Close example
- I mean if we don’t have common ancestors where does such a trait show up or appear? Because this evidences show us that we have inactivated genes from other animals and under some circumstances they are becoming active
- I would like to point out that This theory divides into two main types namely Macro Evolution and Micro Evolution And in terms of ideology it also could be divided into two main types which are: Evolution of Darwinism which is blind evolution And Intelligent Design School evolution which is directed evolution
- Distortedمشوه=
- I think you all get it
- That is what he mean if this two in between doesn’t exist then …
- In Cambrian explosion astonishing diversity of complex life form creatures has been discovered in Earth's geological layers In relatively short period of time In which has no descents They are just came to existence
- This are cells from that period You can see Astonishing complexity form
- So many books argue that the resistance of bacteria to specific type of antibiotic within time Is an evidence for Evolution Which Actually it loses some of their parts due to mutation or just exchange locations genes Either by Horizontal gene transfer (which is common one in bacteria) or mutation itself - eyes example STREPTOCOCCUS kind of bacteria family So… can we count this as evolution as many scientific sources claim? آليات المقاومة يمكن للباكتيريا أن تكتسب مقاومة أو مناعة ضد المضادات الحيوية بطريقين : 1. الانتقال الأفقي للجينات. (Horizontal gene transfer) this is very common process between bacterias 2. الطفرات. (mutation) So it either lose some part or just exchange locations- eyes example
- Actually this is not a theory but it is well accepted since community based on observations. 10s of experiment had been done in order to produce life or a living cell through chemical reactions they all field,
- So.. Which one comes first? For sure Evolution could never answer. because every single action within biological cell needs instruction and directions in order to work.. the funny thing among all of this is that for DNA in order to exist it needs enzymes and enzymes are nothing but protein, and proteins need DNAs instructions + amino Acids( building block of proteins) in order to come to existence because each protein has different and special amino acidic sequence directed by DNA. AND only left handed amino acids can make it for completely unknown reason. So.. which comes first? all this things need to be exist at the same time! and coincidentally!!
- This was for protein NOW Think about cell a single made up of many many proteins!! Even if we took physic in concideration, it will not support evolution that mutch What will be its probability to come to existence? The answer would be infinite number
- This is an important point that most people ignores it
- On society this it is important to mention that the life before this theory was something in terms of beliefs and after that theory it is entirely changed to something else Nazis were thinking the arian race is better than other races, so they should rule the world and make from others slave - capital economy system which destroys nations due to injustices and Unfairness on poor people Rise of amorality among society This are not because of the theory it self but due to bad use and miss understanding of its reality
- The ideology behind the rise of nzais has direct connection to this theory In which thinking that the ARIAN race are more evolved one
- Truly There is tragedic story lays down behind this image This a guy has been kidnapped by group of white men's in his village from Congo Then they took him to unite state of America Then he had been sold to an animal zoo And put him in cages along side with other chimpanzees And showed him to public as un evolved man kind Which like chain between evolved human (white) and other chimpanzees At the end he couldn’t handle this insulting situation and suicided.